• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제8권
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• pp.21-28
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• 1967

등량(等量)의 사료(飼料)로서 급식회수(給食回數)를 달리 했을때 면양(緬羊)의 증체(增體), 영양소(營養素)의 소화율(消化率), 열량이용성(熱量利用性), 체조직(體組織)의 화학성분(化學成分)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 32두(頭)의 면양(緬羊)으로 두개(個)의 실험(實驗)을 하였든바 그 성적(成績)은 다음과 같다. (1) 영양소(營養素)의 소화율(消化率) 및 ME가(價)에 있어서 1 일(日) 1회(回) 8급식구(給食區), 1 일(日) 8회급식구(回給食區), 1 일(日) 1회급식(回給食)+7회첨수구(回添水區)사이에 하등(何等)의 차이(差異)가 발견(發見)되지 않았다. (2) 매대사체중당(每代射體重當) 열발생량(熱發生量)은 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)가 1회구(回區)보다 훨씬 적었다. (3) 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)보다 증체량(增體量)이 더 많았다. (4) 1 일(日) 8회구(回區)의 경우 체단백질(體蛋白質), 지방(脂肪), 에너지의 증가(增加)가 1회구(回區)보다 훨씬 왕성하였다. (5) 증체(增體)된 부분(部分)의 체조성(體組成) 변화(變化)를 보면 1회구(回區)의 경우에 훨씬 많은 량(量)의 지방(脂肪), 단백질(蛋白質), 광물질(鑛物質)이 비축되었다. (6) 급식회수(給食回數)가 위에서 본바와 같은 영향을 일으키는 생리적기전(生理的機轉)의 일부(一部)가 설명(說明)되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.522-535
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• 2024

Objective: Transition period is considered from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, characterized with dramatic events (endocrine, metabolic, and physiological) leading to occurrence of production diseases (negative energy balance/ketosis, milk fever etc). The objectives of our study were to analyze the periodic concentration of serum beta-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), glucose and oxidative markers along with identification, and validation of the putative markers of negative energy balance in buffaloes using in-silico and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Methods: Out of 20 potential markers of ketosis identified by in-silico analysis, two were selected and analyzed by qRT-PCR technique (upregulated; acetyl serotonin o-methyl transferase like and down regulated; guanylate cyclase activator 1B). Additional two sets of genes (carnitine palmotyl transferase A; upregulated and Insulin growth factor; downregulated) that have a role of hepatic fatty acid oxidation to maintain energy demands via gluconeogenesis were also validated. Extracted cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) from the blood of the buffaloes were used for validation of selected genes via qRTPCR. Concentrations of BHBA, glucose and oxidative stress markers were identified with their respective optimized protocols. Results: The analysis of qRT-PCR gave similar trends as shown by in-silico analysis throughout the transition period. Significant changes (p<0.05) in the levels of BHBA, glucose and oxidative stress markers throughout this period were observed. This study provides validation from in-silico and qRT-PCR assays for potential markers to be used for earliest diagnosis of negative energy balance in buffaloes. Conclusion: Apart from conventional diagnostic methods, this study improves the understanding of putative biomarkers at the molecular level which helps to unfold their role in normal immune function, fat synthesis/metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Therefore, provides an opportunity to discover more accurate and sensitive diagnostic aids.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.269-278
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• 1986

본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 혈중유리지방산은 정상식이시 비운동선수군에서 운동부하시 증가하며 그증가의 정도는 운동부하량과 비례적인 관계를 보였으며 운동선수군에서도 같은 경향이었다. 18시간의 단기간 절식시에는 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 정상식이시에 비하여 2.5배의 증가를 보였으나 비운동선수군은 운동부하량에 따라 증가한데 비하여 운동선수군에서는 변화가 없었다. 혈당은 정상식이시 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가했으나 절식시에는 증가의 정도가 완만하였다. 혈중 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤은 비운동선수군 및 운동선수군에서 운동부하에 의한 변화는 없었으며 절식시 중성지방은 정상식이에 비하여 양군에서 현저히 감소하였다. 분당 심박동수는 식이시에 비운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가하였으며 운동선수군은 비운동선수군보다 완만히 증가하였다. 절식시에는 비운동선수군에서 운동부하량에 비례하여 증가했으나 운동선수군은 운동부하초기에 증가한 후 변화가 없었으며 양군 모두 절식시에 정상식이에 비하여 운동부하량에 따른 증가의 정도가 완만하였다. 운동선수군에서 비운동선수군에 비하여 분당 맥박수가 현저히 낮았으며 운동부하량에 따른 증가용도 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 단기간의 절식은 운동부하전 및 운동부하시에 정상식이에 비하여 유리지방산의 이용을 증대시켰으며 또한 운동선수군에서의 혈중 유리지빙산, 글루코스 및 심박동수의 변화 양상이 절식시의 그것과 유사한 것으로 보아 단기간의 절식이 체력단련과 비슷한 효과를 가져오는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Methane is known to be one of the major greenhouse gases. On a global scale, livestock farming may contribute 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Though methane contribution is less than 2% of all the factors leading to global warming, it plays an important role because it is 21 times more effective than carbon dioxide. Methane emission is a direct result of the fermentation process performed by ruminal microorganisms and, in particular, the archael methanogens. Reducing methane emission would benefit both ruminant production and the environment. Methane generation can be reduced by electron-sink metabolic pathways to dispose of the reducing moieties. An alternative way for methane control in the rumen is to apply inhibitors against methanogens. Generating methane from manure has considerable merit because it appears to offer at least a partial solution to two pressing problems-environmental crisis and energy shortage. An obvious benefit from methane production is the energy value of the gas itself. Control of methane emission by rumen microbes in Korea has mainly been focused on application of various chemicals, such as BES and PMDI, that inhibit the growth and activity of methanogens in the rumen. Alternatives were to apply long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and oils with or without organic acids (malate and fumarate). The results for trials with methane reducing agents and the situation of biogas production industries and a typical biogas plant in Korea will be introduced here.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fat intake, anthropometric data, blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin in Korean male college students. Forty-eight subjects were divided into 2 groups based on dietary fat intake: UERF (under 30% of energy ratio for fat source), AERF (above 30% of energy ratio for fat souce). We collected dietary intake data using 24-hour dietary recall for 3 days. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured by using standard methods. Segmental body composition analysis was carried out using an 8-electrode multifrequency bioelectrical impedance method of body fat estimation. There was no significant difference in anthropometric data and serum lipid profile between UERF and AERF group. Serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in the AERF group compared to the UERF group. Although there was no significant difference in serum adiponectin level between UERF and AERF groups, subjects had lower adiponectin levels. Correlation data show that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with vegetable intake (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary fat intake had a positive correlation with meat (p < 0.01), whereas a negative correlation with grain (p < 0.01), vegetables (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the increased fat intake of non-obese Korean male college students is associated with their increased serum C-reactive protein concentration. Therefore, proper guidelines on fat intake and nutrition education are necessary for the prevention and management of metabolic syndromes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and to compare the dietary behaviors, nutrient intake and physical activities of specialized game high school students. Total of 163 subjects participated and their weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and bone status by a quantitative ultrasound method were measured. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about general characteristics, dietary behaviors and physical activities. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups on their obesity level by BMI. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese group was 6%, 58%, 16%, and 20% respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with bone mineral density (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WHR (p < 0.01). The dietary guideline compliance score for "Enjoy Korean rice food style" was 2.63, followed by "Prepare food sanitarily"2.48, "Do not skip breakfast"2.29, "Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, dairy products daily"2.25, "Drink water instead of beverage"2.10, "Choose less fried foods"2.09 and "Maintain healthy weight"1.91. The exercise frequency of walking was not significantly different between groups; however, heavy exercise frequency was significantly lower in underweight group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The energy intake was 2153 kcal, which was 81.2% of the Estimate Energy Requirement, and the intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was 66.7% and 77.8% of KDRIs. Particularly, the intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C was about 59.4%, 52.2% and 55.4% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.71, 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, and intake of folic acid fell behind 39.1% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.46. Our study suggests that the systematic and continuous nutrition education will have to be provided at schools to improve dietary and health behaviors and prevent chronic metabolic disease for students of specialized game high school.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2007

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of sheep grazing an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture located in western Jilin Province, China. The whole-plant of L. chinensis and the samples simulating ingestion by sheep (simulating sample) were collected in spring (May, 2004), summer (July, 2004), autumn (September, 2004) and the end of winter (April, 2005). The contents of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and alkanes were determined. Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients in each season were also examined using 6 mature Chinese Northeast Merino ewes (differed among the seasons) grazing on a paddock of 1 ha size. The apparent digestibilities of GE, dry matter (DM), OM, CP, NDF and ADF of L. chinensis were significantly greater (p<0.05) in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Metabolizable energy (ME) content was 12.13, 11.62, 8.66 and 10.40 MJ/kg DM for L. chinensis in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and the corresponding voluntary feed intakes were 91, 119, 59 and 58 g/d per kg metabolic weight ($LW^{0.75}$). The ME contents and DM intakes in autumn and winter were significantly lower than in spring and summer (p<0.05). The intake of L. chinensis pasture was sufficient to provide ME requirements for maintenance by the dry ewes in all the seasons, but inadequate for maintenance protein requirement in winter. (Supported by funds from National Basic Research Program of China, Grant No. 2007CB106800).

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 PMV기반-공조시스템 설계를 위한 기초자료 조사를 목적으로 6가지 물리적/주관적 온열요소의 특성을 평가하였다. 물리적 온열요소의 평가에서는 25톤 함정의 조타실과 통신실, 100톤 함정의 기관실에서 열적 불만족이 발생할 수 있었다. 착의상태 및 활동상태 항목은 육상 실내건축의 내용을 선상 근무에 맞게 수정하여 이용하였다. 주관적 온열요소 중 의닦의 열 저항치는 모든 함정의 선실에서 승조원 사이의 편차가 커서 신진대사량에 비해 온열평가에 미치는 영향이 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 온열요소의 분포는 대체로 표준 정규분포보다 오른쪽으로 꼬리가 긴 비대칭분포를 보였다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1999

Localized in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the postmortem catabolism of high energy phosphates in rabbit skeletal muscle tissue. In the premortem processes all of the important high energy phosphate metabolites were characterized, and particularly phosphocreatine (PCr) resonance signal was the strongest. In the immediate phases of the postmortem processes the signal intensities of PCr, phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters(PDE), $\alpha$-, $\beta$- and ${\gamma}$-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resonance began to decrease while the signal intensity of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) resonance began to increase. The present study suggests that localized in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy may provide more precise biochemical information of the early postmortem period based on the metabolic alterations of phosphate. The unique ability of localized in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy to offer noninvasive information about tissue biochemistry in animals as well as human may have an impact on thanatochronology and medicolegal science.