• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2016

In Drosophila, rhomboid proteases are active cardinal regulators of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. iRhom1 and iRhom2, which are inactive homologs of rhomboid intramembrane serine proteases, are lacking essential catalytic residues. These are necessary for maturation and trafficking of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) converting enzyme (TACE) from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plasma membrane through Golgi, and associated with the fates of various ligands for EGFR. Recent studies have clarified that the activation or downregulation of EGFR signaling pathways by alteration of iRhoms are connected to several human diseases including tylosis with esophageal cancer (TOC) which is the autosomal dominant syndrom, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, this review focuses on our understanding of iRhoms and the involved mechanisms in the cellular processes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 1988

In order to investigate the morphological characteristics of dendritic cells in the mammary gland of the mouse (C57 BL/6), rat(W), rabbit and cat, the fine structures of the dendritic cells have been observed by the electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The dendritic cells with the well-developed processes had an irregular shape, and lacked the desmosome. The pinocytotic vesicles and tubular invaginations of the cell membrane were frequently observed, and the mitochondria with the well-developed cristae were located in the restricted region in the cytoplasm of the dendritic cells. The nuclei of dendritic cells were indented, In the mice and rats, the dendritic cells had a few Langerhans cell granules(Birbeck granules). From the above results, it is confirmed that the ATPase-positive dendritic cells in the mammary gland are the Langerhans cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.989-994
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• 2011

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a common problem throughout intensive agriculture areas (non-point source pollution). Current processes (e.g. ion exchange and membrane separation) for nitrate removal have various disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate electrochemical method such as electroreduction using bipolar ZVI packed bed electrolytic cell to remove nitrate from groundwater at field pilot. In addition ammonia stripping tower continuously removed up to 77.0% of ammonia. Bipolar ZVI packed bed electrolytic cell also removed E.coli. In the field pilot experiment for groundwater in 'I' city (average nitrate 30~35 mg N/L, pH 6.4), maximum 99.9% removal of nitrate was achieved in the applied 600 V.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1998

A linear undecapeptide, Substance P (SP) is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, salivation, and hypertension. Tertiary structure of SP in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles has been investigated by CD, NMR spectroscopy, and DGII calculation. CD spectrum of SP in the presence of 7.5 mM DPC micelles does not show any favorable secondary structure. The tertiary structure determined by NMR spectroscopy and DGII calculation shows that the Phe7-Phr8-Gly9-Leu10 region adopts a turn structure, while the N-terminal region is quite flexible. Both prolines in SP exist preferentially as the trans isoforms and the aromatic ring of Phe7 protrudes outward. Conformation of SP may be restrained by the contact of the Phe7 aromatic ring with the hydrophobic side chains of the DPC micelles and this interaction induces a turn structure. Structure of SP in aqueous solution in the presence of DPC micelles can represent a good model to study the conformation recognized by the receptor near neutral membrane.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2010

$Ca^{2+}$ is a universal signalling molecule that affects a variety of cellular processes including cardiac development. The majority of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ is stored in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle and non-muscle cells. Calreticulin is a well studied $Ca^{2+}$-buffering protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, and calreticulin deficiency is embryonic lethal due to impaired cardiac development. Despite calsequestrin being the most abundant $Ca^{2+}$-buffering protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, viability is maintained in embryos without calsequestrin and normal $Ca^{2+}$ release and contractile function is observed. The $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis regulated by the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum is critical for the development and proper function of the heart.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.38-47
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• 1996

Sectional analysis program for plane strain or axisymmetric geometry of aluminum alloy sheet metals was developed. For modeling the anomalous behavior of aluminum alloy, Barlat's strain rate potential and Hill's 1990 non-quadratic yield theory arranged under the plane stress assumption were employed. 2-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM formulation based on the bending-augmented membrane theory was derived, solving simultaneously force equilibrium as well as non-penetration condition. Isotropic hardening law was also assumed for yielding behavior. To verify the validity and availability of the developed program, 2-D stretch/draw forming process for plane strain geometry and cylindrical cup deep drawing process for axisymmetric geometry were simulated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

A combined treatment system using multiple source water is becoming important as an alternative to conventional water supply for small-scale water systems. In this research, combined water treatment systems were investigated for simultaneous use of multi-source water including rainwater, ground water, river water, and reclaimed wastewater. A laboratory-scale system was developed to systematically compare various combinations of water treatment processes, including sand filtration, microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC), and nanofiltration (NF). Results showed that the efficiency of combined water treatment systems was affected by the quality of feed waters. In addition, a simply approach based on the concept of linear combination was suggested to support a decision-making for the optimum water treatment systems with the consideration of final water quality.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for many angiogenic processes both in normal and pathological conditions. However, the signaling pathways involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis are incompletely understood. The protein kinase D1 (PKD1), a newly described calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase, has been implicated in cell migration, proliferation and membrane trafficking. Increasing evidence suggests critical roles for PKD1-mediated signaling pathways in endothelial cells, particularly in the regulation of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Recent studies show that class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) are PKD1 substrates and VEGF signal-responsive repressors of myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activation in endothelial cells. This review provides a guide to PKD1 signaling pathways and the direct downstream targets of PKD1 in VEGF signaling, and suggests important functions of PKD1 in angiogenesis.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal effect and variation of contaminated water by various water treatment processes using sediment filter, activated carbon, photocatalysis, reverse osmosis, ultra violet sterilizer and ultra filtration. The removal effect of chloride and trace metal was low by activated carbon and ultra filter but high in reverse osmosis. The removal effect of bacteria and E. coli was low by activated carbon and membrane filter system using activated carbon but high in impregnated activated carbon. The removal effect of TCE was low in sand and ultra filter system as compared with activated carbon. Ultra filtration process was effective for purify agricultural water without E.coli. Reverse osmosis was effective to remove heavy metal and activated carbon was effective to remove halogenated organic chemical compound. The flux and the removal effect of COD in spiral wound ultrafilter were higher than the hollow fiber ultrafilter.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2013

In this work a $MABOOMS^{TM}$ has been employed to cultivate microorganisms and investigated the effects of culture medium components on cell growth. A 24-well microplate coated with 4-divided fluorescent sensing membranes was used to monitor the dissolved oxygen, pH and cell concentration during cultivations. Fluorescence intensity for dissolved oxygen or solution pH and reflectance for cell concentration was online monitored by using the $MABOOMS^{TM}$. The online monitoring results showed the effects of culture medium components on cell growth in cultivation processes very well.