• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.1-11
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• 1984

Ginseng cotyledon calli were cultured on 1/2MS media supplemented with combination of various growth regulators to induce more embryoids and plantlets in a short period. And tissues of ginseng root and calli were also incubated under various factors or conditions to establish methods for the isolation of viable protoplasts in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in 1/2MS media containing 0.5mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D and 0.5mg/$\ell$ kinetin after 2 months' culture. But only shoot formation was less frequent. Further development of these embryoids occurred on 1/2MS medium supplemented with the same concentration of BA and GA. Viable protoplasts were isolated from the root tissue and callus of ginseng. The specific conditions for the isolation of viable protoplasts were required of ginseng materials, root tissue and callus, being processed. For the production of viable protoplasts from 1-year old ginseng root tissue, an enzyme mixture of $2\%$ cellulase 'Ono-zuka' and $0.5\%$ macerozyme, an enzyme solution pH of 5.2 to 5.8, a 7- to 8- hour incubation period at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and 0.9M mannitol as osmoticum in the cell enzyme mixture were optimum, while the treatments with an enzyme mixture of $2\%$ cellulase 'Onozuka', $2\%$ macerozyme and $1\%$ driselase, and 25-hour incubation period at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, were more efficient for the production of viable protoplasts from ginseng callus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.167-175
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• 1996

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of light quality on formation of fruit body primordia (FBPs) of Ganoderma lucidum. To achieve this 5 isolates of the fungus that develops fruit body primordia on nutrient agar media were incubated with or without continuous irradiation. The fluorescent lamps used different colors such as black light blue (BLB), pure blue (P-B), pure green (P-G), pure yellow (P-Y) and pure red (P-R). Effect of periodic light and dark exposures on FBP formation of isolate Gl-009 was investigated. The FBP formation in G. lucidum isolates was also tested under monochromatic light produced by the combination of interference filters and colored glass filters. Three isolates produced FBPs under all kinds of fluorescent lamps, whereas two induced FBPs only under visible light except for BLB fluorescent lamp. However, these isolate did not form FBPs in the dark. The FBP was formed at light intensity from 0.05 to $10.0\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and begun to reduce its number as light intensity increase over $0.5\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. When the isolate was incubated under periodic light and dark exposures, the number and weight of FBP increased as compared with those under continuous light. Initiation of FBP requires at least 4 days of light illumination. Although isolate Gl-003 produced FBPs in a wide range of 400 to 800 nm, other four isolates had two effective regions 400 to 500 nm and 700 to 750 nm in FBP formation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 1997

The effects of plant regulators on direct somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture of Rehmannia glutinosa were investigated and the proper explant for direct somatic embryo formation was studied. Direct somatic embryos were induced from leaf segments culture in the MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/l of both IAA and NAA, while IBA of 1.0 mg/l was required for the same effect. Many somatic embryos were directly formed at the concentration of 2.0 mg/l cytokinin such as BA, kinetin and zeatin, but somatic embryogenesis was relatively poor at above or below this level. Relatively more somatic embryos were induced in the combination of 1.0mg/l IAA and 2.0mg/l zeatin. Formation of somatic embryos begun after 6 weeks on stem segments, while 7 weeks both on petiole and leaf. However, overall production of somatic embryos after 8 weeks was higher in leaf segment than that of stem segment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.456-464
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• 2010

Background: Synergistic antitumor effects of the combined chemoimmunotherapy based on dendritic cells have been reported recently. The aim of this study is to search new applicability of gefitinib into the combination treatment through the confirmation of gefitinib effects on the monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs); most potent antigen presenting cell (APC). Methods: Immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cell (im, mMoDC)s were generated from peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) in Opti-MEM culture medium supplemented with IL-4, GM-CSF and cocktail, consisting of TNF-${\alpha}$ (10 ng/mL), IL-$1{\beta}$ (10 ng/mL), IL-6 (1,000 U/mL) and $PGE_2$ ($1{\mu}/mL$). Various concentrations of gefitinib also added on day 6 to see the influence on immature and mature MoDCs. Immunophenotyping of DCs under the gefitinib was performed by using monoclonal antibodies (CD14, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR). Supernatant IL-12 production and apoptosis of DCs was evaluated. And MLR assay with $[^3H]$-thymidine uptake assay was done. Results: Expression of CD83, MHC I were decreased in mMoDCs and MHC I was decreased in imMoDCs under gefitinib. IL-12 production from mMoDCs was decreased under $10{\mu}M$ of gefitinib sinificantly. Differences of T cell proliferation capacity were not observed in each concentration of geftinib. Conclusion: In spite of decreased expressions of some dendritic cell surface molecules and IL-12 production under $10{\mu}M$ of gefitinib, significant negative influences of gefitinib in antigen presenting capacity and T cell stimulation were not observed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

While the trend of all industries recently lies in combination, construction industry is much interested in enhancing efficiency and competitiveness in the aspect of site control by adopting RFID. Though RFID has been applied to diverse areas thus far, it cannot be easily applied to construction industry due to diverse physical, chemical and use-environmental properties of construction materials. Furthermore, it is rarely applied to the site because of many problems in its application. It is required to prepare RFID code issuance and system that can systematically control the code as well as to research the standardization of frequency, specification, protocol, package method, recognition method, etc in order to apply RFID to construction industry. In this research, RFID code issuance and management program are proposed as a part of program research to apply RFID. Furthermore, the restricted matters of existing RFID tag are drawn to produce pilot product of RFID tag that can solve it so as to perform site application test. According to the experiment, effective recognition distance varies depending on material/environmental property and control efficiency changes depending on attachment method and application method. Thus, preparing diverse restrictive factors and solutions by systematically analyzing control method(medium, process) of current architecture materials and applying it to construction site can be the way to successfully apply RFID.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.871-878
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• 2004

Pulsed electric fields(PEF) technology is one of the latest nonthermal methods of food processing for obtaining safe and minimally processed foods. This technology can be effectively explored for obtaining safe food with minimum effect on nutritional, flavor, rheological and sensory qualities of food products. The process involves the application of high voltage(typically 20 ${\sim}$ 80 kv/cm) to foods placed between two electrodes. The mode of inactivation of microorganism; by PEP processing has been postulated in term; of electric breakdown and electroporation. The extent of destruction of microorganisms in PEF processing depends mainly on the electric field strength of the pulses and treatment time. For each cell types, a specific critical electric field strength and specific critical treatment time are required depending on the cell characteristics and the type and strength of the medium where they have been present. The effect also depends on the types of microorganisms and their phase of growth. A careful combination of processing parameters has to be selected for effective processing. The potential applications of PEF technology are numerous ranging from biotechnology to food preservation. With respect to food processing, it has already been established that, the technology is non-thermal in nature, economical and energy efficient, besides providing minimally processed foods. This article gives a brief overview of this technology for food processing applications.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2000

In this study to produce large-scale scopolamine we were examined in the tumor calli of Datura metel L. induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $Ery{101}$. The growth and scopolamine contents of tumor calli were higher under light condition than in dark. The optimum condition of growth and scopolamine production were fluence rate of 16 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, spectra of red light region and 16 hour light periods on 50 mL SH liquid medium in 4 weeks culture. To increase of the scopolamine contents in tumor calli, the optimum concentration of nitrogen source were 1.8 mM NH$_4$+ and 40 mM NO$_3$. The optimum elicitor concentration for production of scopolamine were 10 mg/L chitosan and 15 mg/L yeast extract. The effect of precursors were good at the concentration of 0.2 mM tropine and 0.3 mM tropic acid, respectively. In order to increase of growth and scopolamine contents. we induced mutant from Datura metel L. tumor callus. Mutants of tumor calli were obtained by 3 Krad, 4 Krad and 6 Krad of ${60}^Cor-ray$. Among them, 3 Krad tumor callus was excellent on the growth and teratoma induction. The 4 Krad tumor callus was negligible for both growth and teratoma induction. But the 6 Krad tumor callus was the best in growth and teratoma induction. The formation of the mutant calli can be enhanced through hormonal combination of 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L benzyladenine. We carry out selection mutant tumor calli for high content tropane alkaloid and suspension cultures for scopolamine production.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2010

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We compared three selective media and evaluated the performance of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) for the detection of low levels of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef and radish sprouts with different levels of background flora. Bulk food samples (500 g for each trial) were artificially inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 at the lowest dose that would generate 20 partial-positive samples of 25 g each. All samples were homogenized in mTSB (225 mL) and incubated overnight at $37^{\circ}C$. IMS was performed using the enriched mTSB samples (1 mL) along with conventional spreads plated onto three different selective media: Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), Sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and tellulite (CT-SMAC), and Sorbitol MacConkey agar with nalidixic acid (NAL-SMAC) as the gold standard. Two suspicious colonies from each medium were selected and confirmed usinga serological test after transfer to tryptic soy broth with yeast extract (TSAYE). CT-SMAC was better than SMAC for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in all food types. Although there was no statistical difference in the number of positive samples when using IMS vs. non-IMS techniques, more positive samples were detected when IMS was used in both ground beef and radish sprouts. It appears that the improvement was more significant in radish sprouts, which had a higher level of background flora than ground beef. The results also suggest that the combination of CT-SMAC and IMS is sufficient to recover low levels of E. coli O157:H7 in high background flora food samples.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to consider the change of hand function according to the quality of sleep and to find out a correlation among the quality of sleep and hand function, and sleep disturbing factors. Method : 23 patients who were hospitalized more than 6 months from Nov. 2017 to Jan. 2018 were tested for the quality of sleep used by sleep quality scale, for the grip strength used by a dynamometer, and for the coordination used by BBT and 9-Hole Peg test. The collected data were analyzed to implement the paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result : In the high grade group of sleep score, the quality of sleep & BBT, and the grip strength & BBT have correlated each other; and in the medium group, only the latter has shown a correlation. In both groups, the quality of sleep and the sleep pattern have showed significant high correlation. Conclusion : When the elderly in geriatric hospitals show qualitative differences, BBT and the combination of treatment for the improvement of grip strength can improve the quality of sleep. And the sleep pattern intervention is considered to be effective to improve the quality of sleep.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.778-790
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• 2021

The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha in Bijung-ri are state-designated heritage (treasure) statues having the Buddha style of the Goryeo dynasty from the 6th century. Conservation scientific investigations were conducted to understand the preservation status of these stone Buddha statues and to establish a conservation plan. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha are composed of fine-medium grained biotite granite, which is considered to be of the same origin owing to their low magnetic susceptibility distribution of less than 0.2 (×10^-3 SI unit) and similar mineral characteristics. The Stone Seated Buddha Triad has highly homogenous mineral composition and particle size, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, and geochemical characteristics very similar to those of the nearby outcrop. It was confirmed that a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors affects the Stone Buddha statues. In particular, both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha tend to be chipped off from the front and cracked and scaled from the back. The Stone Standing Buddha located outdoors experiences granularity decomposition and black algae formation, which accelerate the weathering under unfavorable conservation environments. The result of non-destructive physical property diagnosis using ultrasonic velocity showed that both the Stone Seated Buddha Triad and Stone Standing Buddha have been completely weathered (CW), indicating very poor physical properties.