• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

기록은 인간의 삶과 지식 세계에 대한 수상인 동시에 지문이다. 기록의 대명사로 간주되는 책은 인류 역사를 추적하는 통로이자 그것을 음미하는 창이다. 그리고 책의 가장 원시적인 형태는 고대 그리스·로마의 고전이고, 압권은 필사본이다. 그것은 파피루스 두루마리, 양피지, 종이 등에 기록한 원본과 그것을 번역·중역한 사본을 총칭한다. 장구한 지식문화사를 반추하면 서양 필사본은 자연적 재해뿐만 아니라 인위적 문화반달리즘과 비블리오코스트로 인하여 시공간을 유동하는 강물처럼 이합집산을 계속해 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 고대 그리스에서 중세 르네상스 시대까지 서양 필사본의 유량과 도서관 보존을 추적하였다. 그 결과, 왕조와 제국, 군주와 재상, 장군과 정복자, 귀족과 부유층, 성직자와 학자를 불문하고 고전 필사본을 수집하고 번역하는데 혈안이었다. 고대 그리스·로마의 석학들이 파피루스와 양피지에 지식과 지혜를 기록하지 않았으면, 중세 비잔티움 제국·이슬람 제국이 고전을 수집·번역하고 재생산하지 않았으면, 책 사냥꾼들이 고전을 추적하지 않았으면, 르네상스 인문주의자들이 지적 엑소더스를 통해 고전을 복원·재해석하지 않았으면, 그리고 역사도서관이 사력을 다해 고전과 번역본을 수집·보존하지 않았으면, 현대인은 고전 지식을 접할 수 없었을 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 고전 필사본의 추적은 역사적 유동, 지리적 유랑, 언어적 변용으로 인해 많은 난제와 모순이 중첩되어 있는 아포리아다. 새로운 필사본이 발견·해석되면 수정과 보완이 불가피하므로 후속연구를 통한 고전 필사본의 유랑과 귀환에 대한 추적은 계속되어야 한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.153-162
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptional transition of housework from the ancient society to the modern society. In the ancient society, there was no difference in the meaning between domestic life and housework, it was thought that they were whole unity. In the medieval society, there was a beginning to differenciate the meaning between domestic life and housework, but there was no actual division between the one and the other. But in the modern society, it is thought that domestic life and housework is not only differenciated in concept, but also divided actually.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.12.1-12.2
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• 2020

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.97-116
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• 2007

This article has the objective of studying French ADR System which is unique and peculiar in the world. Nowadays commercial conflict is resolved by litigation or ADR. ADR plays an important part in resolving commercial conflict in the US, England, Germany, Japan and France. Untill now, only French ADR System has not been studied at all in Korea. So we can safely say that it is necessary to research into French ADR System in order to improve Korea's ADR System. This study is composed of Introduction, Concept of French ADR System, Actual Circumstances of French ADR System and Conclusion. The Fundamental system of French ADR is the law of February 8, 1995 that is made up of 82 articles. Among these articles, Judical Conciliation and Mediation are the most important. It is universally admitted by most of legal scholars that judicial conciliation and mediation have the character of contract. Because mutual consent is necessary in order for judicial conciliation and mediation to be effective. French system of judicial conciliation and mediation is provided in French Civil Procedure Law. Judicial conciliation plays an important role in Labor Law and Family Law. In the early part of litigation, the attempt of consiliation can be made very frequently in France. Successful conciliation and mediation are induced into negociation between parties. Arbitration has its long history in Europe. In the medieval times, Western European merchant began to use Arbitration System. After the medieval times had passed, Arbitration System took root in France. But Arbitration System has not so developed in France. On the other hand, Arbitration System has developed to a considerable degree in the US in spite of its short history. It is due to the fact that the French dislike to have recourse to litigation as compared with the Americans. However Arbitration can resolve securities conflict through various institutions in France, which is very similar to the concerned US phenomenon.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Temperature variations, and carbon dioxide and methane concentrations are summarized during the past 400,000 years. Atmospheric temperature varied approximately within $10^{\circ}C$ during the past 400,000 years. Most of the time during the past 400,000 years, temperature was lower than today except 410000, 320000, 250000, and 125000 years ago. Temperature was slightly higher or at least similar to today during the time period of 410000. 320000, 250000, and 125000 years ago. The carbon dioxide concentration varied between 180 and 300 ppm, and the methane concentration varied between 40 and 700ppb. The present atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is 375 ppm and methane is 1750 ppb. Temperature was 5-$7^{\circ}C$ lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum(18,000 years ago) and the Younger Dryas(10,000 years ago). Temprature was varied within $1^{\circ}C$ during the past 10,000 years. Especially Middle Holocene Climatic Optimum(6,000 years ago), Medieval Warm Period (500-1,000 years ago), and Little Ice Age(100-500 year ago) were global climatic events. In general, mechanism for the Middle Holocene Climatic Optimum, Medical Warm Period, and Little Ice Age can be explained by the solar insulation, however their exact mechnism is not well known. Carbon dioxide concentration during the past 400,000 years never reached the current value of 375 ppm. Furthermore, the current methane concentration never reached during the past 20Ma. However, current temperature value has happened several times during the past 400,000 years. The implication of this is unsolved question so far. This should be challenged in the near future.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2005

본 논문은 장신구에 내재하고 있는 상징적 의미에 대한 연구이다. 상징적 의미란 상징의 여러 속성들 중 의미와의 연관관계를 말하는 것이다. 장신구를 사용하는 것은 인류 문명사의 초기에서부터 나타나는 본능적 행위이다. 인간은 자신을 치장하기 위한 장식적인 목적이나 바라는 바를 이루기 위한 주술적인 이유에서 권력이나 힘을 과시하기 위한 수단으로 또는 사랑이나 그리움 등의 감정을 전달하기 위해서 등 다양한 목적으로 장신구를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 여러 종류의 장신구들 중 상징적 성격이 가장 강하게 나타나는 반지를 중심으로 장신구의 상징적 의미를 역사적 배경 속에서 살펴보았다. 고대 중세에는 상징성이 강하게 나타나며 근대와 현대에 이르러 약해지는 경향을 보인다. 또, 고대 중세에는 공통성, 보편성을 가진 의미가 많은 반면, 근대 이후 현대에는 개인적이고 사적인 의미가 증가하였다. 시대별로 장신구의 의미들은 시대상황과 연관관계를 맺으며 조금씩 변화하였지만, 장신구는 어떠한 시대상황에서도 우리의 마음속에 의미와 상징을 불러일으키며 인간의 내면의 사상과 감정을 표현하는 역할을 한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.136-148
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• 1998

This is a study on the change of the Medievalmen's underclothes. Underclothing includes all such articles, worn by either sex, as were completely or mainly concealed from the spectator by the external costume. Throughout the Middle Ages, the underclothing of both sexes possessed characteristic inherited from earlier times. Its function was purely utilitarian. It was not used to express class distinction and only very indirectly to enhance sex attraction. The idea of underclothes was associated with the idea of the body's sinfulness. Underclothes could also symbolize the discipline of humility. To appear clad only in underclothes was a voluntary form of selfabasement often practised by pilgrims. The notion that underclothes might express the spirit of the changing times, in sympathy with the outer clothing, did not enter the medieval mind. The length of the shirt was less than that of the modern garment, especially after the middle of the fourteenth century. The sleeves were somewhat full, without cuffs, and cut straight. During the second half of the twelfth century, when braies become definitely an undergarment. In the fourteenth century braies became shorter and shorter and the shirt could no longer be tucked in but hung outside over the thighs. After 1340 the costume on the surface somewhat resembling modern 'tights', began to reveal display the shape of the male leg as a form of sex attraction. By the close of the Middle Ages, braies had become less like loincloths, and more like modern bathing trunks. The peasant and laborer did not attempt to keep pace with the changes of fashion but, continued, as a rule, to wear the long braies of their forefathers. The higher ranks how this garment reflected the changes of the mode of outer costumes.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

19세기말부터 진행된 지구온난화를 규정하기 위해서는 기상관측목적의 지표대기온도(Surface air temperature; SAT) 측정이 시작된 19세기말 이전의 온도 자료가 필요하다. 다행히 과거의 지표온도(Ground surface temperature; GST)가 지중으로 전파되어 기록된 시추공 온도자료로 일반적으로 과거 약 1,000년 전까지의 기온변화에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 시추공 온도자료로부터 복원된 과거의 기온변화의 정보는 19세기말부터 시작된 지구온난화를 규정하고 또한 그 이전에 있었던 소빙하기(Little Ice Age)와 중세온난기(Medieval Warm Period) 같은 기후변화를 알아내는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

This paper attempts to reveal little-known pages from the history of relations between the peoples of Central Asia and Korea based on materials derived from written sources and modern scientific literature, as well as from medieval wall paintings from the early medieval Afrasiab Palace of Varhuman, the ruler of Samarkand, and from stone sculptures of Sogdian figures contained in Silla royal tombs. Korea's interest in the western lands led to its contact with Buddhism, which spread and later flourished in all three Korean kingdoms (Koguryo, Paekche and Silla). The spread of Buddhism in turn motivated a number of Korean monks to undertake pilgrimages to India via Central Asia. Hyecho, a young Silla pilgrim, left evidence of his journey via the South China Sea to India in 723 AD. Paul Pelliot discovered a report from Hyecho's journey entitled Notes on Pilgrimage to Five Regions in India (Wang Wu Tianzhuguo zhuan) in the Dunhuang caves in 1908. Hyecho's contributions are worthy of attention, substantially complementing knowledge available for this little-studied period in the history of South and Central Asia. The information contained in Hyecho's manuscript is, in fact, considered the most significant work of the first half of the 8th century. Research regarding the relationship between Central Asia and Korea remains underdeveloped. Existing historical evidence, however, including the above mentioned Samarkand wall paintings, depicts the visits of two Korean ambassadors to Samarkand, and evidence from Silla tombs suggests the presence of diplomatic relations in addition to trade between the two regions. Overall, the history of the relationship between Central Asia and Korea yields new insights into how and why these distant countries sustained trade and diplomatic and cultural exchange during this early period. Taking into account Korea's growing interest in Uzbekistan, especially in its history and culture, this article can act as a catalyst for studying the history of the two country's relations.

• 복식
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2014

This research aims to identify and analyze the expression elements and features of Goth style observed in clothing of unique characters in movies directed by Tim Burton, and to build the database on diverse features movie costumes, so that such data can be used to develop new fashion design. The research-classified features of Goth style into romanticism overturns Satanism, grief, and sensuality. The results are as follow; First, Goth expressed romanticism by reminding the gloom and fear of medieval times through the image of clowns, medieval knights, werewolves and vampires. Second, The costumes in Tim Burton's movies overthrew the rules in reality using flexible changes, ambiguity of gender, distorted human beings, half-man-half-beasts, and ghost images. Furthermore, the positive expression on characters in gloomy and fearful costumes showed the overturn of common idea and value system in a society. Third, Tim Burton created fear using the image of a live dead body, shape of a devil, shape of death. Also, accessories suddenly changed into arms in his movies. He expressed Satanism by positively describing satanic shapes and shapes meaning death. Next, characters in Tim Burton's movies are mainly losers, aliens or outsiders. Sorrow, alienation and darkness inside them expressed the sadness through embodiment of mean animals in darkness, masks, veils and extreme black costumes. Finally, Sensuality was rarely shown in Tim Burton's movies, but expressed in various ways including pursuit of new beauty in excessive exposure, skintight silhouette, suggestion on sexualized violence and frightfulness.