• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of emergency medical technicians' personal traits and job characteristics on job/social stress, job satisfaction, role conflicts, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy. The study population was emergency medical technicians who is working at the hospitals in Yeungnam province. The 200 questionnaires were administered by using ground mail, e-mail, and personal visits and 156 questionnaires were returned(82.5% response rate). Social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts were significantly determined by personal traits and job characteristic variables. However, job stress, organizational commitment and self-efficacy was only significantly determined by job characteristic variables. In social stress and role conflicts, the subjects with challenge, sociability, acceptance and prudence traits were tend to be significantly higher scores compared to the stability traits. Additionally, among social stress regression models, adding job characteristics to the personal traits model, $R^2$ was increased up to 19% and adding personal traits to the job characteristics model, $R^2$ was increased up to 14%. In conclusion, the study found that personal traits and job characteristics are important variables in explaining social stress, job satisfaction and role conflicts, that would have important managerial implications for recruiting, hiring and managing either new or current emergency medical technicians efficiently.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.101-118
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a descriptive research study that aims to identify factors affecting fatigue by examining the degree of emotional labor, job stress, and fatigue of 119 emergency medical technicians (119 EMTs). The correlation between emotional labor, job stress, and fatigue was also confirmed. Methods: A total of 139 EMTs working in the Daejeon area participated in this study. Data were collected from July 6-15, 2021. Results: When the number of dispatches was high and the job was dissatisfying, the degree of emotional labor was high. In addition, the shorter the work experience and the lower the job satisfaction are, the higher the job stress is. The degree of fatigue was significantly higher in female than male 119 EMTs, and when they had short work experience and were dissatisfied with their job, the degree of fatigue was higher. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between emotional labor, job stress, and fatigue of the 119 EMTs. Conclusion: To reduce emotional labor, job stress, and fatigue of 119 EMTs, appropriate interventions for each factor and institutional improvements are required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.354-360
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done for the purpose of identifying the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction of nurses who were evaluating medical insurance. Method: The participants in the study were 154 nurses who were in charge of evaluating medical insurance in 32 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected for 1 month from April 20 to May 20, 2001. Result: The mean total work stress score was 93.79. In comparison with work stress scores according to the work stress factors, 'work overload'(2.95) had the highest work stress score. The mean total job satisfaction score was 69.56. The total work stress scores did not show significant differences for any of the variables. The total job satisfaction score showed significant differences for the variables of age (F=3.51, p=.01), position (F=3.16, p=.02) and reason for transfer from one department to another (F=3.40, p=.003). Conclusion: The total work stress score showed a inverse correlation(v=-.36, p=.001) with the total job satisfaction score.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2014

Extracellular hypotonic stress can affect cellular function. Whether and how hypotonicity affects immune cell function remains to be elucidated. Macrophages are immune cells that play key roles in adaptive and innate in immune reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of hypotonic stress in the function of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Hypotonic stress increased endocytic activity in BMDMs, but there was no significant change in the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules, nor in the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ or IL-10 by BMDMs. Furthermore, the enhanced endocytic activity of BMDMs triggered by hypotonic stress was significantly inhibited by chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) siRNA. Our findings suggest that hypotonic stress can induce endocytosis in BMDMs and that ClC-3 plays a central role in the endocytic process.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was founded to identify the differences of stress responses, according to Sasang Constitutions (the Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin) of highly stressed oriental medicine college students. Methods : The subjects were 76 students who majored in oriental medicine. We processed 'University students Stress Scale', and 'Medical Stress Scale'. We selected 30 students who stressed higher than average. We then processed 'QSCC II (Questionnare for the Sasang Constitution Classification II)' and 'Scale for the Stress Response'. Collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 for windows statistical program. Results : The university students stress score of oriental medicine students was 1.97 that was higher than the other college students. The medical stress score was 2.77, which was similar with other medical college students. The symptoms of stress score was 2.53, which was higher than the others. Particularly, the depressive syndrome and rage syndrome were highly ranked. The frequently appearing symptoms of each type of Sasang Constitutions (the Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin) showed as follows. The Soyangin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional irritability. The Soumin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Depression, Emotional irritability, and cognitive disorganization. The Taeumin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional irritability. However, there was were no significant differences among the results of each constitution. Conclusions : The results show that oriental medicine students have as much stress as other medical college students and there was tendency of showing different patterns of stress response, according to Sasang Constitution, but it's not significantly different.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of job stress and job satisfaction and the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of Medical Aid Client Managers. Method: Data were collected from 185 Medical Aid Client Managers in 234 areas between April 2-15, 2007. Collected data was analyzed for the frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient etc. Results: The average score of job stress was 2.6. Job instability was highest as 2.9 and job autonomy was lowest as 2.2. in eight items. When the job stress of Medical Aid Client Managers was converted to 100 point, the average was 51.7 and ranked in upper 50% of Korean woman workers' job stress. Among the eight items, because the relationship satisfaction and the instability of duty regime ranked in upper 25% of Korean woman workers' job stress, those items were identified to have high stress. The average score of job satisfaction was 2.3 out 4.0 which could be interpreted as unsatisfactory. The correlation between the job stress and the job satisfaction demonstrated significant difference. Decrease of the job satisfaction was associated with increase of the job stress. In regard to the eight items, the inverse correlation was demonstrated to be significant in organization, inappropriate compensation, and workplace culture. Conclusion: Medical Aid Client Managers have high stress in carrying out their duties. They have experienced very severe instability in their duty regime. Also, they have felt alienated from their organization and experienced unfair rewards. They had low duty satisfaction but got a heavy workload and experienced overtime work. To relieve job overburden of Medical Aid Client Managers. it was necessary to improve business system and also was necessary to relieve a regional disparity of business charge.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2001

This study was done to examine the relationship between stress and coping methods of 86 emergency medical technicians with the 1st or 2nd grade qualifications who serve at 36 fire stations in Gwangju and Jeonnam region from Aug. 1 to Aug. 31, 2001. Data collection was done by questionnaire. The research instruments used the stress measure tool developed by Cho Hee et al.(1999) and revised and complemented by the researcher to measure firemen's stress, and health instrument revised by Suh Mi Hye et al(1993). Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using SPSS. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of perceived stress was 3.4. The mean score of coping methods was 2.11. 2. The levels of stress according to the general characteristics of subjects were significantly different at marital status(t=7.054, p=.009) and in relation with organization(t=3.989, p=.049). 3. The relationship between levels of stress and health status was significantly correlated(r=.325, p=.000), and so the hypothesis of this research, "the less levels of stress, the better health status is." was supported. 4. The relationship between stress and health status was significantly different at crisis status(r=.393, p=.000), relation with organization(r=.348, p=.001), the characteristics of subjects(r=.387, p=.000), special knowledge and technology(r=.337, p=.001), and the roll complication as a professional(r=.343, p=.001).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

Objectives: Work stress is associated with increased risk of fatigue. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of work stress and fatigue among Medical Insurance Review Nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 117 nurses in charge of medical insurance review. A structured questionnaires were employed to evaluate the nurses' sociodemographics, work stress and fatigue. The data were analysed through frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, Chronbach's $\alpha$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: Mean scores of work stress and fatigue of participants were 3.29 and 1.97 respectively. Work stress was correlated with fatigue significantly (r=.39). There were effects on fatigue by work performance satisfaction and the frequency of insurance request among sociodemographics. Job conflicts with doctors which was a domain of work stress was increased fatigue. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that work performance satisfaction, the frequency of insurance request and job conflicts with doctors are significant predictors of fatigue. Thus, a strategy to enhance nurses' work environment and to reduce work stress through developing interpersonal relationship is recommended.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

Objectives: Academic stress poses a significant risk for the mental health of medical students, and a feasible group intervention program for managing academic stress is required. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the mental health of Korean medical students. Methods: The class of first-year medical school students (n=36) participated in an after-school EFT group intervention program comprising six sessions (15 minutes/session, three weeks) to analyze its clinical effectiveness as a single-group test-retest clinical study. The changes in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were examined using a paired t-test and Cohen's D at post-EFT and two-week follow-up. Results: There were significant curtailments at post-EFT and follow-up measures in TAI-Total (t=2.704 and t=3.289), TAI-Worry (t=2.297 and t=2.454), TAI-Emotionality (t=2.763 and t=3.654), PSS-Negative Perspective (t=2.659 and t=3.877), and PANAS-Negative Affect (t=2.885 and t=3.259) subscales, however not in PSS-Positive Perspective (t=-1.279 and t=-1.101) and PANAS-Positive Affect (t=0.194 and t=-0.122) subscales. The trait anxiety (t=2.227) was significantly mitigated in the post-EFT measure and the state anxiety (t=2.30) in the follow-up measure. Conclusions: The EFT group intervention alleviated test stress, negative affect, and anxiety in the Korean medical students. This study contributes to an understanding of academic stress and EFT intervention in the competitive environment of medical education.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2018

Objectives : This study developed and validated the local clinic Medical Doctor Role Stress Scale(MDRS). Methods : The interviews were conducted with 12 local clinic medical doctors to develop final preliminary questions. The scale was developed using statistical item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis surveys with local clinic medical doctors in Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, and Gyeonggi province. Results : The MDRS developed in this study consisted of 14 items and three factors. The factors were role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. The three factors explained 56.71% of the total variance, and the internal consistency of this scale was .90. The internal consistency for each factor was .81 ~ .90. Confirmatory factor analysis through a separate sampling met the fit criteria (CFI = .941, TLI = .927, RMSEA = .079, SRMR = .069). Conclusions : The results indicate that this scale is a reliable instrument for assessing local clinic medical doctor role stress.