• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

One of the popular formulations is microemulsion in cosmetics. A kind of microemulsions is liquid crystal emulsion. Liquid crystal emulsion is used by wrapping functional ingredients. As the meaning of the name, Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. There are various types of Liquid crystals (LCs) consisting of micelles or two layer structures of surfactants. Recently, microemulsion has been studied to improve its stability in thermodynamics of colloid science field. In this study, we prepared the microemulsion with PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides and Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate. We studied the microemulsion with different oil types and different and cosurfactant content ratio. Also, the aim of this study is to develop a facial oil or a cleansing oil containing liquid crystal emulsion with functional ingredients.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.2 s.51
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• pp.179-187
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• 2005

The reduced production of domestic cosmetics in 2003, compared to last 5 years shows the recession of cosmetics industry. Under this situation, there has been reorganization on the domestic cosmetic market that low-end cosmetic .products become a trend due to the fact that major cosmetic companies also focus on low-end market since the last half year of 2004. However, it does not seem to be a temporal fashion that the extremely low-end cosmetics had an impact wavelength on cosmetics market. It has important meaning for the brand product strategy. This research focused on analysis of market situation and strategy through investigation of requirement and satisfaction on extremely low-end cosmetics in order to keep and improve it, which stimulated depressed cosmetic market.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2005

Students' alternative concepts of evolution are similar to misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in science history. The aims of this study are to analyze the elementary children's concept in evolution based on science history. Lee (2004)'s two tests were applied to 6th grade to investigate the children's evolution concepts and genetic concepts related to the historical development of the evolution concepts. The test results were analyzed in accordance with 4 stages of science history based on Lee (2004)'s method. These stages are divided to stage 1 (Before Lamarck), stage 2 (Lamarck), stage 3 (Darwin), stage 4 (After Darwin). The major results are as follows. Most of elementary school children are fixed to the stage 2. They usually do not show the consistency of evolution concepts in the three dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subjects. Many children do not have concrete meaning of gene, inheritance, sexual reproduction, mutation and could not connect these concetps and process of evolution. Also, they believe the inheritance of acquired traits and spontaneous generation. Therefore it is confirmed that they still have similar misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in transition time between stage 2 and 3 and most of children already have strong Lamarckian thought acquired from daily life experience before learning about natural selection and evolution.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 1999

The history of make-up can go back to the beginning of human being and it can’t be separated from women’s life. The change of history and women's position have given make-up different form and meanings. So make-up becomes another text which can read social·cultural specialty. This study has tried to find out make-up as women culture for women have experienced make-up in a specific situation for a long time and a suit of make-up experience from self-retrospect and made an open channel for women and this paper checked out the possibility of alternative make-up culture. This research used new audience theory of cultural studies which is used for communication study and studied active meaning-construction process and its resistance pleasure. This study saw women as independent subjects not passive victims and how make-up has been different meanings in women’s life. And what pleasure is made and how the way of resistance made constructed in the regulation of make-up.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2013

Oil in water nanoemulsion of astaxanthin was prepared by high pressure homogenization. The emulsifying conditions including emulsifier type, concentration and astaxanthin concentration were optimized. Stability of nanoemulsion was measured using zetasizer, freeze-fracture scanning electron microscope (FF-SEM), particle analyzer and colorimeter. The mean diameter of the dispersed particles containing astaxanthin ranged from 160 to 190 nm. Size distribution was unimodal and extended from 40 to 200 nm. The nanoemulsion prepared by glyceryl citrate/lactate/linoleate/oleate had smaller particle size and narrow size distribution. Stable incorporation of astaxanthin in nanoemulsion was performed and checked using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), freeze-fracture scanning electron microscope (FF-SEM). Physical stability of nanoemulsion was not significantly changed during storage at both light and thermal condition for a month with zeta potential value of -41 mV meaning stable colloid.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

In its global meaning language translation refers to the process whereby a program which is executable in one computer can be executed in another computer directly to obtain the same result. There are four different ways of approaching translation. The first way is translation by a Translator or a Compier, the second way is Interpretation, the third way is Simulation, the last way is Emulation. This paper introduces the M-C Translator which was designed as the first way of translation. The MUSS 80 language (the subsystem of the UNIVAC Solid State 80 S-4 assembly language system) was chosen as the source language which includes forty-three instructions, using the CYBER COMPASS as the object language. The M-C translator is a two pass translator and is a two pas translator and es written in Fortran Extended language. For this M-C Translation, seven COMPASS subroutines and a set of thirty-five macros were prepared. Each executable source instruction corresponds to a macro, so it will be a macro instruction within the object profram. Subroutines are used to retain and handle the source data representation the same way in the object program as in the source system, and are used to convert the decimal source data into the equivalent binary result into the equivalent USS-80digits before and after arithmetic operations. The source instructions can be classified into three categories. First, therd are some instructions which are meaningless in the object system and are therefore unnecessary to translate, and the remaining instructions should be translated. Second, There are some instructions are required to indicate dual address portions. Third, there are Three instructions which have overflow conditions, which are lacking in the remaining instructions. The construction and functions of the M-C Translator, are explained including some of the subroutines, and macros. The problems, difficulties and the method of solving them, and easier features on this translation are analysed. The study of how to save memory and time will be continued.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to clarify the specific terms of epistemic and epistemological by reviewing the literature on epistemological understanding of science learning, examine the necessity of epistemic discourse analysis based on the view of social epistemology, and provide an exemplar of practical epistemology analysis for elementary children's science learning. The review was conducted in terms of meaning and terminology about epistemic or epistemological approach to science learning, epistemology of/for science, and methodologies for epistemic discourse analysis. As an alternative way of epistemic discourse analysis in science classroom I employed practical epistemology analysis (by Wickman), evidence-explanation continuum (by Duschl), and DREEC diagram (by Maeng et al.). The methods were administered to an elementary science class for the third grade where children observed sedimentary rocks. Through the outcomes of analysis I sought to understand the processes how children collected data by observation, identified evidence, and constructed explanations about rocks. During the process of practical epistemology analysis the cases of four categories, such as encounter, stand-fast, gap, and relation, were identified. The sequence of encounter, stand fast, gap, and relation showed how children observed sedimentary rocks and how they came to learn the difference among the rocks. The epistemic features of children's observation discourse, although different from scientists' discourses during their own practices, showed data-only conversation, evidence-driven conversation, or explanation inducing conversation. Thus I argue even elementary children are able to construct their own knowledge and their epistemic practices are productive.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.109-145
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• 2004

Social scientists in North America, especially anthropologists, folklorists and linguists, who focus on the study language use and its connection to society, use a variety of labels to describe what they do. Among the best known are 'anthropological linguistics' , 'linguistic anthropology', and 'sociolinguistics'. All of these labels imply that their focus is on the study of language usage in society and culture for their teaching, research and publications. In this paper I am examining the intellectual issues and history that underlie the differences in the labels. The differences and similarities that characterize them are discussed. The author proposes 'linguistic anthropology' as the most useful disciplinary terminology if the study of language combined with culture is to be 'community-centric' and not only 'profession-centric' . He encourages a renewed focus on working with communities. Also, a need to find ways to engage Indigenous members of minority language communities more actively should be a primary goal in the process of 'academic' language work. This is important due to the loss rapid extinction of the many of the world's languages. The author points out that it does matter what we call the work we do, as a label may carry a message of meaning, intent and focus.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2017

A program analysis of a large-scale open-source software repository has a significant meaning in that it allows us to examine the changes and improvements of the software in repositories, and this brings more reliable results based on a large amount of programs. In this paper, we introduce a new static analysis framework WALABOA, which enables a scalable static analysis of large-scale software repositories. In addition, we show new findings from applying WALABOA, together with a module comparing the analysis results from a static analysis and a dynamic analysis, in evaluation of the field-based analysis, one of JavaScript static analysis techniques used in WALA.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.412-427
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• 2008

We propose ID-exchange protocol for Connectionless Location-Awareness Service (CLAS) to locate mobile nodes in indoor sensor network. When adapting location-awareness service to sensor network, the target system must be designed in accordance with various metrics which reflect the system requirement. We especially consider sustainability of the existing service which has been provided for its original purpose, such as environmental monitoring. The detailed meaning of sustainability here is that, even if location-awareness service is newly added to the existing service, the system must be assured to retain a stable network condition, and to deal with newly caused traffic properly. The CLAS ID-exchange protocol is especially designed for fixture and mobile nodes communication to achieve these properties. The protocol operates on 802.15.4 MAC layer to make mobile node work independently of the procedure to build routing table of fixture node, so a stable routing condition can be achieved even if there are many mobile nodes. Moreover, the dedicated frequency channel is assigned only for this protocol, so that traffic caused by location-awareness service can be distributed to another channel. A real system adapting the protocol was implemented to monitor fire and authorities' positions. We verified the overhead and elapsed time for location-awareness. The result shows the proposed protocol has a high performance in detecting speed, traffic distribution, and stability of overall network.