• Title/Summary/Keyword: mean $F_0$

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APPROXIMATE CONVEXITY WITH RESPECT TO INTEGRAL ARITHMETIC MEAN

  • Zoldak, Marek
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.1829-1839
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    • 2014
  • Let (${\Omega}$, $\mathcal{S}$, ${\mu}$) be a probabilistic measure space, ${\varepsilon}{\in}\mathbb{R}$, ${\delta}{\geq}0$, p > 0 be given numbers and let $P{\subset}\mathbb{R}$ be an open interval. We consider a class of functions $f:P{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$, satisfying the inequality $$f(EX){\leq}E(f{\circ}X)+{\varepsilon}E({\mid}X-EX{\mid}^p)+{\delta}$$ for each $\mathcal{S}$-measurable simple function $X:{\Omega}{\rightarrow}P$. We show that if additionally the set of values of ${\mu}$ is equal to [0, 1] then $f:P{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ satisfies the above condition if and only if $$f(tx+(1-t)y){\leq}tf(x)+(1-t)f(y)+{\varepsilon}[(1-t)^pt+t^p(1-t)]{\mid}x-y{\mid}^p+{\delta}$$ for $x,y{\in}P$, $t{\in}[0,1]$. We also prove some basic properties of such functions, e.g. the existence of subdifferentials, Hermite-Hadamard inequality.

NBU- $t_{0}$ Class 에 대한 검정법 연구

  • 김환중
    • Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2000
  • A survival variable is a nonnegative random variable X with distribution function F and a survival function (equation omitted)=1-F. This variable is said to be New Better than Used of specified age $t_{0}$ if (equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 and a fixed to. We propose the test for $H_{0}$ : (equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 against $H_1$:(equation omitted) for all $\chi$$\geq$0 when the specified age $t_{0}$ is unknown but can be estimated from the data when $t_{0}$=${\mu}$, the mean of F, and also when $t_{0}$=$\xi_p$, the pth percentile of F. This test statistic, which is based on a linear function of the order statistics from the sample, is readily applied in the case of small sample. Also, this test statistic is more simple than the test statistic of Ahmad's test statistic (1998). Finally, the performance of this test is presented.

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The Phonatory Characteristics of the Profound Hearing-Impaired Adults' Voice: with Reference to F0, Intensity, and their Perturbations (심도 청각장애 성인의 발성 특성: 강도, 음도, 및 그 변동율을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Eun-Ah;Park, Han-Sang;Seong, Cheol-Jae
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 2009
  • This study investigates the differences in mean F0, intensity, jitter and shimmer across hearing aid, gender and vowels. For this study, 20 hearing-impaired adults and 20 normal hearing adults as a control group were asked to read 7 Korean vowels(/$\alpha$, $\Lambda$, o, u, ɯ, i, $\varepsilon$/). Subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. Results showed that the means of F0 were significantly higher in the hearing impaired group(HL) than in the normal hearing group(NH), in the female group than in male group, and in high vowels than in low vowels. Second, intensity was significantly higher in the normal hearing group(NH) than in the hearing impaired group(HL), in male group than in female group, and in low vowels than in high vowels. Third, jitter was significantly higher in the normal hearing group(NH) than in the hearing impaired group(HL), and in female group than in male group and in the back vowels than in front vowels. Finally, shimmer was significantly higher in the normal hearing group(NH) than in the hearing impaired group(HL), and in male group than in female group. In particular, the male group showed that front vowels tend to have higher shimmer than back vowels.

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A Comparison of Voice Analysis of Children with Cochlear Implant and with Normal Hearing (인공와우이식 아동과 건청 아동의 음성 분석 비교)

  • Yoon, Misun;Choi, Eunah;Sung, Youngju
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic voice outcomes of children with cochlear implant to those of children with normal hearing. Participants were 41 children using unilateral cochlear implant (18 males and 23 females), and children with normal hearing from the same age and sex. Mean age of implantation was approximately 3 years old, mean duration of implant use was 4 years in CI group. Acoustic analyses were performed using MDVP of CSL. Speech samples were 3 sustained vowels, /a, i, u/. 9 parameters (F0, Fhi, Flo, Jitter, Shimmer, vF0, vAm, NHR, and SPI) were analyzed. Children with CI did not show the significant differences in those parameters after the vowel /a/ phonation. Meanwhile, there were significantly different results in F0, Fhi, vF0, and SPI after /i, u/ phonation. These results revealed that differences of voice characteristics in children with CI compare to children with NH persist regarding vowel context. It suggests that high vowels would recommend as speech samples for acoustic evaluation. Futhermore perceptual analysis and speech therapy for phonation control would be necessary for children with CI.

Prosodic pattern of the children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder according to sentence type (문장유형에 따른 고기능 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 운율 특성)

  • Shin, Hee Baek;Choi, Jieun;Lee, YoonKyoung
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the prosodic pattern of the children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder(HFASD) according to sentence type. The participants were 18 children aged from 7 - 9 years; 9 children with HFASD and 9 typical development children(TD) of the same chronological age with HFASD children. Sentence reading tasks were conducted in this study. Seven interrogative sentences and 7 declarative sentences were presented to the participants and were asked to read the sentences three times. Mean values of F0, F0 range, intensity, speech rate and pitch contour were measured for each sentence. The results showed that for F0 range, significant main effect and interaction effect were observed in the subject group and sentence type. There were significant differences in intensity, mean F0, speech rate, pitch contour across sentence types. The results of this study indicated that HFASD showed no difference in intonation across sentence types. Speakers' intention may have a negative effect on pragmatic aspects. These results suggest that the assessment and intervention of prosody be important for HFASD.

The Phonatory Characteristics of Voice in Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Children: with Reference to F0, Intensity, and their Perturbations (심도 청각장애 아동의 발성특성: 강도, 음도 및 그 변동률을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Eun-Ah;Park, Han-Sang;Seong, Cheol-Jae
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2010
  • This study investigates the differences in mean F0, intensity, jitter, and shimmer across hearing aid, gender, and vowels. For this study, 18 hearing-impaired children, 18 cochlear implanted children, and 18 normal hearing children as a control group were asked to read seven Korean vowels (/$\alpha$, $\wedge$, o, u, w, i, $\varepsilon$/). Subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. Results showed that the means of F0 were significantly higher in the hearing impaired group than in the normal hearing group; in the female group than in the male group; and in high vowels than in low vowels. Second, intensity was significantly higher in the hearing impaired group than in the normal hearing group; in the female group than in the male group; and in low vowels than in high vowels. Third, jitter was significantly higher in the normal hearing group than in the hearing impaired group; in the female group than in the male group; and in back vowels than in front vowels. Finally, shimmer was significantly higher in the CI group than in the normal hearing group or the hearing aided group; in the male group than in the female group; and in low vowels than in high vowels.

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A Study on the Relationship between Stress Responses and Self-Esteem : Senior High School Students Preparing for College Entrance Examination (대입 수험생의 스트레스반응양상과 자아존중감과의 관계에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Eun-Jung;Kim, Keum-Soon
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.157-169
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    • 2001
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate stress responses of senior high school students(examines) preparing for college entrance examination and to identify the relationship between stress responses and self-esteem. The subjects of this study were 261 senior high school students from three high schools located in three different Gu Seoul Korea. Data were collected from 19th to 27th march, 1998. Stress responses were measured by SOS (symptoms of stress) inventory and self- esteem was measured by Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. The mean SOS score of subjects was 1.22 and that showed statistically significant according to gender difference (t=-6.00, P<0.0001) and father's occupations (F=3.10, P=0.006). 2. The mean self-esteem score was 2.77 and that showed statistically significant difference according to economic status(F=3.96, P=0.02) and father's occupations (F=2.71, P=0.01). 3. There was significant negative correlation between the mean SOS score and the mean self-esteem score(r=-0.31, P=0.0001). In conclusion, the examines had very high physiological and psychological stress responses and especially female showed higher stress responses than male. For this reason, school nurses are recommended (1)to develop appropriate stress management technique, (2) to provide more intensive care for health of female examines Nursing intervention should be developed for enhancing self-esteem of examines because self-esteem is negatively correlated with SOS.

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Prosodic Characteristics of Politeness in Korean (한국어에서의 공손함을 나타내는 운율적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Ko Hyun-ju;Kim Sang-Hun;Kim Jong-Jin
    • MALSORI
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    • no.45
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2003
  • This study is a kind of a preliminary study to develop naturalness of dialog TTS system. In this study, as major characteristics of politeness in Korean, temporal(total duration of utterances, speech rate and duration of utterance final syllables) and F0(mean F0, boundary tone pattern, F0 range) features were discussed through acoustic analysis of recorded data of semantically neutral sentences, which were spoken by ten professional voice actors under two conditions of utterance type - namely, normal and polite type. The results show that temporal characteristics were significantly different according to the utterance type but F0 characteristics were not.

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Extraction of Speech Features for Emotion Recognition (감정 인식을 위한 음성 특징 도출)

  • Kwon, Chul-Hong;Song, Seung-Kyu;Kim, Jong-Yeol;Kim, Keun-Ho;Jang, Jun-Su
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2012
  • Emotion recognition is an important technology in the filed of human-machine interface. To apply speech technology to emotion recognition, this study aims to establish a relationship between emotional groups and their corresponding voice characteristics by investigating various speech features. The speech features related to speech source and vocal tract filter are included. Experimental results show that statistically significant speech parameters for classifying the emotional groups are mainly related to speech sources such as jitter, shimmer, F0 (F0_min, F0_max, F0_mean, F0_std), harmonic parameters (H1, H2, HNR05, HNR15, HNR25, HNR35), and SPI.

Analysis of Phonatory Aerodynamic & E.G.G. during Passaggio of the Trained Male Singers (남성성악가의 Vocal Register Transition(Passaggio)시 공기역학적 변화와 EGG의 변화 연구)

  • Nam, Do-Hyun;Choi, Seong-Hee;Choi, Jae-Nam;Choi, Hong-Shik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2004
  • Vocal Register Transition(Passaggio) is one of the most important vocal technique for classically trined male singers(tenor). Passaggio is that it bridges the chest register to head register without a noticeable voice break. Vocalist gest the feeling that voice is not locked a particular register. The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference between easy($B_3$) tone and non passaggio(F#_4$) & passaggio(F#_4$). We selected 6 trained singers(tenor), who had more than 12.6 years of experience and were well trained in passaggio technique. Simulataneous measurement was performed frequency(F0), mean flow rate(MFR), intensity(I), and subglottal pressure(Psub) using a phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and Closed Quotient(CQ), Jitter, Shimmer, NHR a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngogrph Lt, London, UK) and vocal efficiency was calculated by Carroll's method. For the tenor, target tone/a/was measured in three conditions : 1) easy phonation : $B_3$, 2) high tone without passaggio : F#_4$, 3) high tone with passaggio : F#_4$). The results revealed that F0 of the target tones between non-passaggio group and passaggio group were not significantly different though higher is F0, higher is subglottal pressure. And also CQ, MFR, Psub were increased in passagio than nonpssagio but these values were not statistically different. This study concluded that passaggio is the vocal technique to make the same quality of tone between chest register and head register in tenor.

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