• 제목/요약/키워드: maximal function

검색결과 410건 처리시간 0.029초

정상인과 식도발성 음성에서의 공기역학적 비교 연구 (The Aerodynamic Analysis between Normal Voice and Esophageal Voice)

  • 박국진;최홍식;정형진;유신영;박준호;김한수
    • 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.5-10
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    • 1998
  • Voice rehabilitation is very important concerning in laryngectomees. Esophageal speech is a common and widely used method of voice restoration. But, until now there is no reliable data which shows the aerodynamic characteristics of esophageal speech. In order to evaluate the vocal quality of normal laryngeal and esophageal speech, several aerodynamic parameters were measured in 13 adults with normal laryngeal voice and 2 excellent esophageal speakers using Aerophone II voice function analyzer. The examined parameters were maximal flow rate, mean airflow rate, subglottic pressure, vocal efficiency, glottic resistance, maximal phonation time and mean sound pressure level. In vocal efficiency, there is no difference between two groups, but in other parameters, marked differences were showed in esophageal speakers, especially mean resistance. Results indicates that esophageal speakers make the efficient voices with poor aerodynamic condition, comparing with normal laryngeal speakers.

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OPTIMAL PROBLEM OF REGULAR COST FUNCTION FOR RETARDED SYSTEM

  • Jong-Yeoul Park;Jin-Mun Jeong;Young-Chel Kwun
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.115-126
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    • 1998
  • We study the optimal control problem of system governed by retarded functional differential $$ x'(t) = A_0 x(t) + A_1 x(t - h) + \\ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner_{-h}^{0} a(s)A_2 x(t + s)ds + B_0 u(t) $$ in Hilbert space H. After the fundamental facts of retarded system and the description of condition so called a weak backward uniqueness property are established, the technically important maximal principle and the bang-bang principle are given. its corresponding linear system.

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SINGULAR AND MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRAL OPERATORS ON PRODUCT DOMAINS

  • Badriya Al-Azri;Ahmad Al-Salman
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.401-430
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, we prove Lp estimates of a class of singular integral operators on product domains along surfaces defined by mappings that are more general than polynomials and convex functions. We assume that the kernels are in L(log L)2 (𝕊n-1 × 𝕊m-1). Furthermore, we prove Lp estimates of the related class of Marcinkiewicz integral operators. Our results extend as well as improve previously known results.

ON COVERING AND QUOTIENT MAPS FOR 𝓘𝒦-CONVERGENCE IN TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

  • Debajit Hazarika;Ankur Sharmah
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.267-280
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    • 2023
  • In this article, we show that the family of all 𝓘𝒦-open subsets in a topological space forms a topology if 𝒦 is a maximal ideal. We introduce the notion of 𝓘𝒦-covering map and investigate some basic properties. The notion of quotient map is studied in the context of 𝓘𝒦-convergence and the relationship between 𝓘𝒦-continuity and 𝓘𝒦-quotient map is established. We show that for a maximal ideal 𝒦, the properties of continuity and preserving 𝓘𝒦-convergence of a function defined on X coincide if and only if X is an 𝓘𝒦-sequential space.

피록시캄 겔의 음파영동이 원심성 운동-유발 근 손상의 기능회복에 미치는 효과 (Effects on Functional Recovery of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage by Phonophoresis of Piroxicam Gel)

  • 최석주;김태열;송명수;김영일;문성기
    • 대한임상전기생리학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2003
  • This study was investigated the effects on functional recovery of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by phonophoresis transdermal permeation of piroxicam gel and observed the change of amplitude at muscle action potential. Through eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, performed healthy men and women take eccentric resistance exercise and measured action, potentials. The subjects were divided into three groups of four men each 24 hour, 48 hour, 72 hour. The results of this were as follows: 1. Change of maximal action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more than control group and gel group. 2. Change of average action potential at maximal voluntary contraction : The gel group was increase more than control group and phonophoresis group. 3. Change of maximal action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. 4. Change of average action potential at pain subthreshold voluntary contraction : The phonophoresis group was increase more significantly than control group and gel group. In conclusion, the change of muscle action potential amplitude by eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage showed that the phonophoresis by pulsed ultrasound of piroxicam gel was improved the recovery of muscle function.

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무미양서류의 도약속도와 다리근육의 동력 및 수축속도와의 관계 (Relationship of Maximal Take-off Speed to Power and Shortening llelocitv of Hindlimb Muscle in Anuran Amphibians)

  • 최인호
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.132-138
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    • 1996
  • To learn how maximal locomotory speed of animals is defined in terms of hindlimb structure and muscle contractile function, take-off speed, hindlimb length, thigh muscle mass, shortening velocity and power of the sastrocnemius muscle were measured with one fast species, Rono nigromaculota and one relatively slowresponding species, Bombina orientalis. Take-off speed (m.sec-1) was greater in R. nigromoculata $(2.4\pm0.2SD, $ n: 14) than in the Bombino $(1.6\pm0.1SD, $ n=8). Stvle of the take-off response was a long-iump type in the Rano and a short-ranged hopping in the Bombing. Faster take-off capacity of the ranid frogs was supported by the longer hindlimb length (relative to body length) and the more massive thigh muscles (relative to body mass), compared to the Bombina. Further, the ranids exhibited faster maximal shortening velocity and Breater maximal power generateion than the Bombina [Vmax $(ML.sec-1)=11.79\pm1.69SD$ for the Runa and $9.74\pm1.27SD$ for the Bombina; Pmax $nW.kg-1)=222.42\pm42.42SD$ for the Rono and $169.03\pm34.52SD$ for the Bombinal. With more massive thigh muscles and greater mechanical power, the ranids would generate greater total power and thus higher energy release per unit time to muscle tissues for the burst take-off. As a consequence, biomechanical properties seen in the ranids seem to be more effective for frost take-off than in the Bombina.

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태아심음주기의 검출을 위한 고해상 피치 검출 알고리즘 (High Resolution Pitch Determination Algorithm for Fetal Heart Rate Extraction)

  • 이응구;이두수
    • 전자공학회논문지B
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    • 제31B권2호
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 1994
  • Fetal monitoring is a routine procedure to obtain a record of physiologic functions during pregnancy and labor. It is required to determine fetal heart frequency accurately. There are various types of fetal heart rate(FHR) determination and the most frequently applied method is transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. However, in the case of weak or noise corrupted Doppler ultrasound signals, conventional peak detections and the autocorrelation function method have many difficulties to determine FHR precisely. Also the autocorrelation function is effected by threshold level and window size. To solve these problems, the high resolution pitch determination algorinthm is introduced to detect FHR from Doppler ultrasound signals. This scheme digitally processes Doppler ultrasound signal for digital rectification, envelope detection, decimation and correlation calculation of two interconnected segments and then FHR is determined by its maximal value. Even in the case of a greatly smeared noise signal, this algorithm is able to search FHR more accurately than autocorrelation function by means of compensating FHR with a constant correlation threshold. This algorithm is simulated by 386-MATLAB on PC 486/DX and verified that it is superior to the autocorrelation function method.

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저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 II급 부정교합자의 비교 연구 (AN ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN NORMAL OCCLUSION AND CLASS II MALOCCLUSION)

  • 김연경;이기수;박영국
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.389-412
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    • 1992
  • Along with form and function relationship of craniofacial growth comes a concern for the masticatory muscles with postnormal occlusion. It is the aim of this study to grope the certain differences upon the electromyographic activities of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and class II malocclusion during the varieties of oral functions. 26 persons of normal occlusion whose mean age were 18.9-25.6 years and another 26 persons of class II malocclusion whose mean age were 19.0-28.9 years served for this study. The electromyographic recordings processed by $Medelec^{\circledR}$ MS 25 EMG apparatus were taken from the anterior and posterior temporal, and anterior and posterior masseter muscles of both sides, and suprahyoid muscles as well. Analyses of the data toward such specific activities as mandibular rest, maximal biting, chewing gums and swallowing peanuts turned out the following summary and conclusions. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the posterior temporalis showed significant augmentation in class II malocclusion, however the anterior temporalis, posterior masseter, and suprahyoid muscles manifested meaningful diminutions. 2. Stronger posterior temporalis and weaker anterior masseter and suprahyoid muscles were arranged in maximal biting with parameters of maximal mean amplitude. 3. The anterior temporalis of working side expressed smaller maximal mean amplitude in class II malocclusion. Significant swelling in duration were shown at anterior and posterior temporalis of working side, and posterior temporalis of balancing side in class II malocclusion, and marked reduction at anterior masseter of balancing side and posterior masseter of working side as well. The lessened latency were expressed at anterior masseter of working side, and anterior and posterior masseter of balancing side. Class II malocclusion group had significant prolongation of silent period duration. Mean silent period duration of 10.75 msec in normal occlusion and 24.37 msec in class II malocclusion were calculated. 4. Significant augmentations of maximal mean amplitude while swallowing peanuts were yielded at right anterior temporalis and posterior temporalis of both sides, however left anterior masseter and right posterior masseter showed diminution. No significant differences in duration showed at every muscle examined in class II malocclusion group.5. Weaker masseter and stronger temporalis were suggested as characteristics of class II malocclusion.

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유지관리기 치주환자의 전치 및 소구치에서 잔존 치조골량에 따른 교합력의 비교 연구 (A comparative study of bite force associated with remaining bone level in anterior and premolar teeth at periodontal maintenance phase)

  • 송규원;임성빈;정진형
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.643-653
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    • 2002
  • Periodontal supporting tissue goes through destruction by chronic inflammatory periodontal disease as two aspect. One is qualitive aspect such as alteration of periodontium, the other is quantitative aspect such as alveolar bone loss. According to many authors, PDL is responsible for biting force, and there are two mean. for measuring PDL's function - mobility test and biting force test. This study was conducted to compare the biting force with remaining bone level, that is, quantitative aspect of periodontium, in anterior and premolar teeth at periodontal maintenance phase. 17 patients on periodontal maintenance phase during 6 months at minimum were selected for this study. For the same condition, 4 anterior, canine, premolar teeth were tested by MPM-3000 bite-force register at the same time(a.m.l0-12), the same position, the same posture, by the same examiner. Patients of TMI), ill-fitting pros thesis, general disease, malocclusion and the teeth of TFO, absence of opposing teeth, malposition were excluded. Remaining bone level was measured on the panorama X-ray film through 5 level from 1mm below CEJ to root apex. Teeth were examined twice, and bigger one was selected. If the values showed large difference. examinatin was re-done and the mean was selected. The results were as follows ; 1. In the 4 anterior group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 2. In the canine group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 2/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.01). 3. In the premolar group, as the remaining bone is decreased, the average of maximal biting force is decreased. Especially, at 3/5 bone level, maximal biting force is decreased significantly(p<0.05). From the results of this study, clinicians could utilize these efficiently when they have to determine the proper restorative materials, time for tooth extraction, treatment plan, prognosis.

Treadmill 최대 운동시 Impedance 심장기록법의 개선에 의한 마라톤 선수의 심박출량과 산소소비량과의 관계 (Relationship between Oxygen Uptake and Cardiac Output on Maximal Treadmill Exercise in Marathoners by Improved Impedance Cardiography)

  • 강두희;황수관;연동수;유선희;김덕원
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.249-260
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    • 1990
  • Maximal cardiac output and oxygen uptake $(VO_{2max})$ were measured during treadmill exercise for seven top-class marathoners and nine non-athletes using impedance cardiograph developed by one of the authors (DW Kim). Results of this study are summarized as belows. 1) New shoes with sponge and silicon rubber attached to the soles were developed to reduce motion artifact during treadmill exercise. Ensemble everaging techneque with the developed shoes was also used to improve the measurement of stroke volume using impedance cardiography. 2) Maximal cardiac output of the athletes, 14.98 L/min, was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 13.46 L/min. As maximal heart rate of the marathoners is lower than that of non-athletes, stroke volume of the former is significantly larger than that of the latter. 3) $VO_{2max}$ of the marathoners, 59.38 ml/kg/min, was higher than that of the non-athletes, 40.22 ml/kg/min. At the anaerobic threshold. $VO_{2max}$ of the former was 62.3% of $VO_{2max}$ and this was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes, 57.2%, This results indicates that the marathoners have higher aerobic capacity than the non-athletes. 4) The marathoners showed larger $VO_2$ than the non-athletes at the same cardiac output, indicating that a-v $O_2$ of the former is higher than that of the latter. 5) Maximal systolic pressure of the marathoners was higher than that of the non-athletes, and so was maximal rate-pressure products. These results indicate that heart oxygen consumption rate $(hVO_2)$ of the marathoner is higher than that of the non-athletes is mainly due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to higher stroke volume. And higher oxygen consumption of the marathoners is due to their larger a-v $O_2$. The marathoners show both higher threshold and $VO_{2max}$. Especially, measurement of cardiac output during treadmill exercise by improved impedance cardiography is expected to contribute in study of cardiac function of athletes.

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