• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

Purpose: To aid in determining the volume of graft bone required before a maxillary sinus lift procedure and compare the alveolar bone height measurements taken by panoramic radiographs to those by CT images. Materials and Methods : Data obtained by both panoramic radiographs and CT examination of 25 patients were used in this study. Maxillary sinus volumes from the antral floor to heights of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm, were calculated. Alveolar bone height was measured on the panoramic images at each maxillary tooth site and corrected by magnification rate (PBH). Available bone height (ABH) and full bone height (FBH) was measured on reconstructed CT images. PBH was compared with ABH and FBH at the maxillary incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Results: Volumes of the inferior portion of the sinuses were 0.55 ± 0041 ㎤ for 5 mm lifts, 2.11 ± 0.68 ㎤ for 10 mm, 4.26 ± 1.32 ㎤ for 15 mm, 6.95 ± 2.01 ㎤ for 20 mm. For the alveolar bone measurement, measurements by panoramic images were longer than available bone heights determined by CT images at the incisor and canine areas, and shorter than full bone heights on CT images at incisor, premolar, and molar areas (p<0.001). Conclusion: In bone grafting of the maxillary sinus floor, 0.96 ㎤ or more is required for a 5 mm-lift, 2.79 ㎤ or more for a 10 mm-lift, 5.58 ㎤ or more for a 15 mm-lift, and 8.96 ㎤ or more for a 20 mm-lift. Maxillary implant length determined using panoramic radiograph alone could result in underestimation or overestimation, according to the site involved.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2005

1. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increases the risk of maxillary sinus complications. 2. Study design. An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of eight adult female mongrel dogs in a way that it penetrated the bone and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor to the extent of 2 mm, 4 mm, or 8 mm. The implants were left in place for six months. 3. Results. Radiographic and histologic examinations did not show any signs of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus of the eight dogs. 4. Conclusion. This study indicates that implant protrusion into the maxillary sinus cavity is not related to the development of sinus complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to estimate absorbed dose of each important anatomic site of phantom (RT-2l0 Head & Neck Section/sup R/, Humanoid Systems Co., U.S.A.) head in occlusal radiography. X-radiation dosimetry at 12 anatomic sites in maxillary anterior topography, maxillary posterior topography, mandibular anterior cross-section, mandibular posterior cross-section, mandibular anterior topographic, mandibular posterior topographic occlusal projection was performed with calcium sulfate thermoluminescent dosimeters under 70Kvp and 15mA, 1/4 second (8 inch cone) and 1 second (16 inch cone) exposure time. The results obtained were as follows: Skin surface produced highest absorbed dose ranged between 3264 mrad and 4073 mrad but there was little difference between projections. In maxillary anterior topographic occlusal radiography, eyeballs, maxillary sinuses, and pituitary gland sites produced higher absorbed doses than those of other sites. In maxillary posterior topographic occlusal radiography, exposed eyeball site and exposed maxillary sinus site produced high absorbed doses. In mandibular anterior cross-sectional occlusal radiography, all sites were produced relatively low absorbed dose except eyeball sites. In mandibular posterior cross-sectional occlusal radiography, exposed eyeball site and exposed maxillary sinus site were produced relatively higher absorbed doses than other sites. In mandibular anterior topographic occlusal radiography, maxillary sinuses, submandibular glands, and thyroid gland sites produced high absorbed doses than other sites. In mandibular posterior topographic occlusal radiography, submandibular gland site of the exposed side produced high absorbed dose than other sites and eyeball site of the opposite side produced relatively high absorbed dose.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.30.1-30.7
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• 2020

Background: Dental studies of precocious puberty have focused on examination of jaw and dentition growth. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between precocious puberty and maxillary dental developmental abnormalities (DDAs). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the Korean patients in whom dental panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs had been taken before they were 15 years of age. The maxillary DDAs were assessed as mesiodens, congenital missing teeth, peg-shape lateral incisors, or impacted teeth. The chronological ages of the control group members were within the normal range of the hand-wrist bone age. Others with a peak luteinizing hormone of ≥ 5 and < 5 IU/L were allocated to central precocious puberty (CPP) and peripheral precocious puberty (PPP), respectively. Results: Of the enrolled 270 patients, 195, 52, and 23 were allocated to the control, CPP, and PPP groups, respectively. The maxillary DDAs were significantly more prevalent in the CPP group than in the other groups. Among those with maxillary DDA, the mesiodens predominated. Age- and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis revealed maxillary DDA (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.60-7.05) and especially mesiodens (odds ratio, 5.52; CI, 2.29-13.28) to be significantly associated with CPP. Conclusions: Maxillary DDAs were significantly more prevalent in the CPP group than in the PPP or control groups. Among the many types of maxillary DDAs, mesiodens was significantly associated with CPP and may be considered a predictor of the development of CPP.

• Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2018

Background and Objectives : Unilateral maxillary sinus lesions are relatively common but may occur in variety of causes. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are needed. The aim of this study is to review patients with unilateral maxillary sinus lesion who underwent surgical treatment and to analyze causes and characteristics of unilateral maxillary sinus lesions with literature review. Materials and Methods : A retrospective chart analysis was completed on 318 patients with unilateral maxillary sinus lesions who underwent surgical treatment from January, 2008 through May, 2018. Clinical history and data such as age, sex, symptoms of initial, radiologic and dental finding, operation type were collected from medical record. Results : Patients mean age was 50.7 years with slight male gender dominance. Most common type was sinusitis (42.7%), followed by odontogenic sinusitis (22.3%) and fungal ball (19.5%). In particular, the most common cause of odontogenic sinusitis was post dental surgery such as implant. Middle meatal antrostomy (90.9%) was accounted for a great part of surgery underwent to patients. Patients complained of post nasal discharge (62.9%), nasal obstruction (40.9%) and odor smell(35.2%) most commonly. Periapical lucency (35.8%) was the most common in CT finding followed by implant perforation (17.3%) and oroantral fistula (12.3%) in odontogenic sinusitis. Conclusions : Unilateral maxillary sinus lesions are relatively common, but they are increasing recently with dental procedures such as implant surgery, and serious adverse effects due to malignant tumors or improper treatment may occur, so accurate diagnosis and treatment are needed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2021

Purpose: The pulp length to width (PL/W) ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor can be used as an age determination method. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiographs and human chronological age in Indonesian subjects. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed with 134 maxillary lateral incisors on 113 panoramic radiographs from patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Unit of Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2018 (age range: between 11 to 60 years). The pulp length was measured from the pulp chamber roof to the apical foramen, and the pulp width was measured on the cervical area of the cementoenamel junction in millimeters using Fiji ImageJ open-source software. Simple linear regression (in SPSS) was used to analyze the results. The reliability of the observers was evaluated. Results: The PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor was significantly correlated with chronological age (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the PL/W ratio between the left and right maxillary lateral incisors(P=0.333). There was a very strong correlation (r=0.939) between the PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor and human chronological age, with the following formula: age= -3.057+1.875×PL/W ratio (R²=0.882, standard error of estimate: 4.659). Conclusion: The PL/W ratio of the maxillary lateral incisor on panoramic radiograph can be used for age determination in Indonesian subjects.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-254
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• 2022

The high success rate of dental treatment is dependent on the cooperation of pediatric patients during procedures. Dental treatment often causes pain, particularly in children. The factors in providing treatment to pediatric patients include the characteristics and location of the tooth, profoundness of the anesthesia including the type of local anesthetic, and cooperation of the patient. Previous studies have examined several techniques to successfully achieve profound pulpal anesthesia in maxillary permanent teeth. The dentist should select the injection technique to be used based on patient needs. In children, either buccal with palatal injections or buccal with intra-septal injections may be used to anesthetize the permanent maxillary first molar. Buccal with palatal injections are commonly used prior to routine maxillary dental procedures. Currently, there are only a few studies on the employment of buccal with intra-septal injections to anesthetize permanent maxillary first molars in pediatric patients. This review will focus on efficacy of buccal with palatal versus buccal with intra-septal pulpal anesthesia of the permanent maxillary first molars in pediatric patients and aim to determine which technique should be used during routine dental procedures.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2022

Objectives: This study investigated the internal morphology of mesiobuccal (MB) roots of maxillary molars with a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven maxillary first or second molars from Brazilians were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The following measurements were obtained from the MB roots: root thickness, root width, and dentin thickness of the buccal aspect of the first mesiobuccal (MB1) canal, between the MB1 and MB2 canals, and the palatal aspect of the MB2 and MB1 canals at 3 mm from the root apex and in the furcation region. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test and analysis of variance with the post-hoc Tukey test were used (α = 0.05). Results: In maxillary molars with an MB2 canal, MB roots were significantly thicker (p = 0.0014) and narrower (p = 0.0016) than in maxillary molars without an MB2 canal. The dentin thickness of the palatal aspect of the MB1 canal was also significantly greater than that of MB roots without an MB2 canal at 3 mm from the root apex (p = 0.0007) and in the furcation region (p < 0.0001). In the furcation region of maxillary molars with an MB2 canal, the dentin thickness between the MB1 and MB2 canals was significantly smaller than that in the buccal and palatal aspects (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The internal morphology of MB roots of maxillary molars with an MB2 canal revealed differences in dentin thickness, root diameter, and distance between the canals when compared with maxillary molars without an MB2 canal.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.262-269
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• 2023

Objectives: Anterior maxillary sinus wall fractures are common in all types of maxillofacial trauma. They can result in various complications, including injury to the surrounding nerves. Owing to its anatomy, trauma to the maxillary antrum can result in injury to the middle superior alveolar nerve (MSAN) and the anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN). The purpose of this study is to evaluate neurosensory deficits (NSD) present in maxillary gingiva, incisors, and premolars after injury to the anterior wall of the maxillary antrum. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 39 patients sustaining unilateral fractures of the anterior maxillary sinus wall. Clinical neurosensory tests including two-point discrimination and fine touch discrimination were performed to classify the extent of nerve injuries as mild, moderate, severe, or anesthetic. Additional temperature discrimination and pulpal sensibility tests (electric pulp testing and cold testing) were carried out. A comparison of radiographic fracture patterns and severity of nerve injury was done. Testing was carried out immediately after trauma and at 2-month follow-up. Results: More than half of the patients assessed in the study group presented with NSD of the teeth and gingiva after trauma. The incidence of deficits varied with the type of test used to measure them. Most frequently, patients presented with both loss of two point as well as fine touch discrimination thresholds. Severe nerve injuries were associated with loss of temperature discrimination clinically and displaced fractures radiographically. There was no significant relationship between the recovery of pulpal and gingival sensation. The patterns of injury and recovery in ASAN and MSAN were similar. Conclusion: NSD after trauma to the maxillary antrum is relatively common. Clinical loss of temperature discrimination and radiographic signs of fracture lines passing through the canalis sinuosus are predictors of persistent and severe oral NSD.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.42 no.2 s.417
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

Inverted maxillary incisor is that maxillary incisor rotates counterclockwise direction. The cause of this 'Inverted incisor' is the injury of the deciduous predecessor transmitted to the developing permanent tooth germ or displacement of permanent tooth crown portion from unknown origin. Dilaceration, defined as a distorted root from, may result from mechanical injury during eruption period or ectopic development of tooth germ. This article presents a case of an inverted and dilacerated maxillary right central incisor. Through orthodontic traction, the dilacerated and inverted incisor was successfully moved into the proper position.