• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-300
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• 2013

Human and animals are born with an intuitive ability to determine approximate numerosity. This ability is termed approximate number sense (hereafter, number sense). Evolutionarily, number sense is thought to be an essential ability for hunting, gathering and survival. According to previous research, children with mathematical learning disability have impaired number sense. On the other hand, individuals with more accurate number sense have higher mathematical achievement. These results support the hypothesis that number sense provides a basis for the development of mathematical cognition. Recently, researchers have been examining whether number sense training can lead to enhancement in mathematical achievement and changes in brain activity in relation to mathematical problem solving. Numerosity which basically represents discontinuous quantity is expected to be closely related to continuous quantity such as representations of space and time. A theory of magnitude (ATOM) states that processing of number, space and time is based on a common magnitude system in the posterior parietal cortex, especially the intraparietal sulcus. The present paper introduces current literature and future directions for the study of the common magnitude system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.450-466
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• 2014

This study compared and analyzed body composition, physical fitness, and physical self-concept between gifted students in mathematics and science attending Korea Science Academy (KSA) and non-gifted students attending traditional high schools. The KSA students were 117 males who entered the school in 2009. As a control group, a total of 117 non-gifted students were randomly selected from 5 cities. The results of covariate analysis taken 2 year interval, pretest (2009) and posttest (2010), indicated that gifted students were significantly taller (p<.05) than non-gifted students, and were lower in BMI (p<.05) and PBF (p<.001). There was no significant difference in physical fitness between gifted and non-gifted students. But non-gifted students have a significantly higher self-concept in physical appearance (p<.05) and physical strength (p<.05). The internal/external frame of reference model and the Big Fish Little Pond Effect (BFLPE) theory were supported. Especially, gifted students were significantly higher (p<.01) in endurance self-concept than non-gifted students. We have discussion this result as the future research subject whether it come from the characteristics of the gifted's tenacity at high level tasks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.472-482
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• 2017

In this study, discrete mathematical items were classified into analytical items and mathematical items were analyzed on the basis of analytic framework items of mathematics and the past items of mathematics subject contents of the period 2011-2017 school year. First, the discrete mathematics evaluation areas and evaluation contents proposed by the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation should be evenly distributed. Second, the items of measuring metacognitive knowledge as a strategic knowledge on the use of cognitive methods should be given. Third, the ratio of the number of items in discrete mathematics to the number of that was 3.8%~6.8%, and the ratio according to the item weighting was 2.2%~6.3%. Fourth, it is analyzed that all the items are suitable for the evaluation goal and the pre-service math teachers who have faithfully implemented the curriculum have maintained the appropriate level of difficulty to solve. Finally, the content items such as the method of counting the discrete mathematics curriculum, the Recurrence Relation, the generation function, and the graph are matched with the teacher certification examination and the mathematics education curriculum of each teachers college. By these reasons, we conclude that the contribution of pre-service teachers to the motivation of learning is obtained and implications.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of mathematics learning through tessellation activities on the improvement of spatial sense and to find out a better mathematics teaching method that could further develop spatial sense. For this purpose, the following questions were attempted; Can mathematics learning using tessellation activities develop spatial sense? In odor to test this hypothesis, twenty-four fifth graders of a class were selected at random. And the experimental group was divided into four groups according to gender and academic performance. The groups were protested and post-tested to determine results based on the quasi-experimental design(i.e. one-group pretest-post test design). The process of this study was checking spatial sense for a common evaluation of experimental group. In this study, tangram, pattern block, and GSP was used for mathematics learning through tessellation activities during each independent-study, discretion-activity, and math class. The instrument used in this study was a spatial sense test and pretest and post-test were implemented with the same instrument(i.e. K-WISC-III Activity Test). In conclusion, mathematics learning through tessellation activities with tangram, pattern block, and GSP is an effective teaching and learning method for the improvement of the spatial sense.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 2020

An Exponential Bandwidth Harmony Search with Centralized Global Search (EBHS-CGS) was developed to enhance the performance of a Harmony Search (HS). EBHS-CGS added two methods to improve the performance of HS. The first method is an improvement of bandwidth (bw) that enhances the local search. This method replaces the existing bw with an exponential bw and reduces the bw value as the iteration proceeds. This form of bw allows for an accurate local search, which enables the algorithm to obtain more accurate values. The second method is to reduce the search range for an efficient global search. This method reduces the search space by considering the best decision variable in Harmony Memory (HM). This process is carried out separately from the global search of the HS by the new parameter, Centralized Global Search Rate (CGSR). The reduced search space enables an effective global search, which improves the performance of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm was applied to a representative optimization problem (math and engineering), and the results of the application were compared with the HS and better Improved Harmony Search (IHS).

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

The decrease of green space according to the urbanization has caused many environmental problems as the destruction of habitat, air pollution, heat island effect. With interest growing in natural view recently, proper management of evergreen tree which is lived even the winter season has been on the rise importantly. This study analyzed the distribution area of evergreen tree using vegetation index based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Firstly, RGB and NIR+RG camera were loaded in fixed-wing UAV and image mosaic was achieved using GCPs based on Pix4d SW. And normalized differences vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was calculated by band math function from acquired ortho mosaic image. validation points were applied to evaluate accuracy of the distribution of evergreen tree for each range value and analysis showed that kappa coefficient marked the highest as 0.822 and 0.816 respectively in "NDVI > 0.5" and "SAVI > 0.7". The area of evergreen tree in "NDVI > 0.5" and "SAVI > 0.7" was $11,824m^2$ and $15,648m^2$ respectively, that was ratio of 4.8% and 6.3% compared to total area. It was judged that UAV could supply the latest and high resolution information to vegetation works as urban environment, air pollution, climate change, and heat island effect.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-91
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• 2015

Nowadays, 'books' are not limited to tangible items no longer, but can be intangible digital contents, along with advancement in e-Book technology and the growth of the markets. However, the role of e-Book viewers that links digital contents and readers has been rarely studied. In this study, therefore, we examined the effects of e-Book viewer's system quality (ease-of-use, functional diversity, interactivity) and design quality (convenient design, intuitive design, emotional design) on user satisfaction, and also tested if these relations are different by the content types (cartoon, novel, and learning contents). Research findings show that all the independent variables, except for interactivity, affect user satisfaction in overall groups. In viewing cartoon content, ease-of-use, convenient design, and emotional design were significant antecedents, and intuitive design and emotional design were found important factors in novel content, while functional diversity and interactivity affect user satisfaction in learning content. We expect these findings can provide useful insights to the providers of e-Book viewers.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2017

The Ministry of Education selected and implemented 'science core school' since 2009 as a policy to strengthen science education to produce talented science students. This study judged that it is necessary to examine the current management practice and diagnose problems to propose improvement measures for more successful management of science core school in the future. To this end, we interviewed and observed teachers and students at a high school specialized in science based in Gyeonggi province which was selected as a science core school, as qualitative study methods such as interview and observation to survey and analyze the current management practice of the school. The management outcome was that the school contributed to fostering talented students in natural sciences and engineering because more varied activities were implemented at the school to develop scientific knowledge of students including experiment, excursion, and circle activity. Identified problems were increased amount of private education due to intense competition over school achievement, negligence of extracurricular activities, burdensome workload for teachers of specific subjects, and lack of expertise of math and science teachers. In conclusion, the following improvement measures are suggested for sustainable management of science core schools: greater liberty should be granted to science core schools; more training opportunities should be given to teachers; college admission program should be improved for science core school students; and it is necessary to introduce courses taught by external teachers, and provide systematic support such as increasing administration staff.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-120
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• 2006

The Seventh Curriculum makes sure that those students who don't have a proper understanding of contents required at a certain stage take a remedial course. But a trend contrary to the intention is formed since there is no systematic education for such a course and thus more students get to fall into the group of low achievement. In particular, solving a simultaneous equation in a rote way without understanding influences negatively students' achievement. Schoenfeld introduced the basic elements of one's own mathematical problem solving process and behavior, referred to Polya's. Employing Schoenfeld's strategy, this study aimed to induce students' active participation in math classes, as well as to focus on a mathematical problem solving process during the study. Two students were selected from a remedial course at 00 Middle School and administered with a qualitative case study method over 17 lessons, each of which lasted for 30 minutes. In the beginning, they used such knowledge as facts and definitions a lot. There was a tendency of their resorting to intuitive knowledge more when they lacked basic knowledge or met with a difficult question. As the lessons were given, however, they improved their ability to implement algorithm procedures and used more familiar ones with the developed common procedures in the area of resources.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2012

In December of 2009, General Curriculum Revised in 2009 was announced and research on corresponding mathematics curriculum revision has been initiated from that period. Finally, in August 2011, Mathematics Curriculum Revised in 2009 was announced. In this new curriculum, Creativity is emphasized as the ability pursued in General Curriculum Revised in 2009. Accordingly, for the purpose of fostering students with creative and challenging minds, teaching and learning methods including the objectives and content should be more carefully implemented in math class. In case of the area of Probability and Statistics closely related to real life situations, it is suggested that school curriculum in mathematics would not deal with only mathematical problems on algorithm, but rather present teaching and learning materials related to the real life in order to recognize the usefulness of the content of Probability and Statistics and to learn how to think about it. In this paper, effective guidelines for teaching and learning the content of Probability and Statistics and its activities that follows the direction on Mathematics Curriculum Revised in 2009' are suggested based on the analysis of the PISA and TIMSS international assessments items. Thus, the guidelines suggested in this study would be used efficiently and appropriately for developing instructional materials or planning curriculum revision and setting its direction in the future.