• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

This study was aimed to investigate the anti-tumor and immune response effect of Samyongtang(S1; this medicine represents for 'ENERGIZER'), Yangjeongjejeoktang(S2; this is the 'INTERMEDIATE METHOD' of S1 and S3) and Onbeakwon(S3; this is 'ATTACK' the disease of mass) on the experimental rats induced by Sarcoma-180 and Methotrexate. And to observed the differences S1, S2, and S3 treatment groups. Tumor weight(TW) in vivo, interleukin-2(IL-2), hemagglutinin titer(H.A), hemolysin titer(HL), rossete forming cell(RFC), delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH), and natural killer cell activity(NKCA) in vivo were measured in rats. The obtained results were summarized as follows. 1. Tumor weight was decreased in all treatment groups (S2>S3>S1) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 2. Interleukin-2 was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>Ss) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 3. Hemagglutinin titer was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 4. Hemolysin titer was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 5. Rossete forming cell(RFC) was increased in all treatment groups (S1>S2>S3) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. 6. Delayed type hyperseneitivity(DTH) was increased in S1, S2 treatment groups (S1>S2) as compared with control group, but it was decreased in S3 treatment group. Therefore, S1 group was statistically significant compared with S3 groups. 7. Natural killer cell activity(NKCA) was increased in all treatment groups (S2>S3>S1) as compared with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant each treatment groups. Based on the above mentioned results, it is suggested that S1, S2 and S3 will have anti-tumor substances and enhance effect of immune response. But the differences were not statistically significant in each treatment groups, except for delayed type hypersensitivity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2024

Objective : The study's objective is to assess the components of Dendropanax morbifera (DM) utilizing UPLC-MS/MS and assess their antioxidant properties in order to establish fundamental information for quality control of herbal formulations. Methods : The DM leaves were ground into powder and extracted with water at 80℃. The extract was subsequently concentrated and subjected to freeze-drying for subsequent analysis. The LC-MS/MS analysis was performed using a 1260 series HPLC system and a 3200 QTrap tandem mass system in positive ion mode, with detection conducted at 280 nm. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was employed to measure the phenolic content, while a colorimetric method using aluminum chloride was used to determine the flavonoid content, with gallic acid and quercetin as standards, respectively. The evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted through the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity, by adding the DPPH solution to the extract and recording the absorbance at 517 nm. Results : The UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified five polyphenolic compounds in the DM extract, specifically syringin, 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside, shaftoside, rutin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The extract was found to contain a total phenolic content of 83.106 ± 0.21 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content of 87.963 ± 1.014 mg QE/g. The DM extract demonstrated substantial antioxidant properties, resulting in a reduction of DPPH radicals that was evident at concentrations as low as 40 ㎍/㎖. Conclusions : The study determined important polyphenolic compounds in DM and established its considerable antioxidant efficacy. These findings provide evidence for the efficacy of DM in disease prevention related to oxidative stress and establish a foundation for ensuring quality control in herbal preparations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1992

This research was conducted to survey the feeding methods of Korean women. The survey was executed for 355 mothers bringing up a child below 24 months in some part of Seoul in Korea from April to May, 1990. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.1% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. This research proved the major influencing factor generally depended on its mother rather than babies or labor condition. For example, the higher income and the higher educational degree of its mothers, they tended to prefer the bottle feeding to the others. Generally mothers knew the informations of infant nutrition very well, 84.5% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul had the opinion of 'breast feeding is better', but their knowledge actually didn't work. The source of mothers‘ informations on the infant nutrition showed the books and magazines, friend and relatives, grandmother were many by the order. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information; i.e. mothers in Seoul mostly(44.8%) wanted to acquire their informations from mass communications. The reason of breast feeding showed 'for baby's health' was the greatest, and then 'immunity of breast milk' and 'baby's emotion' were great by the order, and the reason of bottle feeding showed 'not enough breast milk' was the greatest. There were no problems in feeding attitude and position of breast feeding, but there were problems in feeding volume, consistency of formula milk and feeding position of bottle feeding.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.966-974
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• 2002

An analytic approach has been employed to study condensate film thickness distribution inside cave-shaped cavity of a flat plate heat pipe. The results indicate that the condensate film thickness largely depends on mass flow rate and local velocity of condensate. The increasing rate of condensate film for circular region reveals about 50% higher value than that of vertical region. The physical properties of working fluid affect significantly the condensate film thickness, such as the condensate film thickness for the case of FC-40 are 5 times larger than that of water. In comparison with condensation on a vertical wall, the average heat transfer coefficient in the cave-shaped cavity presented 10∼15% lower values due to the fact that the average film thickness formed inside the cave-shaped cavity was larger than that of the vertical wall with an equivalent flow length. A correlation formula which is based on the condensate film analysis for the cave-shaped cavity to predict average heat transfer coefficient is presented. Also, the critical minimum fill charge ratio of working fluid based on condensate film analysis has been predicted, and the minimum fill charge ratios for FC-40 and water are about Ψ$\_$crit/=3∼7%, Ψ$\_$crit/=0.5∼1.3% respectively, in the range of heat flux q"=5∼90kW/㎡.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2001

The migration of alkylphenols from PVC packaging materials (wrap, sheet and gasket) into food simulants and foods were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography with mass selective detection. Only seven nonyl phenol isomers were detected in three types of PVC food packaging materials and the content of nonyl phenol of wrap was higher than those of sheet and gasket. The contents of nonyl phenol migrated from fatty food simulants (n-heptane) were higher than those from aqeous food simulants (distilled water, 4% acetic acid and 20% ethanol) and increased with increase in temperature. Nonyl phenol in fruit juice, infant formula, and beverage was migrated from PVC gasket, olefin gasket, and olefin bottle cap, respectively. Nonyl phenol was also detected from foods even before contacting with the packaging materals.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.300-314
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• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of eighteen marker compounds in traditional Korean formula, Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD). In addition, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of CWBSD. Eighteen marker components were separated on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and kept at $45^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. The antioxidant activities of CWBSD were assessed by measuring free radical scavenging activities on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The calibration curves of all analytes showed good linearity (correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.9937$) within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for the 18 marker compounds were 0.01-4.71 ng/mL and 0.03-14.13 ng/mL, respectively. The contents of the 18 compounds in CWBSD extract ranged from none to $1701.00{\mu}g/g$. The CWBSD showed the radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% reduction ($RC_{50}$) against ABTS and DPPH radicals were $149.42{\mu}g/mL$ and $339.24{\mu}g/mL$.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-210
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• 2000

This study was aimed to verify the validity of the flexural toughness evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete(SFRS) currently being adopted by Korea Highway Corporation(KHC). Total 33 beam specimens using six different kinds of steel fiber products were prepared at tunnel construction sites and flexural toughness tests were executed at laboratory. Equivalent flexural strengths and toughness quotients were evaluated from the tests following the KHC guide iud these were compared with the quality grades determined under the guides proposed by ASTM, ITA and EFNARC. To discard the disadvantage that the toughness quotient could be influenced by flexural strength when following the KHC guide, a modification substituting the designed flexural strength for the flexural strength in the toughness quotient calculation formula was proposed to rate the quality of SFRS more adequately.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2001

The Rhus verniciflua contains alkly(en)-catechol type allergens with a saiurated or unsaturated alkly chain of 15 or 17 carbon atoms. It has been recognized as an extremely active allergen causing skin reactions similar In poison ivy. The allergic contact dermatitis induced by the urushiol is known to be mediated be T lymphocytes whicht specifically recognize the hepten urushiol. Therefore. direct use of this plant as a medicinal purpose might imply a considerable hazard in Korea. In this study, using the established method for the detoxification from the stem bark of Rhus verniciflua, an strong antioxidant substance was isolated and characterized DPPH (diphenypricryl hydrazyl) assay measures hydrogen atom-donating activity and hence provides a measure of free radical scavenging antioxidant activity. DPPH, a purple-colored stable free radical, is reduced to yellow-colored diphenylpicryl hydrazine by antioxidants to deducing agents. Antioxidative effects of the water extract from RV were measured by DPPH assay. Twenty microliters of the extract was added to 1ml of 100mM DPPH solution in ethanol The mixture was shaken and left to stand for 10min at room temperature. The crude water extracts was purified by using HPLC method with a DEAE (anionic type), CN, ODS column. The purified compound remained stable at pH 3.0-6,0, but unstable above pH 6.5. It was stable heat at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, but still had about 80% of residual activity after treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The elemental composition of the HR-EI mass spectrum at m/z 170.02 was estimated the empirical formula as $C_{7}$ $H_{6}$ $O_{5}$. $C_{10}$ $H_4$ $O_2$N$_1$, $C_{5}$ $H_4$ $O_4$N$_3$, $C_{8}$$H_2O$$_1$N$_4$. In antimicrobial test, no inhibition was observed against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This compound was stronger than that of commercial antioxidant by DPPH test, such as BHT, BHC at the same concentration (20$\mu$g/ml).ml).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.909-912
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• 2005

In the course of screening for selective growth inhibitors against the mycelial form of Candida albicans, we isolated a Streptomyces sp. A6792 from soils. The inhibitor was isolated from the above bacterium and identified through several spectral analyses with UV and mass spectrophotometries, and various NMR. The compound was determined to be a macrocyclic dilactone antibiotic, IKD-8344 (molecular weight: 844, molecular formula: $C_{48}H_{76}O_{12}$). The compound selectively inhibited the growth of mycelial form of C. albicans with an MIC of 6.25 ${\mu}g/ml$. It also exhibited strong inhibitory effect preferentially on the mycelial form of various Candida spp. including C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae, with MICs ranging from 1.56 to 25 ${\mu}g$/ml. Furthermore, the compound showed no significant toxicity against SPF ICR mice up to 60 mg/kg. These results suggest that IKD-8344 is a useful lead compound for the development of novel antifungal agents, based on the preferential growth inhibition against Candida spp.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 2007

Rapid increases in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and many other chemically important trace gases have occurred over the last several centuries. For understanding the roles of these important gases in global change, it is essential to identify their sources and sinks, to characterize biogenic gas fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere, and to understand the processes that control them. In this paper, enclosure-based measurements are described in a practical manner for field experiments. Theoretical reviews of mass balance equation in the enclosure and sensitivity of the flow-through dynamic flux chamber technique are presented; specifically for the case of NO flux measurements from soil surface. The physical system and theory behind the flow-through dynamic flux chamber method are examined. New calculation flux formula was introduced by considering NO chemical loss on chamber wall and uncertainties of the NO flux calculation were discussed.