• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.393-408
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• 2009

The drastic growth of transnational marriage since the mid-1990s has been a new challenge to Korea. This article aims to provide a comprehension of new ethnicity by focusing on transnational marriage migration in Korea. A steep increase of foreign brides from China and Southeast countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines can be understood in terms of globalization from below. In this context, Korean trend is similar to Taiwan and Japanese ones. But, there are also some differences between them. The inflow of foreign brides has been gradually weakened since 2005 in Korea, as Taiwan has experienced since 2003. In the ratio of foreign brides among total marriage in Korea, rural area show in average two-fold higher than urban areas. However, most foreign brides have settled down in urban areas in aspect of absolute number. Korean Chinese wives most densely concentrate in urban area, followed by Chinese wives, Nevertheless, there are significant differences among foreign brides' residential areas with their nationalities. In this point, the geography of new ethnicity with foreign brides in Korea is likely to be a multi-dimensional space.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.383-392
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between marital satisfaction and the quality of life for women and men who live in a rural area in Korea through an international marriage. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was used. Ninety-one women and 56 men were surveyed from May 1st., 2007 to April 6th., 2008. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Fisher's exact test. Two types of questionnaires were used: Marital satisfaction scale (MSS) and WHO quality of life-brief (WHOQOL-BREF). Result: There is a gap between men's age and women's in the average of their marriage ; 37 vs 24. In addition, men's marital satisfaction was much higher than women's (t =2.16, p=.032) and quality of life was also higher than women's (t=-0.85, p=.005). According to this survey, therefore, it has been shown that there is a positive correlation between marital satisfaction and the quality of life (r =.435, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of life, marital satisfaction should be promoted by practical family nursing programs and it is necessary for the internationally married women to be continuously provided with language education and cultural awareness.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-72
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• 2010

This study is to explain the nature of transnational activities being involved in by Filipina intermarriage migrants in Korea by examining the institutional backgrounds of market, society and the state. The increasing number of Filipina intermarriage with Korean coincides with the advance of liberal market economy, which governs internal and bilateral interactions between and among the three institutions in both countries. While existing various reasons for engaging in intermarriage, a significant number of Filipina wives in Korea ventured into it with uncertain expectations that they might earn better lives and could support their families. Such hopes usually turn out in vain when they meet the real lives in Korea. It is mainly because their spouses in Korea would rather be those who left behind in the marriage market due to their lack of competitiveness. Filipina wives are also suffering from social isolation caused by language and other barriers such as family relations or rural life they might settle in. Their transnational activities usually tend to be their effort to breakthrough their unexpected condition of difficult lives in Korea. They usually make use of transnational sort of community activities to cultivate chances to engage in bread earning activity. Migrant's transnational activity has a great impact on sociocultural changes in the country of origin and of arrival. Transnational activity provides migrants with economic opportunities, and uplifts self-esteem as well. Intermarriage couples, especially with Southeast Asian wives, and their offsprings show a tendency of downward assimilation to Korean society. Korean state policy toward them should not simply apply undiscriminated assimilation theory, but take into account their possible strength of transnational identity with which they could find a means to integrate themselves successfully into the mainstream Korean society.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.364-387
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• 2009

Female marriage immigrants have increased since the mid-1990s in Korea. Thus, their adaptation to Korean society has been a big social issue in Korea. There are a lot of academic researches on their adaptation to Korean society so far. We cannot sufficiently understand general main factors of their adaptation to Korean society because of methodological problems in the studies on the female marriage immigrants. Particularly, there are very few studies on female marriage immigrants' adaptation to their communities. This study analyzes determinants of female marriage immigrants' adaptation to their communities, using stepwise multi-regression. Data are collected from questionary survey on female marriage immigrants in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, Daegu, Gyeong-buk, Gwangju, Jeon-nam. Dependent variables are community life, spatial cognition and activities, and neighborhood relationship. Each dependent variable is analyzed with 30 independent variables through stepwise multi-regression. As a result, 16 positive determinants and 2 negative ones are selected. Positive determinants are resident identity, age, adaptation to home, number of Korean friends and same nationals' friends in Korea and so on. But, Korean language fluence is not selected as a significant factor. This is different from a general recognition. As exiting researches, the importance of social network and adaptation variables is also identified in this study.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare parenting stress between married migrant women and Korean women. Methods: Subjects were 68 married migrant women and 70 Korean women raising children aged seven years or younger, living in three different cities in Gangwon Do. To measure parenting stress, we used Kim's (1997) questionnaire that had been modified from Richard & Abidin's (1990) Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in age, academic credentials, job, monthly income, and achievement of maternal role. No statistically significant differences were found for parenting stress scores (p<.355), but there was a significant difference in the child characteristics of parenting stress (p<.007) between the two groups. There were no differences in the demographic variables influencing parenting stress between the two groups. Conclusion: The development of multi-cultural parenting and family support programs should consider the nationality and marital satisfaction of the family.

• The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction (JLCCI)
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.101-120
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• 2019

Among Korean women who are married, the group with the largest distribution based on the country or ethnic characteristics of their origin is Korean-Chinese. This study looked at the characteristics of married women of ethnic Koreans in China, their experiences in the labor market, their overall employment experience, including their role performance and handling, and sought suggestions such as policy measures for married women and capacity building for employment. Eight study participants were selected for this study, data were collected through individual interviews, and analysis was conducted using phenomenological qualitative research. The results of the study are as follows: Korean-Chinese marriage migrants were exposed to the job scene a lot because of their proficiency in Korean and Chinese. They were working for various jobs and had experience using job-related education and counseling. Most of them had experience working in factories and daily jobs, and they were currently staying in low-paying, insecure jobs. Their employment experience has been the same as the Korean society s career cut-off female employment, suggesting that the difficulty of marriage-based women s employment can be solved together only when the overall opportunities for women s employment are expanded. Considering the growing need and desire of female marriage immigrants to participate in economic activities, measures should be taken to prioritize human resources development through strengthening basic vocational skills in order to promote continued and stable economic participation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.325-354
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• 2012

The current research intends to analyse the construction process of gender in the biographies of migrant women. Ten autobiographical-narrative interviews with Korean female migrant workers in Germany were conducted and the following conclusions were ascertained through the analysis of Schutze's autobiographical-narrative interview: The genders in their biographies were constructed similar before their marriage, but different after their marriage according to the work-family balanced type and the family centered type. Before their migration the 'process of life' as female high school students and female workers showed that both types had partially deconstructed a sex-segregated gender. The process of life as female migrant workers after their migration showed that both types had partially constructed a sex-neutral gender. The process of life after their marriage exhibited that the former strengthened and strengthens a sex-neutral gender in a double position as female migrant workers and female marriage migrants, but the latter reconstructed a sex-segregated gender again and intensifies this in a process of time. Based on these results, some implications for the social work practice were addressed, which emerged from the understanding on the gender in the biographies of migrant women.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.41-70
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• 2021

Using the 2017 and 2019 Survey on Immigrants' Living Conditions and Labour Force, we examine how the job training programs in Korea affect immigrants' labor market outcomes by applying the propensity score matching method. The results show that job training programs increase the probability of being employed by 6.4 percentage points and positively affect monthly wages. There is significant heterogeneity in the effects of job training effects across visa categories. For immigrants with work visas, the effect on the employment rate is relatively small, while the wage effect is considerably large. On the other hand, we do not find a positive wage effect for marriage migrants. Both the employment rate and the monthly wage increased through job training for permanent residents.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.139-164
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• 2009

The first demographic transition refers to the historical decline in mortality and fertility, as shown from the 18th Century in several European populations, and continuing present in most developing countries. The end point of the first demographic transition(FDT) was supposed to be a stationary and stable population corresponding with replacement fertility and zero population growth. In addition, households in all parts of the world would converge toward the nuclear and conjugal types, composed of married couples and their offspring. The second demographic transition(SDT), on the other hand, sees no such equilibrium as the end-point. Rather, new developments bring sub-replacement fertility, a multitude of living arrangements other than marriage, and the disconnection between marriage and procreation. Populations would face declining sizes if not complemented by new migrants. Over the last decades birth rates have been on the decline in all countries of the world, and it is estimated that already more than half of he world's population has below replacement level fertility. Measured in terms of the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), currently 34 countries have fertility levels of 1.5 or less. Similarly, Korea has been below lowest-low fertility for eight consecutive years since 2001 and below the replacement level for more than twenty years. In explaining the low fertility in Korea, some researchers explain the low fertility as revenge against a male-dominated society and institution, while others focus the impact of the employment instability. These studies share the basic ideas (spread of individualism, delayed marriage and childbearing, high divorce rate etc.) of a second demographic transition in order to explain the low fertility in Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.27-55
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• 2008

This paper tries to introduce most recent trends of Korean family policies during Roh, Moo Hyun Government of March 2003-February 2008. Focusing on the gender perspectives, discussions are, for heuristic purposes, centered around three major family issues in S. Korea, one of the most dynamically changing societies in the world: 1) the abolishment of male-centered traditional Family Registry System('the hoju') and the launching of brand-new Family Record Book of five different versions for individual from January 2008; 2) the application of Framework Act On Healthy Homes, a first formal measure to step in various forms of family break-ups these days; and 3) the emergence of Multi-Cultural Family Protection Act, thanks to a massive volume of international marriage migrants from overseas. It can be said that all these family policies are the result of rapidly changing socio-demographic trends into an aging society since 1990s. These trends include late/no marriage with low birth rates, high divorce(and thus remarriage) rates, breakdown of male-breadwinner family model and increase of dual-income family, and a sudden increment of international marriage particularly in rural areas. All in all, overall trends of Korean family life these days that have been taking place so far would provide an excellent exemplary how to deal with an unprecedented societal challenges with the brand-new family policies.