• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2019

This study was a qualitative investigation of the process of adaptation of nutrition education programs by marriage immigrant women who completed education programs for training of food citizen leaders. Focus group interviews of seven marriage immigrant women from Vietnam, China, Mongolia and Russia were conducted and analyzed based on the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Participants were aware of the purpose of the education program (coherence) and their confidence in organizing and reconstructing the knowledge of nutrition was increased after education (reflexive monitoring). However, they had difficulties attending long-term education programs (cognitive participation) and overcoming language barriers (collective action). Although the program was beneficial for the participants in that they could apply acquired nutrition knowledge to their everyday life as food citizen leaders, the continuous monitoring and feed-back system (management), customized application, and consideration of personal and social factors need to be developed and facilitated. In addition, various programs targeting marriage immigrant women may increase economic independence of these women. The NPT proved beneficial in conceptualizing the barriers and facilitators to implementing nutrition education. The successful implementation of nutrition intervention needs special support to overcome barriers to cognitive participation and collective action.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

It is common that most countries focus on the development of their capital cities. As a result, other areas do not develop as well as capital cities. Some areas even develop into a kind of distressed community. This leads to the outflow of population and also difficulties for remaining people in these areas. Under such social background, international marriages are on the increase in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities, causing many problems in connection with that. Many researches on multi-cultural families had been conducted recently, but most of them approached their studies from the viewpoint of social welfare. The physical, economical and cultural environments of multi-cultural families are closely connected to each other. Therefore it is necessary to study these families from a holistic point of view. Therefore the purpose of the research is to study the living conditions and the potential needs of married female immigrants in an in-depth and holistic way. The direction of residential planning for multi-families is also provided. To do that, there are three stages of the research which are theoretical review, preliminary survey and main survey. Methods of literature review, workshop, and questionnaire are used. Based on the results of the research, recommendations for the direction of multi-cultural families residential planning are provided. Physically, living-room, bedroom, kitchen and toilet should be adjusted based on their needs. Socially, the feelings of alienation and exclusion should be reduced for married female immigrants. Economically, it is necessary to find a way to make sure that the second generations of multi-cultural families do not inherit poverty from their parents. Culturally, it is important to consider the different needs of immigrants and to embrace their own culture.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to develop a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea and to evaluate the validity of the FFQ. A total of 80 food items were selected in developing the FFQ according to consumption frequency, the contribution of energy and other nutrients, and the cooking methods based on one-day 24 hour recall (24HR) from 918 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2006 and November 2007. The FFQ was validated by comparison with 24HR of 425 Vietnamese female immigrants between November 2008 and August 2009. The absolute nutrient intake calculated from the FFQ was higher than that estimated by 24HR for most nutrients. The correlation coefficients between 24HR and FFQ ranged from 0.10 (vitamin C) - 0.36 (energy) for crude intake, 0.05 (vitamin E) - 0.32 (calcium) for per 1000 kcal, and 0.08 (zinc) - 0.34 (calcium) for energy-adjusted, respectively. More than 70% of subjects were classified into the same or adjacent agreement groups for nutrients other than fiber, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, while less than 10% of subjects were classified into complete disagreement groups. We conclude that the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for estimating nutrient intake and dietary patterns of Vietnamese female immigrants in Korea. Future studies to validate the FFQ using various biomarkers or other dietary assessment methods are needed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.865-872
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health characteristics of the multicultural international marriage women in Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 73 multicultural international marriage women in Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk in Korea. The study methods consisted of direct interview with the subjects and oral examination through dental mirror and head lamp by one dentist and two dental hygienists. The questionnaire included the use of medical services, oral health education experience, subjective oral health awareness, toothbrushing, and sociodemographical characteristics of the subjects. Results: There were significant correlations between the subjective oral health awareness, oral health behavior and DMFT index. The subjective oral health awareness significantly changed after the international marriage in Korea. The recognition of subjective oral health status significantly improved after the oral health education by the dentist and the dental hygienist. Conclusions: The subjective oral health status of the international marriage women improved significantly after immigration into Korea. Therefore, Korean government should try to provide the better medical services to the international marriage women and protect their human rights as Korean immigrants on the basis of the Law.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2021

Korean society is changing into multicultural society with increasing international marriage and immigrant influx. The increasing number of immigrants in Korean society suggests the necessity of social and economic integration of people with diverse cultural backgrounds. We study the entrepreneurial intention of multicultural immigrant. Cultural intelligence is closely related with sustainable value and belief to their eagerness in surviving of the 2nd country. Cultural intelligence is the individual's capability to function or manage effectively in different cultural settings or in multicultural settings. It is assumed that the cultural intelligence of multicultural immigrant might affect the entrepreneurial intention. Based on the theory of planned behavior, we set up the research model. 243 usable responses of multicultural immigrants in Korea were analyzed. Our findings suggest that cultural intelligence positively affected entrepreneurial intention by affecting subjective norm and perceived behavior control. This study contributed the study of the entrepreneurial intention and multicultural immigrant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.358-366
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of female marriage immigrants attending Korean language class in Gwangju, Korea by analyzing daily food and nutrient intake. Methods: Eighty-three female immigrants completed a survey. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and dietary food intake was assessed using a 1-day 24 hour recall method. Results: The average length of residence in Korea was 5.3 years, and mean age of subjects was 31.0 years old. The home countries of subjects were Vietnam (50.6%), China (24.1%), Philippines (13.3%), and others (12%). Due to the length of residence, there were significant differences in body weight (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.05), percent body fat (p < 0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). The subjects who were 30~49 years old consumed more vegetables and less seaweed than the subjects who were 20~29 years old. The other kinds of consumed foods were similar among groups in different age groups or lengths of residence in Korea. Average energy intake of subjects was 1,641.0 Kcal. The group with less than 5 years of residence showed higher cholesterol intake than the group with 5 or more years of residence in Korea (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the groups of different age or length of residence. There was a positive association among dietary cholesterol intake and consumption of eggs, milk. and dairy products, and blood pressure. Conclusion: The study shows that length of residence affects rate of obesity and nutritional status. Further extensive research is needed to understand the effect of dietary changes and nutritional status of female marriage immigrants as well as for their successful adaptation to develop a more active and long-term nutrition education program.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1631-1638
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• 2018

Korea has experienced an increase in the number of immigrants in accordance with accelerated globalization. In particular, the rapid surge in international marriages and multicultural families has created social adaptation or inclusion problems for these families in Korean society. This paper examines how information services or technological education programs affect the social integration of marriage migrant women in Korea. Using survey data on international marriage migrant women, we conducted multiple and logistic regression models to examine the relationship between information and technology services and life satisfaction and employment status. The results show that the experience of using social services tends to have positive effects on life satisfaction. Having experiences of information services or technological education improves marriage migrant women's chances of employment and increases their willingness to work or start a business. This indicates the importance of information services or technological educational training and social services in improving social adaptation and integration of marriage migrant women in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.198-210
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to develop a health promotion program for marriage immigrant women and to evaluate its efficacy. Methods: The health promotion program was comprised of eight 100-minute weekly sessions. Each session included understanding of health responsibility, nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relations, stress management, and self actualization. The research was conducted under the principles of nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design. The outcome variables were health promoting behavior, health status, acculturation, self efficacy, and perceived barrier. The participants were 15 immigrant women in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. Data was analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: There was a significant improvement in health promoting behaviors (U=-3.08, p=.002), left shoulder flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.003), right shoulder flexibility (U=-3.02, p=.003), low back flexibility (U=-3.37, p=.001), social health status (U=-3.38 p=.001) and subjective health status (U=-2.17 p=.030) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion program for marriage immigrant women was an effective intervention for improving health promoting behavior, physical health status, social health, and subjective health status. Therefore, the developed health promotion program needs to be applied to married immigrant women in other kinds nursing care settings in future research.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze meal management behaviors for Korea dietary acculturation among multicultural families in Korea. The study compared differences in meal management behaviors among 90 multicultural families. Results of the study were as follows: cultural adaptation to Korea got higher with increasing age; marriage immigrants with longer marriage duration and with children showed higher cultural adaptation to Korea. Regarding food value of marriage immigrant women, 'eating favorite food' was the highest in the 20s, while 'satisfaction with Korean dietary lifestyle' was high in Chinese and in those with longer residency. Most of them replied 'myself' for the meal manager of their multicultural family. When surveyed on major difficulties in Korean meal management, existence of children showed significant difference for 'cooking', and period of residency and existence of children made significant difference for 'taste'. In conclusion, meal management behavior of multicultural families was influenced by socioeconomic factors. Further research is needed for more quantitative analysis and understanding of the effect of dietary patterns on nutritional status and quality of life in multicultural families.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.695-704
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to develop a model which explains factors influencing health promotion behavior in women who immigrate to Korea for marriage, and to verify the appropriateness of the model. Methods: The participants were 300 women who immigrate to Korea for marriage and settled in located in Jeonbuk Province, Korea. The data were collected with self-report questionnaires from October 10, 2007 through November 10, 2007. A total of 271 data sets were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 and Amos 7.0 version. Results: Immigrant women's social support, self-efficacy, perceived health status, acculturation, and perceived barrier had an impact on their health promotion behavior. Social support was the most influential factor. All of these variables together explained 49% of the variance in health promotion behavior in immigrant women married to Korean men. Conclusion: In order to increase the health promotion behavior in immigrant women, intervention strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy for immigrant women should be developed.