• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2017

Morphological and molecular information about two microfilamentous endophytic algae of the Grateloupia lanceolata or Bryopsis sp. from Korea is given. Of two endophytes, Phaeophila dendroides is endophytic in Grateloupia lanceolata. It is green in color and composed of uniseriate branched filaments with long setae. Each cell had several pyrenoids. Undulate or twisted Phaeophila-type hair developed from vegetative cells. Dilabifilum arthropyreniae is endophytic in Bryopsis sp. The frond of this species consists of frequently irregular, branching uniseriate filaments. Each cell had a single pyrenoid without hairs. Sporangia were not observed. The ends of the filaments were curved. In the phylogenetic tree, based on tufA and ITS sequences, these two species are nested in the same clade as Phaeophila dendroides and Dilabifilum arthropyreniae, respectively. In this study, these two species are newly recorded in the Korean marine algal flora, based on the morphological and molecular data.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.323-335
• /
• 2001

Distribution features of foulers attached on 28 ships of 6 main shipping routes (SR) of the Far East Sea Basin were analyzed using various statistical methods. Collections obtained during 1976-1990 in the expeditions by the Institute of Marine Biology were used for the analyses. Samples were taken from the ships during anchorage by SCUBA diving and from dry-docks of Vladivostok ship-repairing yard. In all cases, the distribution patterns of most animals and algal species showed clear contagious patterns. Total biomass of fouling organisms and biomass of attached animals frequently increased along the horizontal direction of ship hulls, from the stem to the sternpost. Animal and algal species were usually located at different sites of the hulls. According to the increasing floating speed, there was, a clear tendency of the displacement in main fouling biomass from the stem to the stem. Any generalizations and deductions concerning the distribution patterns of the foulers from the same SR ships are not always substantiated, but one may see some similarities of the fouler distributions in many cases. Micro-scale turbulence generated by water flow around a ship hull for the distribution of fouling organisms is discussed.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2009

The survival and growth of marine benthic invertebrate larvae such as abalone depend on the nutritional value of micro algae. However, it is difficult to determine the dietary value of the many microalgal species used for food by benthic larvae. Therefore, we tested the benthic copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, which grazes microalgae on substrata in a manner similar to abalone larvae. It also has short generation time and is easy to rear which makes to be easier to examine the dietary value of each micro algal species. We measured the daily production of nauplii from gravid females of T. japonicus fed 26 microalgal species separately. Amino acid and fatty acid content of the micro algae and the copepod was also analyzed. The nauplii production of T. japonicus was the highest (10.7) when they were fed Navicula sp. (B-394) and the lowest (0.8) when they were fed Scrippsiella trochoidea. In Tetraselmis suecica the nauplii production was so high (8.2), which was not significantly different with the diatom group. We determined that Navicula sp. (B-394), Rhaphoneis sp. and T. suecica were good sources of food for T. japonicus. We suggest that a diet of with a mixture of these three micro algal species may be also good for invertebrate larvae such as abalone.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2006

Phytoplankton community in the coastal waters off the northeastern Korean Peninsula were characterized from May 2002 to August 2003. Taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass were determined at two water depths at 10 sample sites. A total of 153 phytoplankton species including 121 diatoms, 28 dinoflagellates, 7 green algae and 7 other species were identified. The mean abundance of phytoplankton varied from 15 to 430 cells mL–1 in the surface layer and from 11 to 545 cells mL–1 in the bottom layer, respectively. Phytoplankton was more abundant in coastal stations relative to those in more open ocean. The most dominant species were marine diatoms such as Thalassionema nitzschioides, Licmorphora abbreviata, Chaetoceros affinis and Chaetoceros socialis. In addition, a few limnotic diatoms including Fragilaria capucina v. rumpens, the green alga Scenedesmus dimorphus, some marine dinoflagellates and Cryptomonas sp. appeared as dominant species. Mean concentration of total chlorophyll-a varied from 0.22 to 7.87 μg chl-a L–1 and from 0.45 to 6.79 μg chl-a L–1 in the surface and bottom layers, respectively. The contribution of phytoplankton each size-fractionated varied highly with season. The contribution of microphytoplankton to total biomass of phytoplankton in the surface and bottom layer was high in February and August 2003, and that of nano-phytoplankton was high in May 2002 in both surface and bottom layers.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.730-733
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 녹색조명설비의 구현으로 얇은 패널구조의 LED 조명등을 제작하여 가로등조명, 수중배양 양식조명, 집어등 및 수중탐사의 특수조명 활용성을 확인하였다. 제작된 패널구조의 녹색조명등은 상기한 용도의 조명등으로서 매우 탁월함이 확인되었다. 그 중 집어등의 경우는, 작은 치어 등의 미세생물체와 어류의 조광이동성 및 군집 활동성 증진에 효과적이었으며, 수중배양 양식 조명에서는 녹색 조류, 해초, 수초 및 각종 유기체의 광합성 성장에 유용하였고, 특히 수중조명장치로서의 방수성 및 방열작용의 탁월성이 확인되었다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

Bio diesel has advantages to reduce GHG(Greenhouse Gas) compare with the fossil fuel by using oil comes from plant/animal sources and even waste such as used cook oil. The diversity of energy feeds brings the positive effects to secure the national energy mix. In this circumstance, micro-algae is one of the prospective source, though some technical barriers. We analyzed the bio diesel which was derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta LB999 through the BD100 quality specifications designated by the law. From that result, it is revealed that the oxidation stability is one of the properties to be improved. In order to find the reason for low oxidation stability, we analyzed the oxidation tendency of each FAME components through some methods(EN 14111, EN14112, EN16091). In this study, we could find the higher double bond FAME portion, the more oxidative property(C18:1${\ll}C18:3$) in bio diesel and main unsaturated FAME group is acted as the key component deciding the bio diesel's oxidation stability. It is proved experimentally that C18:3 FAME are oxidized easily under the modified accelerated oxidation test. We also figure out low molecular weight hydrocarbon and FAME were founded as a result of thermal degradation. Some alcohol and aldehydes were also made by FAME oxidation. In conclusion, it is necessary to find the way to improve the micro-algal bio diesel's oxidation stability.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2006

Benthic diatoms are known as a good food for shellfish in nature and in commercial hatchery of Jeju Island, Korea. Grammatophora marina is commonly found as dominant benthic micro-algae in Jeju coastal waters throughout the year. To know the best growth conditions of this species, culture was done in terms of three parameters; water temperature, salinity and nutrients. Each parameter was controlled by temperature of 15, 20 and 25°C; salinity of 25, 30 and 35 psu; and nutrient concentrations of 50, 100 and 200%. F/2 media was used with artificial seawater for the culture, which was continued for two weeks with L:D cycle 12:12 by using fluorescent light. Maximum specific growth rate was recorded 1.68 d–1 at temperature of 25°C with salinity of 35 psu and nutrient concentration of 200% on 6th day during the culture period. Maximum biomass was also observed 4.9 × 105 cells mL–1 in the same condition. This species may belong to the euryhaline and eutrophic habitat with warm condition. For nutritional aspects of this species, protein, lipid and carbohydrate were measured. The value of protein, lipid and carbohydrate was 4.96%, 15.82% and 5.65%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of 80% methanolic extract were 46.7%, 23.7% and 23.8% on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylydrazy) radical, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, respectively. Percentage metal chelating activity was 81.2%. Enzymatic extracts of Alcalase and Ultraflow showed remarkable scavenging activities on DPPH radical (86.5% and 57.2%, respectively), and superoxide anion scavenging activities were 45.3% and 41.4% from Kojizyme and Viscozyme extracts, respectively. Extract of Protomex revealed 24.8% activity on hydrogen peroxide and Neutase showed 30.8% on hydroxyl radical scavenging effects. Celluclast and Viscozyme extracts showed 33.2% and 32.1% activities on nitric oxide scavenging, respectively, while Alcalase showed 61.5% on metal chelating. This species contains higher lipids among the biochemical compounds and higher metal chelating activities from both 80% methanolic and enzymatic extracts.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 2014

최근 목질계, 미세조류, 해양 거대조류 등의 재생가능한 자원으로부터 생산된 많은 화학물질들이 화학산업에 도입되고 있다. 키틴/키토산은 지구상에서 두 번째로 풍부한 자원이며, 게, 새우, 곤충과 같은 갑각류의 껍질로부터 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 키토산으로부터 levulinic acid의 생산을 위하여 고온 산 가수분해와 실험계획법을 적용하여 반응온도, 촉매량, 반응시간의 반응조건을 최적화 하였다. 결과적으로 반응온도와 촉매농도는 높을수록 levulinic acid의 생성이 증가하였고, 반응시간은 일정시간 이후에는 크게 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 최적 반응조건을 조사한 결과, 반응온도 $175^{\circ}C$, 촉매농도 2.4%, 그리고 반응시간 40.7분의 조건에서 2.7 g/L의 levulinic acid를 얻었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 2010

The nutritional demand of oyster larva (Crassostrea gigas) were investigated to determine the optimal culture conditions and improve micro-algae utilization. Changes in nutrients and shell growth were examined in fed and 96-h (48 h in late umbone stage) oysters at four larval stages. Shell growth increased significantly in D shape larvae, regardless of feeding variations. No growth was observed in starved larvae, except in shell length of umbone (to 11.9 ${\mu}m$). Fed larvae showed significant growth in all development stages (P < 0.05). During starvation, lipids were most significantly decreased in all larval stages (by 76.8%, 68.3%, 76.3%, and 40.3%, respectively), followed by protein (41.1%, 31.1%, 33.1%, 16.7%) and nitrogen-free extracts (40.8%, 24.3%, 36.9%, 20.1%), Gross energy (kcal/g) consumption in each larval stage was 49.6%, 35.1%, 39.1%, and 20.4%, respectively. Our results indicate that lipids are the most important energy source during the early larval development stages of C. gigas.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1971

한국산(韓國産) 식용해조류(食用海藻類)의 구성성분(構成成分)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 10종(種)의 식용(食用) 갈조류와 2종(種)의 비식용(非食用) 갈조류를 재료로 하여 일반화학성분(一般化學成分)과 각종 무기염류를 분석 검토하였다. 시료(試料)는 1970년(年) 10월(月) $28{\sim}30$일(日) 제주도에서 채집(採集)하였다. 1) 일반성분(一般成分) 중(中) 수분(水分)은 건물량(乾物量)의 $14{\sim}16%$를 함유하고, 조단백질은 대부분(大部分)이 16% 정도여서 육상야생 식용식물의 경우와 비슷하였다. 조지방(粗脂肪)은 $0.7{\sim}2.0%$ 정도이고, 조섬유(粗纖維)는 $3{\sim}8%$였으나 조회분(粗灰分)은 $9.17{\sim}16.89%$로 매우 높은 함량을 나타내고 있다. 환원당으로 정량한 유리 단당류는 $0.27{\sim}2.49%$를 포함하고 있다. 2) 무기염류 중에서는 Ca이 가장 많아서 $1.73{\sim}2.51%$였고, S이 그 다음으로 $1.0{\sim}1.8%$, Na 과 K이 약 1% 정도였다. Mg과 옥소(沃素)는 약 $0.1{\sim}1%$였고 미량원소에 속하는 Fe과 Zn은 약 $0.01{\sim}0.03%$, Cu와 Mn은 $0.001{\sim}0.005%$ 정도였다. 3) 식용성(食用性) 갈조류와 비식용성(非食用性)인 것 사이에 그 구성성분상(構成成分上) 특기할 차이는 없었고 더욱이 본 실험 결과만으로는 이들의 분류(分類) 내지(乃至) 계통학적(系統學的) 유연관계를 설명해 줄 수 있는 성분상의 차이는 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 4) 해조류가 식품(食品)으로서 지니는 가치는 지방 단백질 및 탄수화물의 함량보다 각종(各種) 무기염류가 다량(多量)으로 또한 다양(多樣)하게 들어 있는 점(點)에 있다고 할 것이다.