• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.309-333
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• 2006

These days, the majority of public service area presents increment of utilizing a contracting-out with the following reasons such as cost-efficiency, maintenance of population changes in flexible manner, and convenience of management. The social changes have influence on policing structure and regional security system as well as problems associated with accepting the contracting-out in the public policing sector. However, many issues such as limited contracting-out sector, difficulty of encouragement of participation to private sector, and limitation of making a contract with contracting-out would be brought up when initiate contracting-out to the public policing sector. Changing security system to lower budget, planning restructure of organization, developing alterable partial contracting-out, establishing private and public cooperate system and rationalizing contract system are the suggestions to solve and modify the raising problems. This study suggests a differentiate regulation of policing services compare to currently existing contracting-out method to consider a distinctive working environment. The suggestions are as follows: 1. develop a security segregate model, 2. build a cooperative system between private and public policing sector, 3. broaden opportunity of participation of private policing sector, 4. open-competition among qualified private tender to make a contract. The private contracting-out in the public security service sector should be manage in different manner compare to other private contracting-out in government-oriented public service sector. Since work performance of each private contracting-out agency is strongly bond to safety of every civilian in the nation, it is essential to increase its standard of qualification of each agency.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5D
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• pp.587-595
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• 2009

Since October 11th, 2007, water taxi service in Han River has been operated for commuting and sightseeing. However, it is less popularized than expected because of economical problem and accessibility. Therefore, this paper develops service estimation items for water taxi based upon literature review on public transportation. It also conducts survey questionnaire and IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) Analysis to analyze service characteristics of water taxi users and provide several implications. The results are follows: First, economical problem should be solved out as showed in the 'main improvement' item. Second, accessibility, informativeness and convenience in the 'required improvement' item, and security and punctuality in the 'keep up the good work' item are presented. Third, kindness and soundness are showed in the 'the maintenance of current situation' item. All in all, if municipal considers economical problem, accessibility, informativeness, and convenience as it improves water tax service, it will make it possible to attract more water taxi users.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.7
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• pp.231-266
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• 1997

TQM is a whole process of systemizing, documenting and measuring of service quality scientifically to achieve zero defects in product quality and to continue to improve the body of the product quality by itself. To have this process be improved continuously, first of all it needs to prepare an ideal environment to understand and to conform to its internal and external customers', that is every guests' and employees' expectations and demands. Then it has to be followed by the next step removing some negative aspects that could be derived from the first mentioned process The third step is to cut the cost be suitable compensation rather than an attitude trying to solve the problems in an easy way. The last essential factor for setting up TQM system is to make good use of the outstanding feature or process as it is reviewed against the superior benchmark. The purpose of this study is meet the customers' expectations and to maximize the hotel's profits by searching TQM(total quality management) strategy in hotels. To attain this research's objective, it follows these three details. Firstly, it defines TQM and its contents. Secondly, it provides the standard of hotel TQM throughout some case studies. Thirdly, it suggests TQM strategic plan in tourism hotel as one of professional management strategies. Two useful methods are used together to achieve the goal of this study. To confirm its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents published in and out of the country is used. The other is case studies of TQM execution in real hospitality industry, which present the cases of the airline, Jefferson Memorial and the hotel. This research is targeting to demonstrate the successful TQM's exercise in a hotel industry by completing the theoretical studies and case studies on service product quality with an understanding of its importance. As it is said earlier, to lead to the successful TQM's practice, it is necessary to maintain a constant training of the employees. Secondly, it also must identify where it has to focus on to deliver a professional quality management. Thirdly, effective quality management organization needs to be build up. The manager's strong will to accomplish and the employee' active participations are the last condition to be succeed. Once again this study places an emphasis on the fact that TQM is critical to maximize the customers' satisfaction and the hotel's profitability. It is also very worthwhile to have every people working on front line recognize why the TQM is important and further more how they can contribute to improve their service quality by a positive participation and a careful observation of TQM's operating in their property.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.193-207
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• 2010

This paper examined the impact of medical esthetic tourism and the recognition of Halleu consciousness (Korean wave) on tourism image, Korean food consciousness, tourist satisfaction and tourist behaviour intention to achieve the aimed purpose of the paper, pre-tested questionnaire that distributed by pre-arranged MA students to deluxe hotels and plastic surgery hospitals was questioned and filled up by Japanese and Chinese tourists who visited Korea for a medical-related purpose. For sampling technique and size, random sampling was used and 211 copies of the questionnaire were collected. Linear regression through PASW 18.0 as a main statistical analysing method was used to examine the hypothesis and the result showed that medical esthetic tourism and recognition of Halleu had positive effects on tourism image, Korean food consciousness, tourist satisfaction and tourist behavioral intention(p<0.001). In particular, the result revealed that esthetic tourism and the recognition of Halleu as the main key factors had strong effects on Korean food consciousness even though there were a number of variety components in tourism. Therefore, to make inbound medical esthetic tourism and the recognition of Halleu more stable and sustainable and make Korean food world-wide recognized, more strategic policies for a specific tourism market are required.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 2002

Through the new round DDA(Doha Development Agenda) negotiations which started in Doha/Qatar conference in November, 2001, service industries have been included in the category of international trades. An electronic commerce cannot be exceptional in this field. The 21st century is largely recognized as the era of globalization, knowledge, and information. To make effective and competitive strategy in this century, it is essentially required to organize Network. OPEN, and FU-PLEX. That is why our government also has been promoting this field since years before, now 10,000,000 people in Korea have joined superhighway internet networks. Korea became the top internet-developed country in the world. As a side-effect of this internet spread into our life, however, there is serious problem we are now faced against. That is the outflow of private information through electronic commerce and other cyber transactions. It has caused many social problems to be rapidly on the rise these days. We are now desperately required to struggle continuously to make a solution for that. Taking the precedent case of Germany and United States which are currently recognized as high-leveled country in protection of private information, we have to come up with legal and technical measures and at the same time, to escalate the social consciousness about private information protection.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.227-246
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• 1991

The study examined work and family life of married women employed in a manufacturing industry. Data were gathered from the use of face-to-face interview method from a sample of 230 married working women. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) Most of the respondents found the work repetitive and unappealing, with the double burden of a paid work and housework. Thus, it is necessary for the government to implement social policies for married working women, such as establishment of various child care centers, part-time jobs, and dissemination of egalitarian sex-role attitudes. (2) More than half of the respondents were born in rural areas and immigrated to the urban sectors, forming a nuclear family structure. Most of these women were married with love, but some of them could not have a marriage ceremony because of the economic reasons. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the service centers to offer a free marital ceremony. (3) About 30% of the respondents answered they left their preschool aged children unattended, after dismissing from a kindergarden on a private institution. It was shown that working women, even though they were in charge of child-rearing, did not have an effective mechanism to control or protect their children while they were away from home. Most of them frequently used material compensations from their children in order to make up their absence at home. (4) It was found that the strategy for working women to decrease a dual-role conflict is to make a hierachy on the work they to do and to do only basic housework for everyday life and to do the rest of work on a off-day.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

As single-person households increase, demands for self interior design has been also increasing. The furniture arrangement takes big part of interior design. But sometimes people need professional helps for the proper and effective arrangement of furniture which makes self-interior design harder. Often, people share information and advices about interior design through Social Network Service. Experts could help directly but this approach would have several issues: First, the detailed and accurate advice would be difficult because experts have to examine the space through 2D pictures or video. Second, they have to make an appointment which would cause inconvenience to both customer and expert. In this paper, the furniture arrangement application for real-time sharing of interior design based on virtual reality is proposed to make up for the weak points. People can precisely share information and advice about self-interior design through this application in realtime, reducing waste of time and energy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.236-244
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to investigate the difference between the standard 'design guideline' in barrier free laws for the disabled and the disabled's real experience in public convenient facilities. It is mainly focused on accessibility by the disabled people who use an electric motion wheel chair, a wheel chair and crutches as well as a visual impaired person in the public resident centers. For this purpose, four resident centers in Busan have been selected as the objects of investigation. We observed and video recorded the disabled people with various handicaps to access and use facilities in four resident centers, and interviewed them afterwards. We found out problems from the perspective of the disabled and figured out the difference between barrier free laws and the disabled's real experience. The research result is as follows. First, it is important to make the arrangement of public convenient facilities according to the flow of the user's movements. Second, it is necessary to provide better conditions for the disabled to access the public toilet easily and conveniently. Third, it is essential for public convenient facilities to be more strictly controlled by regulations. Fourth, we need to make better standards that could reflect real experiences of various disabled users. Fifth, we need to keep providing the best follow-up service for the disabled in terms of using public convenient facilities safely. This study can contribute for designers to understand specific users through their experiences and suggest improvement ideas for better public convenient Facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.4
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• pp.43-71
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• 1975

Operations research has developed rapidly since its origins in World War II. Practitioners of O. R. have contributed to almost every aspect of government and business. More recently, a number of operations researchers have turned their attention to library and information systems, and the author believes that significant research has resulted. It is the purpose of this essay to introduce the library audience to some of these accomplishments, to present some of the author's hypotheses on the subject of library management to which he belives O. R. has great potential, and to suggest some future research directions. Some problem areas in librianship where O. R. may play a part have been discussed and are summarized below. (1) Library location. It is usually necessary to make balance between accessibility and cost In location problems. Many mathematical methods are available for identifying the optimal locations once the balance between these two criteria has been decided. The major difficulties lie in relating cost to size and in taking future change into account when discriminating possible solutions. (2) Planning new facilities. Standard approaches to using mathematical models for simple investment decisions are well established. If the problem is one of choosing the most economical way of achieving a certain objective, one may compare th althenatives by using one of the discounted cash flow techniques. In other situations it may be necessary to use of cost-benefit approach. (3) Allocating library resources. In order to allocate the resources to best advantage the librarian needs to know how the effectiveness of the services he offers depends on the way he puts his resources. The O. R. approach to the problems is to construct a model representing effectiveness as a mathematical function of levels of different inputs(e.g., numbers of people in different jobs, acquisitions of different types, physical resources). (4) Long term planning. Resource allocation problems are generally concerned with up to one and a half years ahead. The longer term certainly offers both greater freedom of action and greater uncertainty. Thus it is difficult to generalize about long term planning problems. In other fields, however, O. R. has made a significant contribution to long range planning and it is likely to have one to make in librarianship as well. (5) Public relations. It is generally accepted that actual and potential users are too ignorant both of the range of library services provided and of how to make use of them. How should services be brought to the attention of potential users? The answer seems to lie in obtaining empirical evidence by controlled experiments in which a group of libraries participated. (6) Acquisition policy. In comparing alternative policies for acquisition of materials one needs to know the implications of each service which depends on the stock. Second is the relative importance to be ascribed to each service for each class of user. By reducing the level of the first, formal models will allow the librarian to concentrate his attention upon the value judgements which will be necessary for the second. (7) Loan policy. The approach to choosing between loan policies is much the same as the previous approach. (8) Manpower planning. For large library systems one should consider constructing models which will permit the skills necessary in the future with predictions of the skills that will be available, so as to allow informed decisions. (9) Management information system for libraries. A great deal of data can be available in libraries as a by-product of all recording activities. It is particularly tempting when procedures are computerized to make summary statistics available as a management information system. The values of information to particular decisions that may have to be taken future is best assessed in terms of a model of the relevant problem. (10) Management gaming. One of the most common uses of a management game is as a means of developing staff's to take decisions. The value of such exercises depends upon the validity of the computerized model. If the model were sufficiently simple to take the form of a mathematical equation, decision-makers would probably able to learn adequately from a graph. More complex situations require simulation models. (11) Diagnostics tools. Libraries are sufficiently complex systems that it would be useful to have available simple means of telling whether performance could be regarded as satisfactory which, if it could not, would also provide pointers to what was wrong. (12) Data banks. It would appear to be worth considering establishing a bank for certain types of data. It certain items on questionnaires were to take a standard form, a greater pool of data would de available for various analysis. (13) Effectiveness measures. The meaning of a library performance measure is not readily interpreted. Each measure must itself be assessed in relation to the corresponding measures for earlier periods of time and a standard measure that may be a corresponding measure in another library, the 'norm', the 'best practice', or user expectations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 1993

The master of ship is always authorised to perform whatever acts are ordinarily necessary for the safe and proper prosecution of the voayge with regard to both ship and cargo. In other words, when a ship is away from her home port, where her business was managed, the master generally carried the owner's authority, and ordinarily he had power to enter into engagements, on their behalf, for carrying goods in the ship, or for letting her service, provided those engagements were consistent with the usual manner of employing her adopted by the owners. Accordingly he has always to decide onboard for an adequate applying of statutory law and cases whenever he acts. But the master would appear to have no such autho-rity where he can communicate with the owners without difficulty as, now-a-days, he nearly always can. This paper, therefore, intend to review some guidance of his authority in accordance with the Korean Code of Commerce as well as precedent based on it. The paper is also simply to place at the disposal of young shipmasters and those who aspire to command some legal information concerning limit of master's authority away from vessel's home port through legal commentation on the precedent, which may assist them to a better understanding of the many problems they may be faced with in the course of their ca-reers. In order to make an efficient study of legal structure concerned for shipmaster's authority, several up-to-date precedents are selected and described herein by writer's opinion for preventing unreasonable legal dispute in this field before courts in future.