• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2020

We investigated the morphology of the scalp hair shaft from the base to the distal end of the newborn hair and the ratio of the longitudinal axis diameter of the scale exposed to the surface of the hair to the diameter of the hair by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Neonatal hair was observed to taper from the area adjacent to the scalp toward the end of the hair. In this study, as the thickness of the hair increases, the ratio of the long axis diameter of the exposed scale becomes relatively small, but the long axis diameter of the exposed scale on the surface of the hair is similar in length regardless of the thickness of the hair. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the major axis diameter of the scales exposed to the surface of fine or thick hair does not change significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational needs for career development according to the job type of nursing college students. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 146 nursing college students from K and P universities in the Busan and Kyungnam areas were analyzed using a career anchor questionnaire. In addition, 28 nursing college students who showed a higher level of tendency among job types were selected and divided into 4 teams, and a focus group interview was conducted based on the contents of the created map. Its purpose is to investigate the educational needs of nursing college students to enhance their career development. First, the career anchor types of the nursing college students showed the highest score in the areas of lifestyle, security and stability, while the lowest types of career anchor were pure challenge and general managerial competence. Second, the educational needs for career development were categorized into four areas, namely major competence, practical competence, personality competence, and resource management competence. The major competences are nursing expertise and skills. The practical competences consisted of ward task management, communication, crisis coping ability and personality competence and these were divided into cooperation and responsibility recognition. The resource management competence consists of time management ability and stress management ability. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can be used as the basic educational data for the career development of nursing college students in the future. In addition, it is expected that they can be applied to the development of a curriculum for the improvement of nursing practice.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2000

The possible mechanism of the DNA strand breaking activity of the hot-water extract of Fructus Chaenomelis (dried fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis) in a closed circular duplex replica form DNA (RFI DNA) was studied through agarose gel electrophresis under various conditions. Induction of DNA strand scission by the hot-water extract of C. sinensis occurred in dose and time-dependent manners. $Cu^{2+}$ was indispensable for the induction of DNA strand breakage. Exogeneous chelating agents inhibited the DNA breaking activity, conforming the catalytic action of $Cu^{2+}$ on generation of free radicals responsible for oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzymes and some radical scavengers were used to investigate the major radical species triggering the DNA strand scission, demonstrating that a highest inhibitory activity was found in the presence of catalase, while less in the presence of tiron (a scavenger for superoxide radical), 2-aminoethyl-isothiuroniumbromide-HBr, cysteamine (scavengers for hydroxyl radical), and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (a scavenger for singlet oxygen) in decreasing order. The findings implied that oxygen radical species generated in presence of transition divalent cation during the oxidation of some compounds contained in the hot-water extract of C. sinensis is mainly responsible for inducing genotoxicity.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.191-212
• /
• 2002

The economic and social bad influences of the illegal fishery bring about the results of the fishery resources exhaustion, of the fishery disorder and of the obstruction to sound management for fishery. The typical illegal fishery conducted in the coastal and offshore area of Korea can be divided as follows; fishery conducted by legally unauthorized method, fishery without permission from the Government, and fishery conducted in contravention of the laws and regulations concerning the fishing vessel, fishing gear and fishing method etc. The major reasons of origination of the illegal fishery in the coastal and offshore area of Korea are; Firstly, almost of the fishermen are poorly equipped in economical scale, Secondly, it is very easy to approach the illegal fishery because the domiciliation condition of the fishing village is deteriorated. Thirdly, almost of the fishermen are lacking in lawabiding spirit. Fourthly, the insolvent and unstable fisheries management policy with the lukewarm enforcement of the fisheries laws and regulations by the Government. Fifthly, the small scale family supporting fisheries are widespreaded. Sixthly, to retrieved the economical difficulties the fishermen are easily led astray the illegal fishery. As a conclusion the authors made some suggestions to stamp out the illegal fishery by this study. For the first, temptation fishermen into lawabiding fishery through intensification of the penal regulations is required. Second, simplification of the fishery type through combination of resemble fishing methods is required. Third, actual improvement of the fundamental fishery permission regime is required. Fourth, Introduction of the self-regulating or co-management system for the fishery management is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study was, to estimate the detergency of commercial detergent and to examine the interrelationship between detergency and detergent characteristics, detergent concentration, fiber characteristics, and Rolling-up phenomenon which is the major removal mechanism of oily soil. A mixture of oleic acid-olive oil was used as oily soil. The detergency was estimated by analysis of oleic acid on cotton ana polyester fabrics before and after washing by means of liquid scintillation counting. The Rolling-up of oily soil from PET film was observed and change of contact angle and removal time were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. In the case of soaps and powder synthetic detergents, the optimum concentrations we-re about $0.2\~0.3\%$. And detergencies of liquid synthetic detergents were considerably low, and the detergency was continually increased up with increasing concentration to $0.5\%$, which seemed to be caused by the lower pH than that of soap and powder synthetic deter-gent solutions. 2. As the effect of external or internal fiber structure; the detergency of cotton was lower than that of polyester. 3. In the observation of Rolling-up, the contact angle increased and the Rolling-up time became shorter with increasing detergent concentrations ($0.05\~0.5\%$). And it was confirmed that detergency was increased with Rolling-up effect. In addition, the study on the actual laundry condition was studied using the questionaire. From the results, about $76\%$ of households used the concentration of detergent roughly or excessively and housewives were highly concerned on the recommended dose, but grade of practice were very low.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

For the purpose of finding correlation between the characteristics of the rural residents and the maintenance activities of naturally favorable waterside spaces, this paper has conducted a research with the focus on the three model case regions in Japan. The methods of the research included surveys, interviews, and documents. The research confirmed that the three regions in focus have characteristics distinct from one another. The rate of participation in group activities was high in a region, with members that belong to groups most active in the maintenance activities. Reasons for their participation included: to manage the local area themselves; and to promote cooperation and friendships among the residents. This proves that participation in the maintenance activities has also attributed to the formation of close communities in the regions. According to the analytic conclusion of the factors related to participation, the residents' experience to have been involved in a professional education program which induces communal participation, acted more as the major factor than the individual ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.246-260
• /
• 2013

This study examines the awareness of traditional Korean food culture among immigrant housewives in multicultural families, with the aim of introducing educational plans suitably designed for them. Our survey shows that Korean traditional holidays most well-known to the immigrant housewives are New Year's Day and Chusuk. Sambok and Chusuk are at the top in terms of preference. Samgyetang, Ddukguk, and Ogokbab are among the best known festive food to immigrant housewives for holidays such as New Year's Day, Jeongwol Daeboreum, Sambok, Chusuk, and Dongji; Samgyetang is the most preferred food, followed by Ddukguk and Patjuk. In addition, a vast majority of immigrant housewives who have ever attended Korean traditional cuisine education programs found the need for such an experience, with the score of 4.16 out of 5. In addition, the survey shows the order in which the immigrant housewives want to learn: the recipe of Korean food (53.5%), followed by table setting and manners (16.5%) and then nutrition (15%). The recipe of interest for most respondents is the one concerning daily food (69.5%). And more than half of the respondents prefer cooking practice as a desirable educational method. The difficulties that they have when attending such an educational course are usually inability to understand the language, difficulty in identifying the ingredients (seasonal), and lack of cultural understanding. The most preferred educational method is direct lecture (71.5%), followed by written materials such as books and newspaper (10.5%) and the Internet (9.5%). Finally, strategies for promoting traditional food culture are suggested as following: developing educational resources (31.5%), making various educational programs more available (25%), narrowing the cultural gap (22%), and improving the educational environment (21.5%). Therefore, this study proposes that there is a need to develop and diffuse Korean traditional food culture first, and then provide many immigrant housewives with a variety of educational programs. It is expected that these efforts will solve the problems caused by cultural differences in the early stage of international marriages and eventually contribute to the harmony in multicultural families.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2011

In 2001, the notion of a fuzzy poset defined on a set X via a triplet (L, G, I) of functions with domain X ${\times}$ X and range [0, 1] satisfying a special condition L+G+I = 1 is introduced by J. Negger and Hee Sik Kim, where L is the 'less than' function, G is the 'greater than' function, and I is the 'incomparable to' function. Using this approach, we are able to define a special class of fuzzy posets, and define the 'skeleton' of a fuzzy poset in view of major relation. In this sense, we define the linear discrepancy of a fuzzy poset of size n as the minimum value of all maximum of I(x, y)${\mid}$f(x)-f(y)${\mid}$ for f ${\in}$ F and x, y ${\in}$ X with I(x, y) > $\frac{1}{2}$, where F is the set of all injective order-preserving maps from the fuzzy poset to the set of positive integers. We first show that the definition is well-defined. Then, it is shown that the optimality appears at the same injective order-preserving maps in both cases of a fuzzy poset and its skeleton if the linear discrepancy of a skeleton of a fuzzy poset is 1.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2012

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has attracted broad interest as a low cost method to define nanometer scale patterns in recent years. A major disadvantage of thermal NIL is the thermal cycle, that is, heating over glass transition temperature and then cooling below it, which requires a significant amount of processing time and limits the throughput. One of the methods to overcome this disadvantage is to improve the cooling performance in NIL process. In this paper, the performance of the cooling system of thermal NIL is numerically investigated by SolidWorks Flow Simulation program. The calculated temperatures of nanoimprint device were verified by the measurements. By using the analysis model, the effects of the change of flow velocity and cooler location on the cooling performance are investigated. For the 6 cases (0.1 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, 3 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s) of flow velocity and for the 6 cases of distances (50 mm, 40 mm, 30 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 1 mm) of cooler location, the heat conjugated flow analyses are performed and discussed.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2013

In this study, we have investigated the effect of the substrate temperature and oxygen flow rate on the characteristics of IZO thin films for the OLED (organic light emitting diodes) devices. For this purpose, IZO thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature and $300^{\circ}C$ with various $O_2$ flow rate. In order to investigate the influences of the oxygen, the flow rate of oxygen in argon mixing gas has been changed from 0.1sccm to 0.5sccm. IZO thin films deposited at room temperature show amorphous structure, whereas IZO thin films deposited at $300^{\circ}C$ show crystalline structure having an (222) preferential orientation regardless of $O_2$ flow rate. The electrical resistivity of IZO film increased with increasing flow rate of $O_2$ under Ar+$O_2$. The change of electrical resistivity with increasing flow rate of $O_2$ was mainly interpreted in terms of the charge carrier concentration rather than the charge carrier mobility. The electrical resistivity of the amorphous-IZO films deposited at R.T. was lower than that of the crystalline-IZO thin films deposited at $300^{\circ}C$. The change of electrical resistivity with increasing substrate temperature was mainly interpreted in terms of the charge carrier mobility rather than the charge carrier concentration. All the films showed the average transmittance over 85% in the visible range. The current density and the luminance of OLED devices with IZO thin films deposited at room temperature in 0.1sccm $O_2$ ambient gas are the highest amongst all other films. The optical band gap energy of IZO thin films plays a major role in OLED device performance, especially the current density and luminance.