• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 1994

A new unidentified pear leaf spot disease presumed to first occur in the late 1970's has recently become prevalent over the pear growing areas, and caused the greatest problem for pear production in Korea. The disease began to develop on pear leaves at mid- to late May, peaked at mid- to late une, but stopped further development until September in cool climate. Leaf lesions are 0.9∼2.5 mm in diam., oval or irregular to rectangular in shape, first appeared reddish purple, later changed to dark brown, and to whitish grey in the late season. Lesions were limited to appear only on the mature, hardened leaves, initially from leaf margin or near the leaf veins, and later scattered over the leaf surface. Individual lesions usually did not enlarge, but often coalesced each other, commonly causing shot holes and eventual early falling. The disease was most severe on the major pear cultivars Niitaka and Okusankichi ranged with 4 to 100% infections in trees, depending on the orchards, but not on the cultivar Chojuro. Damages from the disease included lower fruit weight, and higher acid and less sugar content in fruits, resulting in lowering the overall fruit quality. Etiology of the disease including identification of the causal organism is in a separate paper.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.365-370
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cause of cancer. This study investigated the effects of the ethanol extracts from germinated and non-germinated Keunnunjami rice, a blackish-purple pigmented cultivar with giant embryo, on selected human cancer cell lines and on the antioxidant defense system of mice fed with a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: High fat-fed mice were orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extracts (0.25%, w/w) from brown (B), germinated brown (GB), Keunnunjami (K), and germinated Keunnunjami (GK) rice. RESULTS: In comparison with the brown rice extract, Keunnunjami extract showed higher anticancer effect against cervical and gastric cell lines but lower anticancer activity on liver and colon cancer cells. Mice from the HF group showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activities than the control group. However, the oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet markedly decreased in B, GB, K, and GK groups as compared with the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Germination may be an effective method for improving the anticancer and antioxidative properties of Keunnunjami rice and extracts from germinated Keunnunjami rice may serve as a therapeutic agent against cervical and gastric cancers and oxidative damage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.290-293
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• 2000

The main grape producing regions in Korea were surveyed for the occurrence and relative incidence of crown gall disease on grapevine. The results of the survey showed that the disease tended to affect tetraploid cultivars, which produce a large and sweet fruit but are very weak to cold weather. Incidence of crown gall disease was high on the tetraploid cultivars, Kyoho (Gerbong), Daebong, and Black Olympia while it was low on the diploid cultivars, Cambell Early and Sheridan. The disease incidence was very high on Anseong, Cheonan, and Chincheon, where the major growing areas of tetraploid cultivars and grapevines were burried in the winter to protect from freeze injury, whereas it was low in Yungdong, Kimcheon, and Nonsan. Crown gall disease did not increased with grapevine age on both Cambell Early and Kyoho. It remained low in Cambell Early, but high for all ages on Kyoho, Galls were found on the crown region and mid part of the trunk, but more galls were on small branches and canes on Kyoho grapevines. More than one third of ZKyoho grapevines inspected had galls on multiple locations on grapevines. On Kyoho, 56.3% of the galls covered more than 50% of the crown gall disease affects severely on the cultivar.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2010

The National BioResource Project of Japan is a governmental project to promote domestic/international research activities using biological resources. The project has 27 biological resources including three cereal resources. The core center and sub-center which historically collected the cereal resources were selected for each cereal program. These resources are categorized into several different types in the project; germplasm, genetic stocks, genome resources and database information. Contents of rice resources are wild species, local varieties in East and Southwest Asia & wild relatives, MNU-induced chemical mutant lines, marker tester lines, chromosome substitution lines and other experimental lines. Contents of wheat resources are wild strains, cultivated strains, experimental lines, rye wild and cultivated strains; EST clones and full-length cDNA clones. Contents of barley resources are cultivar and experimental lines, core collection, EST/cDNA clones, BAC clones, their filters and superpool DNA. Each resource is accessible from the online database to see the contents and information about the resources. Links to the genome information and genomic tools are also important function of each database. The major contents and some examples are presented here.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Major diseases of tobacco and farmer's control practices were surveyed in the Kyeongbuk province area from 2005 to 2006. Mosaic caused by potato virus Y and bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum were most severe during the harvest season. Compared with the disease occurrence of ten years ago, the damage by tobacco mosaic virus reduced but bacterial wilt increased. These changes in the disease occurrences may probably be due to releasing the resistant tobacco cultivar to the mosaic virus but susceptible to the bacterial wilt pathogen. More than thirty percentage of the farmers have misused fungicides and also have applied the continuous mono-cropping system for more than ten years, and have chosen the incorrect crops for the rotation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2015

Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Floral scent emitted from many plants is the key factor for pollinator attraction and defense for survival in nature and is important industrial materials for perfumery as well. It is a complex mixture of various organic molecules with a high volatility or a high vapor pressure. In general, floral scents are divided into three categories, aliphatics, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, based on its origin. About 1,700 scent compounds have been identified and their biochemistry and molecular biology also have elucidated their biosynthesis from various flowering plants during the last ten years. In addition to improvement of vase life, flower color and shape, and/or disease resistance, floral scent is coming up to the major breeding target for improvement of marketability. Therefore, metabolic engineering can be an important tool in near future and may be able to facilitate the breeding program for novel cultivar selection and improvement of marketability of floricultural crops.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

Some physicochemical characteristics like nutritional values, sugar content, and fatty acid composition (FAs) in fruits of four papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars ('Red Lady', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Tainung', and 'BH-65') grown under plastic greenhouse conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated. The chemical characteristics, except acidity in the fruits, significantly varied among the cultivars. Nitrogen (N) was the most abundant mineral in all papaya cultivars and ranged from $0.80\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'Red Lady' to $1.28\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'BH-65' in fresh weight. Potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were found the highest amount in dry weight. Glucose and fructose were identified as the main sugars in all cultivars. Sucrose was in trace amounts in the three cultivars, but not detectable in cultivar 'Red Lady'. Twenty-five FAs were detected in the papaya fruits. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be in a highest amounts compared to the saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids were the major fatty acids detected in all cultivars. The results of this study implied that dietary intake of papayas may supply substantial nutrient components necessary for human health.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2000

Composition of fatty acids (FAs) in Pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed by gas chromatography and compositional changes according to cultivar, fruitbody section and developmental stage (days after primordia formation) were investigated. Major FAs in oyster mushroom were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Unsaturated FAs were higher in pileus portion than upper- or lower-stipe portion. Oleic acid content was increased with developmental days but linoleic acid content was highest at $3{\sim}4$ days after primordia formation and then decreased after that. And ratio of unsaturated FAs/saturated FAs was decreased with basidiocarp maturation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2016

Persimmon has long been established as one of the major fruits in Korea. The southern parts of Korea were traditionally the pocket areas for good persimmon production; however, rising temperatures have gradually rendered the southern regions unsuitable for successful harvest. Ecology of fruit growing areas affects the productivity of various types of crops, including fruit trees such as persimmon. The quality characteristics of the fruit of persimmon cv. Dongchul grown in Gangwondo, which lies in the northern part of South Korea, were investigated. Different physicochemical, nutritional, and antioxidant properties of fruit were evaluated to assess the locational effect on the quality of persimmon fruits grown in Gangwondo. The results of this study showed that persimmon cv. Dongchul grown in Gangwondo maintains many of the physicochemical (4.33% crude protein and 4.32% crude fiber), nutritional (total mineral content: 461.51 and vitamin C content: 15.28 ㎎/100 g), and antioxidant properties (polyphenol content: 633.1 ㎎ gallic acid equivalent/100 g) those are found in other three commercial cultivars ‘Daebong’, ‘Kyengsan Bansi’, and ‘Sangju Doongsi’ grown in Korea. Overall results of this study imply that ‘Dongchul’ cultivar of persimmon could commercially be grown in Kangwondo, Korea.