• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.367-371
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• 1993

The feeding value of maize cob meal was investigated in a trial involving one hundred and forty Arbor Acre day-old chicks raised to eight weeks of age. The maize cob meal which contained 32.5% fibre, 2.5% protein and had a gross energy value of 2,550 kcal/kg, was incorporated into the experimental diets at either 0, 2.9, 5.8, 11.6 or 23.2% level. All diets were formulated to contain 3,200 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy and approximately 22% protein by varying the proportions of maize and whole cooked soyabean meal in the diets. The inclusion of maize cob meal up to 11.6% in the diet did not significantly (p>0.05) affect body weight gains, feed consumption and utilization, as well as carcass yield and dressing percentage. However, at the 23.2% level of maize cob meal inclusion, body weight gains, feed utilization and carcass yields were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. The use of maize cob meal reduced feed cost for raising birds and either maintained or improved gross profit returns with up to 11.6% level of inclusion in the diet. It was concluded that maize cob meal can be included up to 11.6% in the diet of broiler chickens provided dietary energy concentration is maintained at 3,200 kcal of metabolisable energy per kilogramme of feed by using high energy density feed ingredient such as boiled whole seed soyabean meal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2022

Purple com Saekso 1 was developed by Maize Research Institute (Hongcheon, Gangwon, Korea) and registered in 2011. Saekso 1 is a anthocyanin-rich hybrid variety that is yellow grain, purple husk and cob. Purple husk and cob of Saekso 1 is as a resource for the bioactive material by health food. In order to investigate optimum sowing date and planting density of Saekso 1. Agronomic characteristics were compared by sowing times April 25, May 15 and June 5. Husk dry weight were 68,72 and 70kg·10a-1, respectively. Cob dry weight were 90, 92 and 92kg·10a-1, respectively. Content of cyanidin-3-glucoside in husk were 0.56, 0.62 and 0.56% and in cob were 0.19, 0.14 and 0.17%. Therefore, the sowing time to increase husk and cob weight and content of cyanidin-3-glucoside is appropriate for planting in mid-May. The number of plants in planting density trial was 9,400, 7,000, 5,700 and 4,700 plants in 10a area. Plant height at each trial were 249, 250, 246 and 248cm, respectively. Husk dry weight were 76, 67 and 63 and 60kg·10a-1, respectively. Cob dry weight were 112, 92, 87 and 81kg·10a-1, respectively. Content of cyanidin-3-glucoside in husk were 0.70, 0.71, 0.71 and 0.75% and in cob were 0.21, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.20%. Therefore, appropriate sowing time was in mid-May and planting density was 5,700~7,000 plants·10a-1 in order to increase the yield and content of cyanidin-3-glucoside of purple com in South Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 1993

Hand dibbling in rows produced higher (p < 0.05) fresh and dry matter (DM), fodder yield, higher plant density and cob yield than broadcasted. However, the varying seed rates (40, 50 and 55 kg/ha) did not affect (p < 0.05) the fresh and DM yield and cob yield except for 30 kg/ha seed rate which produced the lowest (p < 0.01). However, the overall average fresh fodder yield and the fresh and DM yield of cob were 24.97, 10.04 and 6.90 t/ha respectively. The overall average plant height (cm), cob/plant (nos.) plant/ha, (nos.) cob/ha (nos.) and weight (g) of one cob were 178, 1.11, 664141, 70104 and 145 respectively for both the sowing methods and the four seed rates. Crude protein contents of maize plant and cob by-products (8.12% and 7.34% respectively) indicated promising cattle feeds along with human food.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Cement bonded boards of 10 mm in thickness were produced from the mixture of Gmelina arborea sawdust and corn cob particles. The strength and dimensional stability of cement bonded composites produced from these two mixtures were examined. A total of thirty experimental boards were produced at density level of 1,000 kg/㎥ with cement to fibre ratio of 2.5:1 and 3:1 and five (5) blending proportions of G. arborea sawdust to corn cob particles of 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 100:0. The effect of the cement to fibre ratio and blending proportion on the Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) were determined. The result indicates that as the mixing ratio of cement to fibre and blending proportion of maize cob (75%) to G. arborea (25%) increased, the thickness swelling, water absorption decreased, whereas the MOR and MOE increased. It also shows that most dimensionally stable and flexural strength boards were produced at the highest level of mixing ratios (3:1) and blending proportion of G. arborea to corn cob 25:75. However, the analysis of variance shows that TS and WA were significantly different, whereas, MOE and MOR were not significantly affected by mixing ratios and blending proportions. Finding of this study has shown that maize cob particles are suitable for cement bonded board production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1724-1727
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• 2001

A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crosses when fed diets containing graded levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crossbred pigs of approximately 4.5 months of age, were randomly allocated to four diets that contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cobs/kg, which corresponded to 276.4, 360.3, 402.9 and 523.5 g NDF/kg, respectively. The pigs were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks. The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of energy (ca. 9MJ ME/kg) and protein (ca.160 g CP/kg). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored for 14 weeks. At slaughter, the cold dressed weight (CDM) and backfat thickness (BFT) were determined. There was no significant linear relationship (p>0.05) between level of cob inclusion and ADFI. The ADG decreased as level of maize cobs increased (p<0.001). The pigs that were on 300 g cobs/kg had the highest FCR (p<0.05) as compared to pigs on the other three diets. No differences (p>0.05) were observed in the CDM between pigs that were fed diets that had 0 and 100 g maize cobs/kg. In addition, pigs on 100 and 200 g cobs/kg diets had the same CDM (p>0.05). The diet that contained 300 g cobs/kg gave the lowest (p< 0.001) CDM. Both BFT parameters showed a decrease (p<0.05) as level of maize cobs increased. An increase in CDM was associated with an increase in BFT (p<0.001), with the correlation coefficient between K7.5 and CDM being 0.84 (p<0.001). It can, therefore, be concluded that crossbred pigs perform well on diets containing up to 200 g/kg maize cobs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

Unsaponifiables in the kernel and the cob of 7 maize varieties were analyzed by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for the identification of phytosterols and their concentrations. The unsaponifiables of the kernel were clearly separated into band I (campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}$-sitosterol), band II (${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol), band III (${\Delta}^7$- stigmastenol), and band IV (${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol). In the cob, on the other hand, three or more bands were separated in addition to bands. The GC analysis of unsaponifiables showed good separation of campesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, but the mixture of ${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol (retention time[RT] 22.846), ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol (RT 22.852), and ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol (RT 22.862) showed poor separation. Phytosterol content of the maize kernel was 635.9 mg/100 g, and that of the cob was 273.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The phytosterol content of the kernel was 2.4-fold higher than that of the cob. The phytosterol content of the kernel was higher in the order ${\beta}$sitosterol 80.05% > campesterol 10.5% > stigmasterol 9.46%, but that of the cob was higher in the order ${\beta}$-sitosterol 59.43% > stigmasterol 31.72% > campesterol 10.98%. Based on these results, it appears that the phytosterols of the maize kernel are synthesized in the maize cob and are transferred to the kernel, because the precursors (${\Delta}^7$-avenasterol, ${\Delta}^7$-stigmastenol, and ${\Delta}^5$-avenasterol) of major phytosterols were detected in maize cobs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.196-210
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• 2017

The synergistic effect on phosphate solubilization of single- and co-inoculation of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia (C1) and Alcaligenes aquatilis (H6), was assessed in liquid medium and maize plants. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus (309.66 ?g/mL) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. cepacia (305.49 ?g/mL) and A. aquatilis strain (282.38 ?g/mL). Based on a plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated maize seedlings showed significant increases in shoot height (75%), shoot fresh weight (93.10%), shoot dry weight (84.99%), root maximum length (55.95%), root fresh weight (66.66%), root dry weight (275%), and maximum leaf length (81.53%), compared to the uninoculated control. In a field experiment, co-inoculated maize seedlings showed significant increases in cob length (136.92%), number of grain/cob (46.68%), and grain weight (67.46%) over control. In addition, single inoculation of maize seedlings also showed improved result over control. However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of either bacterial strains and co-inoculation of these two bacterial strains in terms of phosphate solubilization index, phosphorous release, pH of the media, and plant growth parameters. Thus, single inoculation and co-inoculation of these bacteria could be used as biofertilizer for improving maize growth and yield.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

Exserohilum turcicum is a fungus that causes northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and has deleterious effects on maize production globally. Therefore, it is prudent to mitigate the effects of NCLB using genetic diversity. The objective of this research was to assess the severity of NCLB disease on the growth and yield of various maize genotypes. A randomized complete block design field experiment, replicated three times, was conducted to evaluate the effect of E. turcicum on 10 maize hybrids. Percent disease index, plant height, and leaf area were recorded at the silk stage. Cob weight, grain fresh weight, and grain yields were determined at harvest maturity. All measured parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) between the maize hybrids. Of the 10 genotypes, four (PAN 4R-528R, PAN 4R-728BR, PAN 3R-724BR, and P1788BR) were susceptible, five (DKC74-74BR, PAN 5R-582R, PAN 5R-890R, PAN 5R-854R, and PAN 5R-590R) were moderately susceptible, and one (DKC80-40BR) was moderately resistant. DKC80-40BR exhibited greater cob weight, while DKC74-74BR was superior in all other plant growth and yield components. Interestingly, although not significant (P>0.05) and high, maize growth and yield parameters had negative correlations with disease incidence, except for grain fresh weight. Therefore, DKC80-40BR may be selected for cultivation in areas prone to NCLB to reduce maize susceptibility to the disease, while DKC74-74BR may improve crop performance. These hybrids could be considered as potential sources of resistance or tolerance to NCLB for further validation by plant breeders.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

Field experiment was conducted during 1993-94 season to determine the pattern of nutrient uptake and productivity of maize/sweet potato intercropping system. Four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150kg N ${ha}_{-1}$) and four levels of potassium (0, 40, 80 and 120kg $K_2$O ${ha}_{-1}$) formed treatment variables. Plants were sampled periodically to determine dry matter and tissue concentrations of N and K in the individual plant components of intercropped maize and sweet potato. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizer did not interact significantly to nutrient uptake by any plant parts of intercropped maize and sweet potato. But application of N fertilizer independently enhanced N uptake in all the plant parts of maize and sweet potato. The uptake of N in leaf, leaf sheath, stem, husk, and cob of maize increased upto 90 days after planting (DAP) but grain continued to accumulate N till its maturity. Sweet potato exhibited a wide variation in N uptake pattern. Sweet potato leaf shared the maximum uptake of N at 50 DAP which rapidly increased at 70 DAP and then declined. Declination of N uptake by petiole and stem were observed after 120 DAP whereas N uptake by tuber increased slowly upto 90 DAP and then rapidly till harvest. Rate of applied K had very little effect on the uptake patterns in different components of intercropped maize. Pattern of K uptake by leaf, petiole and stem of sweet potato showed almost similar trend to N uptake. But uptake of K by tuber increased almost linearly with the K application. Pattern of N and K uptake by grain and tuber paralleled the grain yield of maize and sweet potato respectively. Intercropped productivity of maize and sweet potato found to be better by the application of 100kg N and 120 kg $K_2$O ${ha}_{-1}$

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1669-1679
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• 2015

The quest to broaden the narrow range of feed ingredients available to pig producers has prompted research on the use of low cost, unconventional feedstuffs, which are typically fibrous and abundant. Maize cobs, a by-product of a major cereal grown worldwide, have potential to be used as a pig feed ingredient. Presently, maize cobs are either dumped or burnt for fuel. The major challenge in using maize cobs in pig diets is their lignocellulosic nature (45% to 55% cellulose, 25% to 35% hemicellulose, and 20% to 30% lignin) which is resistant to pigs' digestive enzymes. The high fiber in maize cobs (930 g neutral detergent fiber/kg dry matter [DM]; 573 g acid detergent fiber/kg DM) increases rate of passage and sequestration of nutrients in the fiber reducing their digestion. However, grinding, heating and fermentation can modify the structure of the fibrous components in the maize cobs and improve their utilization. Pigs can also extract up to 25% of energy maintenance requirements from fermentation products. In addition, dietary fiber improves pig intestinal health by promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which suppress proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. This paper reviews maize cob composition and the effect on digestibility of nutrients, intestinal microflora and growth performance and proposes the use of ensiling using exogenous enzymes to enhance utilization in diets of pigs.