• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.225-228
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Accurate clinical evaluation of the alignment of the calcaneus relative to the tibia in the coronal plane is essential in the evaluation and treatment of hindfoot pathologic condition. Previously described standard anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographic methods of the foot or ankle do not demonstrate alignment of the tibia relation to the calcaneus in the coronal plane. The purpose of this study was to introduce hindfoot coronal alignment view. Material : 1) Both feet were imaged simultaneously on an elevated, radiolucent foot stand equipment. 2) Both feet stood on a radiolucent platform with equal weight on both feet. 3) Both feet are located foot axis longitudinal perpendicular to the platform. 4) Silhouette tracing around both feet are made, and line is then drawn to bisect the silhouette of the second toe and the outline of the heel. 5) The x-ray beam is angled down approximately $15^{\circ} to $20^{\circ} Result : 1) This image described tibial axis and medial, lateral tuberosity of calcaneus. 2) Calcaneus do not rotated. 3) The view is showed by talotibial joint space. Conclusion: Although computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging techniques are capable of demonstrating coronal hindfoot alignment, they lack usefulness in most clinical situations because the foot is imaged in a non-weight bearing position. But hindfoot coronal alignment view is obtained for evaluating position changing of inversion, eversion of the hindfoot and varus, valgus deformity of calcaneus.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2013

An orthotropic magneto-rheological rubber composite (MRRC) based on a general-purpose rubber can be manufactured by using an electromagnetic device during the curing processes of rubber mixtures. The magnetic transmissivity of MRRCs increases with the iron particle (IP) content, and that of aligned MRRCs with a 2-T magnetic field is 1.8 to 2 times higher as compared to that of randomly dispersed MRRCs. The effect of a 2-T magnetic field on carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced MRRC has been identified clearly, and the magnetic transmissivity is found to be 3.7%. The compressive stress of MRRC (IP 90 + CNT 5, 2 T alignment) under a magnetic field of 0.49 T is 2.1 times higher as compared to that of the matrix. The MR effect of MRRC increases with the IP content, and that of aligned MRRC with the IP 90 and 2 T magnetic field is 20.4%. It is confirmed that the magnetic field when making the specimen and when performing the compression test greatly impacts the compression characteristics.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1996

Study on the HDDr Characteristics of Nd16Fe76-xB8Zrx (x=0-2.0) Alloys and the Magnetic Properties of the HDDR Materials Nd16Fe76-xB8Zrx (where x=0-2.0) have been studied to see the effect of Zr addition on HDDR characteristics. A particular emphasis was place upon the anisotropy of the HDDR material. Anisotropy of the HDDR powder material has been evaluated by comparing the remanence values of the aligned sample measured along the aligning direction and the direction perpendicular to it. The HDDR characteristics of the alloys were investigated by means of DAT and TPA. Magnetic chracterisation of the HDDR processed materials was performed using a VSM and a TMA. The magnetic domain structure of the HDDR materials was examined by means of polarised microscope using a solid HDDR processed material. It has veen found that small addition (0.1 at %) of Zr to Nd-Fe-B-type alloy retards thedisproportionatio kinetics of the hydrogenated material. Desorption characteristic of the disproportionated materials has been found not to be affected significantly by the Zr addition. The Zr addition has been found to facilitate size of the powder. As the particle size decreases, the intrinsic coercivity decreases radically, and this is explained in terms of structural damage and/or oxidation caused during mechanical milling. It has also been found that the degree of alignment representing the anisotropic character of the HDDR powder is enhanced with decreasing particle size. Alloys with compositions based on

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2003

The single layer direct-coupled YBCO SQUID magnetometers have been fabricated and characterized for the purpose of the measurement of weak magnetic signals in unshielded environment. Two types of magnetometers have been designed and fabricated using 10 mm$\times$ 10 mm substrates. We could operate the conventional 3-mm-wide solid pickup loop magnetometers more stably than the 12-parallel-line pickup loop magnetometers in laboratory environment. We developed a first-order electronic gradiometer system using the SQUID sensors with axial displacement of 80 mm without any mechanical alignment of magnetometers. The system with a software filter using calculation of discrete Fourier transform could record clearly weak pulse signal of 100 pT in a magnetically disturbed environment.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2007

Recently far infra-red (FIR) polarization of the $850{\mu}m$ continuum emission from T Tauri disks has been detected. The observed degree of polarization is around 3 %. Since thermal emission from dust grains dominates the spectral energy distribution at the FIR regime, dust grains might be the cause of the polarization. We explore alignment of dust grains by radiative torque in T Tauri disks and provide predictions for polarized emission for disks viewed at different wavelengths and viewing angles. In the presence of magnetic field, these aligned grains produce polarized emission in infrared wavelengths. When we take a Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck-type distribution with maximum grain size of $500-1000{\mu}m$, the degree of polarization is around 2-3 % level at wavelengths larger than ${\sim}100{\mu}m$. Our study indicates that multifrequency infrared polarimetric studies of protostellar disks can provide good insights into the details of their magnetic structure.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.206-210
• /
• 2006

A room-temperature ferromagnetism has been observed for oxygen-deficient rutile and anatase $TiO_{2-{\delta}}$ films. XPS data revealed the existence of $Ti^{3+}$ ions, for compensating the charge imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies in the film. The observed ferromagnetism is attributable to the spin ($3d^1$) alignment of the $Ti^{3+}$ ions. Such spin alignment can happen through magnetic polaron formed by trapped electron in oxygen vacancy and magnetic $Ti^{3+}$ ions around it.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 1992

Barium ferrite thin films were reactively deposited with Fe and BaO composite targets by a facing tergects sputtering unit. When thermally oxidized silicon wafers were used as substrates, minimum substrate heating of $750^{\circ}C$ was necessary for the perfect c-axis alignment in barium ferrite films. To lower the critical substrate temperature for the good c-axis alignment, such seed layers as ZnO, ${\alpha}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ and ${\gamma}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ were tested. The excellent c-axis algnment of BaM was obtained at a substrate temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ on ZnO seed layer whose (002) plane was parallel to the substrate surface. The magnetic properties of the BaM film showed saturation magnetization of 295 emu/cc, perpendicular coercivity of 1.7 kOe and squareness of 0.75. Optimum deposition rate of $230\;{\AA}/min$ was obtained with the composite target and this was 5 to 20 times higher than those of other investigators with oxide targets.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2008

This paper examines the design and the performance of a PMA-RSM(permanent-magnet assisted reluctance synchronous motor) for washing machine. A FEM(finite element method) is used to analyze performance and maximum torque characteristic of the proposed PMA-RSM. The designed motor is a combination of salient poles, which is making reluctance torque, and permanent magnet which are located on the air-gap of rotor to get a enough torque during low speed resign. Typical flux barrier type reluctance synchronous motor and the effects of adding magnet into the flux barrier of the rotor of a PMA-RSM are compared and examined. Also the maximum torque point of the reluctance torque by reluctance and reaction torque by magnetic alignment torque, which is in barrier, of the proposed PMS-RSM are derived through simulation. Using this results, the characteristics analysis of a performance, an average torque and a torque ripple of flux barrier RSM and the proposed PMA-RSM are performed through FEM under the saturation effect respectively.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 1996

Highly oriented ${BaFe_{12}{O_{19}$ films were obtained by a KrF excimer laser ablation technique using (110)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$(001)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ and $(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ substrates, respectively.The degree of alignment of more than 95% were achieved for (100) on (110)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ and (001)$(001){Al_2}{O_3}$ planes, and heteroepitaxial films of (114) on (012)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$were possible to be grown with a lasing energy density of 6.67 J/$cm^2$ at an oxygen partial pressure ${PO_2}$ of 900 mTorr. The best magnetic properties were obtained from the as-deposited films at the substrate temperature of $700^{\circ}C$, and post annealing treatment was not needed to enhance the magnetic properties. Experimentally saturated magnetization ($4_pi M_S$) of 3600~3800 Gauss and coercivities $(H_c)$ of 3050~3080 Oe, which approach 85% of those of Ba-ferrite bulk composed of single domain particles, were obtained in this study.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2006

Vacuum deposited copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was placed as a thin interlayer between indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a hole transporting layer (HTL) in a multi-layered, organic, light-emitting diode (OLEOs). The well-stacked CuPc layer increased the stability and efficiency of the devices. Thermal annealing after CuPc deposition and magnetic field treatment during CuPc deposition were performed to obtain a stacked-CuPc layer; the former increased the stacking density of the CuPc molecules and the alignment of the CuPc film. Thermal annealing at about 100$^{circ}C$ increased the current flow through the CuPc layer by over 25$\%$. Surface roughness decreased from 4.12 to 3.65 nm and spikes were lowered at the film surface as well. However, magnetic field treatment during deposition was less effective than thermal treatment. Eventually, a higher luminescence at a given voltage was obtained when a thermally-annealed CuPc layer was placed in the present, multi-layered, ITO/CuPc/NPD/Alq3/LiF/AI devices. Thermal annealing at about 100$^{circ}C$ for 3 h produced the most efficient, multi-layered EL devices in the present study.