• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.771-776
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the regulation mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) by water-extracted Cyperus rotundus (WCR) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We investigated the effects of cell proliferation in mouse spleen cell and RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. WCR enhanced mitogenic activity in the dose-response manner in mouse spleen cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. In nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by WCR, WCR alone had an effect on NO synthesis. It was found that the production of NO of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be markedly inhibited by WCR. Inhibition of NO production was achieved by reducing inducible nitric oxide syntheses(iNOS) mRNA expression. The expression of IL-I gene by WCR was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In RT-PCR, IL-1 family(IL-1 α, IL-1β) expressions were induced by WCR. These finding suggested that regulation of NO production by WCR may be, at least in part, associated with the regulation of iNOS mRNA expression and IL-1 family gene expression.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-417
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• 2004

The important goal of urban renewal is not to reform only Physical environment but to improve people' life quality. people who have been lived in urban renewal area are grouped to owner and tenant. owner of land or house has substituent right but tenant has only house-moving money or rental house by urban renewal. But rental house condition is not good to tenant because tenant has large family, low-income and low grade and it is essential to provide rental house for low-income class and it is worth to analyze tenant house problem The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of public rental house and to presents solutions. The study was done in following process. First, the literatures on this subject were investigated to seek the problems of public rental house. Second, Survey were done on the staff, who works in the cooperative housing redevelopment and whose jobs are officer, consultant, real estate introducer and designer, to seek problems and solution of public rntal house. survey which is made by three group. one group is made by people who already lived in tenant APT, second group is made by people who are waiting for moving in tenant APT. Third group is made by specialist who has many experience-more than 3years- to urban renewal. Third, the Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the relation between the Area and dwelling satisfaction. Fourth, tenant policy' altenative is presented to solve tenant APT' problem which is analyzed by this study The results are as follows : First, tenant APT' size Which is regulated to 30-$45m^{2}$ is enlarged to more than $45m^{2}$ because tenant family is made up averagely of 4.8 persons. Second, tenant APT' rental cost is reduced to 100 thousand won. Third tenant APT' arrangement is divided from owner because tenant and owner want to live in group by group. Fourth, tenant house type is changed to various house type because tenant is not familiar with APT

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.765-775
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• 2019

A new ${\alpha}$-amylase-encoding gene (amySL3) of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 was identified in soda lake isolate Alkalibacterium sp. SL3. The deduced AmySL3 shares high identities (82-98%) with putative ${\alpha}$-amylases from the genus Alkalibacterium, but has low identities (<53%) with functionally characterized counterparts. amySL3 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme (rAmySL3) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The optimal temperature and pH of the activity of the purified rAmySL3 were determined to be $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, respectively. rAmySL3 was found to be extremely halophilic, showing maximal enzyme activity at a nearly saturated concentration of NaCl. Its thermostability was greatly enhanced in the presence of 4 M NaCl, and it was highly stable in 5 M NaCl. Moreover, the enzyme did not require calcium ions for activity, and was strongly resistant to a range of surfactants and hydrophobic organic solvents. The major hydrolysis products of rAmySL3 from soluble starch were maltobiose and maltotriose. The high ratio of acidic amino acids and highly negative electrostatic potential surface might account for the halophilic nature of AmySL3. The extremely halophilic, calcium-independent, and surfactant-resistant properties make AmySL3 a promising candidate enzyme for both basic research and industrial applications.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2022

Liraglutide (Saxenda^R) is prescribed to induce and sustain weight loss in obese patients. The starting dose of liraglutide is 0.6 mg/day for 1 week, which is increased by 0.6 mg/day every week until the full maintenance dose of 3 mg/day is achieved. Such dose titration is needed to prevent side effects, which primarily include gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. A 35-year-old, reportedly healthy obese man receiving liraglutide treatment for obesity visited the emergency room complaining of generalized weakness and dizziness accompanied by repeated diarrhea and vomiting. He reported over 20 episodes of diarrhea starting the day after liraglutide dose escalation from 1.2 mg/day to 1.8 mg/day. Laboratory findings suggested pre-renal acute kidney injury, including serum creatinine 4.77 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 37 mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15 ml/min/1.73 m², and Fractional excretion of sodium 0.08. After volume repletion therapy, his renal function recovered to a normal range with laboratory values of creatinine 1.08 mg/dl, BUN 14 mg/dl, and eGFR 88 ml/min/1.73 m². This case emphasizes the need for caution when prescribing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including liraglutide, given the risk of serious renal impairments induced by volume depletion and dehydration through severe-grade diarrhea and vomiting.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2012

Objective: We performed this study to determine the association between childhood asthma and residential environment risk factors including VOCs and formaldehyde exposure. Methods: We selected an asthma group (30) and a control gorup (30) through physicain diagnosis and assessed the VOCs and formaldehyde levels of exposure of elementary school children in Seoul. Results: In the results, there were no significant differences in socioeconomic factors between case and control groups. However, there were significant differences in family asthma history, amount of sunlight, level of humidity and number of household residents (p < 0.05). The level of VOC (toluene, ethylbenzene, stylene, m,p-xylene) exposure level of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05) and the result of logistic regression showed that asthma family history, amount of humidity and number of household residents were significant predictors of childhood asthma (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Some residential environments such as lower amounts of sunlight, greater amounts of humidity and smaller numbers of household residents and VOC exposure were determinded as risk factors for childhood asthma.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1999

The medicolegal problem can be occurred in all medical field. Especially pre-hospital stage can be more exposed to the legal claims due to the very nature of EMT business and characteristics of ER patient or their family member. All Emergency Medical Technician should be concerned about the law associated with emergency care for handling the medicolegal problem, so the legally risky situations that may be occurred in pre-hospital stage and ER practice. This study reviewed malpractice claim of emergency patients filed in at Association of malpractice patients' family and two tertiary level hospitals. Problems related to treatment and misdiagnosis. Especially issues concerning emergency medical service system including of inadequate transport, delay in triage and transport accounted for many cases of all claims. This alerts us to the seriousness of medical accidents of emergency patient. This paper suggests several items that all E.M.T and every member of ED health care team always have to remember the medicolegally risk situations, must be trained in understanding the patients' wants and desires and should have the knowledge of the law associated with emergency health care. Develop the system that can share the informations about the medicolegal events which were experienced by each ED health care institutes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.92-103
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• 2004

This design was submitted to an invited competition for the Ski Resort of Kangwon Land which was held by Kangwon Land Resort in August, 2003. The site is located at 1∼17 Gohan-ri Gohan-eup Jungsungun Kangwon-do and has an area of 5,000,000$m^2$. The objectives of this project were to revitalize the local economy of Sabuk, Gohan which is well Down for deserted coal mines, by creating a resort complex for family group users with an environmentally friendly ski facility. This design scheme addresses three areas of concerns: First, how to boost the local economy through the proposed ski resort. By limiting lodging facilities in the ski resort, we could induce more development in the nearby towns. In order to balance the economical benefit to towns of Sabuk and Gohan, we decided to have two separate ski base facilities in each town boundary. Second, how to encourage family-oriented use of the ski resort by designing user-friendly ski slope, especially for beginner skiers. We designed 50% more beginner-level ski slope compared to average ski resorts. Third, how to make environmentally-friendly ski resort by respecting the original land form. We minimized the damage to the natural environment by protecting valuable tree groves. Also, ski slopes are designed to reduce unnecessary earth movement. This was designed under the assumption that more valley-oriented slopes would result in less cutting and banking of earthwork； this assumption was verified in comparison with other ski resorts. It is expected that this desist would serve environmentally-friendly designs in ski slopes.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of children's behavior problems and child-rearing stress to rejective parenting attitude in mothers. Methods: Study participants were 595 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of 10 kindergartens or infant schools in M or B Cities. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, CBCL (Child Behavior Check List), PARQ (Parenting Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire), and PSI (Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Abidin). Regression analysis was the statistical method used for data analysis. Results: The factors associated with rejective parenting attitude were child-rearing stress, birth order, mother's education, the major caregiver in the family, and the type of family. These factors explained 33.7% of rejective parenting attitude. Conclusion: The findings indicate a need to develop and provide parenting programs to reduce child-rearing stress in mothers.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-74
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• 2005

A LIM protein gene homologue of the CRP (cysteine­rich protein) family in the whiter-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis, was cloned. The P. brevitarsis LIM protein cDNA encodes a 92 amino acid polypep­tide with a predicted molecular mass of 10,030 Da and a pI of 8.57. The P. brevitarsis LIM protein contains the cysteine-rich consensus sequence of LIM domain and the glycine-rich consensus sequence observed in the cysteine-rich protein family 1 (CRPl). The potential nuclear targeting signal is retained. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. brevitarsis LIM protein cDNA showed 92$\%$ identity to another beetle, Apriona germari LIM protein. Northern blot analysis showed that P. brevitarsis LIM protein is highly expressed in epidermis and midgut, but not in the fat body.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1931-1937
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• 2019

The heterologous expression of the Streptomyces natural product (NP) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has become an attractive strategy for the activation, titer improvement, and refactoring of valuable and cryptic NP BGCs. Previously, a Streptomyces artificial chromosomal vector system, pSBAC, was applied successfully to the precise cloning of large-sized polyketide BGCs, including immunosuppressant tautomycetin and antibiotic pikromycin, which led to stable and comparable production in several heterologous hosts. To further validate the pSBAC system as a generally applicable heterologous expression system, the daptomycin BGC of S. roseosporus was cloned and expressed heterologously in a model Streptomyces cell factory. A 65-kb daptomycin BGC, which belongs to a non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS) family, was cloned precisely into the pSBAC which resulted in 28.9 mg/l of daptomycin and its derivatives in S. coelicolor M511(a daptomycin non-producing heterologous host). These results suggest that a pSBAC-driven heterologous expression strategy is an ideal approach for producing low and inconsistent Streptomyces NRPS-family NPs, such as daptomycin, which are produced low and inconsistent in native host.