• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2013

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-cysteine on sperm characteristics and oocyte cleavage in vitro in Korean native cattle. For this study, the freezing of diluted semen were added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk and/or 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM L-cysteine before cryopreservation. The viability in frozen-thawed sperm were estimated by SYBR14/PI double stain, acrosome damage with FITC-PNA, mitochondria intact with Rhodamin123 and hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) level with carboxy-DCFDA by flow-cytometry. The developmental capacity was also assessed with cleavage rates in oocytes fertilized in vitro by frozen-thawed sperm. In results, the sperm viability was significantly increased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). In addition, acrosome damage was significantly decreased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). The mitochondria intact was also significantly increased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, the cleavage rates were significantly increased in 0 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM groups than 20 mM concentration of L-cysteine (p<0.05). The oocyte degeneration of oocytes were significantly decreased in 0 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM groups than in 20 mM L-cysteine group (P<0.05). However, there are no significantly differences among the L-cysteine treatment groups. We suggest that concentration of 10 mM L-cysteine have beneficial impact for sperm cryopreserved in Korean native cattle. This result also could be recommended for artificial insemination program if supported by an improvement in the fertility results and required further study.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2010

Thirty-four strains of Lactobacillus species were isolated from soil and eight of these isolates (M1-4 and P1-4) were capable of growing on red ginseng agar. The M1 and P2 strains were determined to be L. plantarum and other strains (M2, M3, M4, P1, P3 and P4) were determined to be L. brevis. Fermentation of red ginseng extract (RGE) with strains M1, M2, P2 and P4 resulted in a low level of total carbohydrate content (174.3, 170.0, 158.8 and 164.8 mg/mL, respectively). RGE fermented by M3 showed a higher level of uronic acid than the control. The polyphenol levels in RGE fermented by M1, P1 and P2 (964.9, 941.7 and $965.3\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) were higher than the control ($936.8\;{\mu}g/mL$). Total saponin contents in fermented RGE (except M1) were higher than the control. RGE fermented by M2 and M3 had the highest levels of total ginsenosides (31.7 and 32.7 mg/mL, respectively). The levels of the ginsenoside Rg3 increased from 2.6 mg/mL (control) to 3.0 mg/mL (M2) or 3.1 mg/mL (M3). RGE fermented by M2 and M3 also had the highest levels of Rg5+Rk1 (7.7 and 8.3 mg/mL, respectively). Metabolite contents of ginsenoside (sum of CK, Rh1, Rg5, Rk1, Rg3 and Rg2) of M2 (13.0 mg/mL) and M3 (13.9 mg/mL) were also at a high level among the fermented RGE. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol content of ginsenoside of M2 (10.9 and 5.4 mg/mL, respectively) and M3 (11.0 and 5.7 mg/mL, respectively) were at higher levels than other fermented RGE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2010

There is a lack of survey standard for cross-to-nature small stream. In this research, we analyzed cross sectional survey data of Sanggachun stream, calculated variant quantity of soil, and suggested a survey interval. Descriptive analysis of cross sectional survey data shows the trend of stabilization; mean interval of survey is 14.91m(min: 7.0m, max: 39m), mean cross sectional variances are $0.82m^2$(min: $-3.80m^2$, max: $8.11m^2$) in 2004, $0.24m^2$ (min: $-5.25m^2$, max: $8.55m^2$) in 2005. Calculating results of variance quantity based on data of 65 cross sections show similar trends in 15m, 30m, 45m, 60m but different with results of 75m, 90m with Post-Hoc Test in statistical verification. We suggested standard cross sectional survey length of cross section for natural style small stream as 50m based on fitting results of standard variation of erosion and cumulation quantity by survey interval.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.653-659
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• 2020

This study was focused on the synthesis of methoxy polyethylene glycol-oleanolic acid ester (mPEG-OA derivative) and investigation of its water solubility and anti-melanogenic effects. mPEG-OA derivative was identified by 1H and 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic measurements. The water solubilities of mPEG-OA derivative and OA were found to be 13 and 0.013 mg/mL and that of mPEG-OA was found to be 1000-fold higher than that of OA. The effects of mPEG-OA derivative and OA on cell viability were measured using B16F10 melanoma cells. The viability of cells treated with mPEG-OA derivative (250 μM) increased 4-fold compared to that of cells treated with OA (62.5 μM). At mPEG-OA derivative and OA concentrations where the cell viability was unaffected, the inhibitory effect of mPEG-OA derivative and OA on the melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells were 36 and 35% at 50 and 10 μM, respectively. The expression level of microphthalmia-associated transcription (MITF) was also reduced in B16F10 melanoma cells treated with mPEG-OA and OA. Overall, mPEG-OA derivative showed excellent water solubility and inhibitory effects of the melanogenesis, which could be used as a potential formulation for use in whitening functional cosmetic material.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2021

Shrub growth and fruit characteristics and working time of 'Duke' blueberry by shrub distance were investigated. Overapping rate of blueberry crown was 109% in 0.6 m shrub distance, 37% in 1.2 m shrub distance, and -88% in 2.4 m shrub distance, respectively. The number of main stem tended to increase as the shrub spacing widened. The other fruit characteristics, except for the fruit weight, did not show any significantly different according to the shrub distance. The yield per 10 a was 2,097 kg for 0.6 m shrub distance, 1,303 kg for 1.2 m shrub distance, and 710.7 kg for 2.4 m shrub distance in 2019, respectively. Total working time was 154 hr for 0.6 m shrub distance, 114 hr for 1.2 m shrub distance, and 74 hr for 2.4 m shrub distance. Therefore, the blueberry shrub distance was judged to be appropriate about 1.2 m in the long-termly. However, in order to increase yield early and income, the shrub can maintain 0.6 m distance during young shrub, it can managed flexibly to 1.2 m distance when it becomes a mature shrub.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2023

Recently, enviromentally friendly natural substances derived from plants have been attracting attention as cosmetic materials, and research on various physiological activities of natural substances is being actively conducted. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and antibacterial effects of three types of extracts of mixtures containing different mixing ratios, Polygala tenuifolia, Angelica dahurica, and Elsholtzia splendens, known to have various physiological activities. The mixing ratio is 7 conditions (M1, 1:1:1; M2, 0.5:1.5:1; M3, 1.5:0.5:1; M4, 0.1:0.95:0.95; M5, 0.5:0.5:2; M6, 0.95 :1.95:0.1; M7, 1.45:0.1:1.45), and the optimal mixing ratio was confirmed for use as a cosmetic material. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed scavenging abilities of 75.37% and 99.19%, respectively, at 1,000 ㎍/mL of M6. At a concentration of 200 ㎍/mL of M6, it showed 50% of nitric oxide production inhibition compared to the lipopolysaccharide-treated that induced an inflammatory response. It was confirmed that M3 and M6 produced hyaluronic acid 1.47 and 1.49 times higher than the control at a concentration of 50 ㎍/mL, respectively. Through the disc diffiusion test, the clear zone was 9.75 mm at 8 ㎍/mL of M6, confirming the inhibition of growth of staplylococcus aureus strain. Based on the above results, it is believed that the mixed extract of Polygala tenuifolia, Angelica dahurica, and Elsholtzia splendens can be used as a functional natural material for cosmetics.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.820-823
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• 2006

Five oligosaccharides were isolated from the hydrolysate of konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan by a purified ${\beta}$-mannanase from Trichoderma sp. These oligosaccharides were identified as M-M, G-M, M-G-M, M-G-M-M, and M-G-G-M; where G- and M- represent ${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucopyranosidic and ${\beta}$-1,4-D-mannopyranosidic linkages, respectively. The mode of action of the mannanase on the glucomannan is discussed on the basis of the structure of the above oligosaccharides.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.815-823
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• 1996

M. Kontsevich posed a problem on mapping class groups of 3-manifold that is if M is a compact 3-manifold with nonempty boundary, then BDiff (M rel $\partial$ M) has the homotopy type of a finite complex. Here, Diff (M rel $\partial$ M) is the group of diffeomorphisms of M which restrict to the identity on $\partial$ M, and BDiff (M rel $\partial$ M) is its classifying space. In this paper we resolve the problem affirmatively in the case when M is a Haken 3-manifold.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.125-125
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• 1994

1. 위치: 백두산 녹명봉 북쪽 4 km 되는 산비탈에 있다. 해발고도는 1900 m 로서 고산태원대에 자리 잡고 있다. 2. 형태: 동굴 어구에는 장원형으로 된 저지가 있는데 동서 길이는 4 m, 남북 길이는 3 m 이다. 이곳으로부터 2.2 m 아래에 동굴로 들어가는 통로가 있는데 길이 1.2 m, 높이 0.7 m 이고 이곳으로부터 동굴 바닥까지는 1.3 m 이다. 동굴의 크기는 높이 1-3.5 m 남북 36 m 동서 8-11 m 이고 면적은 300여 평방 m 가 된다.(중략)

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.341-345
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• 2012

In this paper, we introduce the notions of minimal semicon-tinuity, strongly $m$-semiclosed graph, $m$-semiclosed graph, $m$-semi-$T_2$, $m$-semicompact and investigate some properties for such notions.