• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.990-995
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in meat meal (MM), and to compare these values with the respective values in soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows (initial body weight = $66.9{\pm}3.8kg$) surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated $3{\times}3$ balanced Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods. Two experimental diets containing test ingredients as the sole source of AA were prepared to estimate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) for CP and AA by the direct method. An N-free diet was also prepared to estimate basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. All experimental diets contained 5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation period and a 2-d of ileal digesta collection period. Ileal digesta samples were collected from 0900 to 1700 on d 6 and 7 of each period. The concentrations of CP, Lys, Met, and Trp in MM and SBM were analyzed to be 64.1, 3.5, 1.1 and 0.6, and 45.6, 2.8, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively. The AID of all AA except Gly in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The AID of Lys, Met, and Trp in MM was estimated to be 56.0, 71.7, and 47.1%, respectively. The SID of all AA in MM was less (p<0.05) than in SBM. The SID of Lys, Met, and Trp was 65.1, 79.2, and 78.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the CP and AA contents in MM were greater than those in SBM whereas the ileal digestibility of all AA in MM was less than in SBM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of diets with and without supplements of methionine/lysine (met/lys) and methionine/α-tocopherol (met/α-tocopherol) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods: A total of 21 Hanwoo steers were divided into three different groups. Each group consisted of 7 animals that received different dietary treatments for 120 days as follows: a control (C) diet composed of a basal diet with 74% total digestible nutrient and 12% crude protein; treatment 1 (T1) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 69%+lysine 31%; and treatment (T2) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 84.65%+α-tocopherol 15.35%. Daily supplementation was given using the top-dressing method (20 g/animal). Results: The met/lys groups yielded a longissimus lumborum with increased water holding capacity (p<0.01) and lower shear force value (p<0.05). Dietary met/lys did not have an adverse effect on the animal performance and carcass traits. Instead, these supplements contributed significantly to the higher protein content compared to the control diet (p<0.05). Myristic acid (C14:0) was the only fatty acid affected by the supplementation. While the met/α-tocopherol group led to significantly higher protein and oxymyoglobin contents during storage (p<0.05). It also contributed significantly to the lower shear force value and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances score during storage (p<0.05) compared to the control and treatment 1 since the initial storage day. The met/α-tocopherol diet also yielded meat with a redder color (p<0.05) after 3 days of storage. However, it did not significantly contribute to the fatty acid profiles of Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Met/lys supplementation resulted in higher protein scores, water holding capacity and lower shear force scores. While met/α-tocopherol supplementation contributes to the production of redder meat, reduces lipid oxidation, production of more tender meat and increases the content of protein and oxymyoglobin percentage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2020

Limiting amino acids (AAs) for milk production in dairy cows fed on a concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal was evaluated in this study. Four lactating and multiparous Holstein cows (in third or fourth parities, with an average body weight of 633 ± 49.2 kg), 8 to 9 weeks into their lactation period, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The experiment comprised four dietary treatments: (1) no intravenous infusion (control); (2) control plus intravenous infusion of an AA mixture of 6 g/d methionine, 19.1 g/d lysine, 13.8 g/d isoleucine, and 15.4 g/d valine (4AA); (3) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without methionine (no-Met); and (4) control plus intravenous infusion of the AA mixture without lysine (no-Lys). All animals were fed on a controlled diet (1 kg/d alfalfa hay, 10 kg/d silage, 14 kg/d concentrate mixture, ad libitum timothy hay). The AA composition of the diet and blood were determined using an automatic AA analyzer. Milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, urea nitrogen, and somatic cell counts) was determined using a MilkoScan. The results showed that feed intake for milk production did not differ from that of intravenous infusion using a limiting AA mixture. The 4AA treatment numerically had the highest milk yield (32.4 kg/d), although there was no difference when compared with the control (31.2 kg/d), no-Met (31.3 kg/d), and no-Lys (31.7 kg/d) treatments. The concentration of AAs in blood plasma of cows in all treatments, mainly isoleucine and valine, increased significantly compared with that of control. The no-Met treatment increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of lysine in the blood relative to the control and no-Lys treatments, whereas the no-Lys treatment increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of methionine relative to the control and no-Met treatments. In conclusion, milk production increased when feeding 10 g/d methionine to the cows, together with their concentrate diet of corn grain and soybean meal.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2002

연구배경 : 폐암의 80-90%는 흡연과 관계가 있으나 흡연자의 일부에서만 폐암이 발생하는 현상은 개체의 유전적 소인이 폐암발생을 결정하는 주요 요인임을 시사한다. 저자들은 한국인에서 DNA 회복 유전자인 XPC 유전자의 codon 499와 codon 939 다형성 그리고 intron 9에 존재하는 poly(AT) 삽입/결손 (PAT) 다형성에 따른 폐암의 위험도를 조사하였다. 방 법 :1998년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 경북대학교병원 내과에서 병리학적으로 폐암으로 확진된 남자 폐암환자 219명을 대상으로 하였으며 악성종양으로 진단받은 과거력이 있는 사람은 제외하였다. 대조군은 1998년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 경북대학교병원 건강검진센터를 방문한 40세 이상의 검진자들을 대상으로 하였으며 호흡기질환이나 악성종양이 있는 경우는 제외하였다. 대상인의 나이, 성, 흡연력, 과거력 등은 면접이나 병력지를 통해 얻었으며, 시료는 전혈 5cc에서 DNA를 추출하고 PCR 혹은 PCR-RFLP법을 통해 XPC 유전자의 다형성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 조사한 3부위의 XPC 유전자의 유의한 관계가 없었으며 연령, 흡연력, 흡연 인-년등으로 구분한 경우에도 다형성에 따른 폐암의 위험도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 폐암의 조직형을 구분하여 비교한 경우에도 XPC 유전자의 다형성과 폐암의 위험도는 유의한 관계가 없었다. XPC 유전자의 Va1499Ala, PAT, Lys939Gln 다형성은 다형성간에 연관비평형 (lingkage disequilibrium) 있었으며, 특히 PAT 다형성과 Lys939Gln 다형성은 kappa 치가 0.87로 높았다. XPC 유전자의 3부위다형성의 haplotype도 폐암과 유의한 관계가 없었으며, 연력, 흡연력, 흡연 안-년, 조직형을 구분한 경우에도 haplotype에 따른 폐암의 위험도는 유의차이가 없었다. 결 론: 한국인에서 XPC 유전자의 codon 499와 codon 939 다형성과 PAT 다형성은 폐암의 위험도를 결정하는 주요 인자는 아닌 것으로 생각된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2022

The post-translational modification (e.g., phosphorylation) of estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a role in controlling the expression and subcellular localization of ERα as well as its sensitivity to hormone response. Here, we show that ERα is also modified by UFM1 and this modification (ufmylation) plays a crucial role in promoting the stability and transactivity of ERα, which in turn promotes breast cancer development. The elevation of ufmylation via the knockdown of UFSP2 (the UFM1-deconjugating enzyme in humans) dramatically increases ERα stability by inhibiting ubiquitination. In contrast, ERα stability is decreased by the prevention of ufmylation via the silencing of UBA5 (the UFM1-activating E1 enzyme). Lys171 and Lys180 of ERα were identified as the major UFM1 acceptor sites, and the replacement of both Lys residues by Arg (2KR mutation) markedly reduced ERα stability. Moreover, the 2KR mutation abrogated the 17β-estradiol-induced transactivity of ERα and the expression of its downstream target genes, including pS2, cyclin D1, and c-Myc; this indicates that ERα ufmylation is required for its transactivation function. In addition, the 2KR mutation prevented anchorage-independent colony formation by MCF7 cells. Most notably, the expression of UFM1 and its conjugating machinery (i.e., UBA5, UFC1, UFL1, and UFBP1) were dramatically upregulated in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Collectively, these findings implicate a critical role attributed to ERα ufmylation in breast cancer development by ameliorating its stability and transactivity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 1993

Alkaline .alpha.-amylase expressed in the transformant, Baciollus subtills MB809, containing alkaline amylase gene cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. AL-8, was purified through for step separation processes. The purified alkaline .alpha.-amylase had molecular weight of app[roximately 59, 000 daltons on SDS-PAGE and Sephaex G-100 gel filtration. Amino acid sequence of terminal portion of the enzyme was analyzed with pure amylase eluted form the SDS-PAGE gel. N-terminal amino acid sequence of .alpha.-amylase was determined by the Edman degradation method and resulted in $NH_{2}$-ser-thr-ala-pro-ser-(ile)-lys-ala-gly-thr-(ile)-leu. For C-terminal amino acid sequencing, purified .alpha.-amylase was digested with carboxypuptidase A and B, and reverse-phase HPLC gradient elution system resulted in -thr-trp-pro-lys-COOH.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2000

The Arabidopsis thaliana S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) cDNA ($GenBank^{TM}$ U63633) was cloned, then the AdoMetDC protein was expressed and purified. The purified AdoMetDC was inactivated by salicylaldehyde in a pseudo first- order kinetics. The secondorder rate constant for inactivation was 126 $M^{-1}min^{-1}$ with the slope of n=0.73, suggesting that inactivation is the result of the reaction of one lysine residue in the active site of AdoMetDC. Site-specific mutagenesis was performed on the AdoMetDC to introduce mutations in conserved $lysine^{81}$ residues. These were chosen by examination of the conserved sequence and proved to be involved in enzymatic activity by chemical modification. Changing $Lys^{81}$ to alanine showed an altered optimal pH. The substrate also provided protection against inactivation by salicylaldehyde. Considering these results, we suggest that the $lysine^{81}$ residue may be involved in catalytic activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2017

Background: Streptomycin (SM) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a part of standard regimens for retreating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases. The incidence of MDR-TB in retreatment cases was 19% in Thailand. To date, information on SM resistance (SMR) gene mutations correlated to the SMR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thai isolates is limited. In this study, the mutations in rpsL, rrs, gidB, and whiB7 were investigated and their association to SMR and the lineage of M. tuberculosis were explored. Methods: The lineages of 287 M. tuberculosis collected from 2007 to 2011 were identified by spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility profiles were evaluated by the absolute concentration method. Mutations in SMR genes of 46 SM-resistant and 55 SM-susceptible isolates were examined by DNA sequencing. Results: Three rpsL (Lys43Arg, Lys88Arg, and Lys88Thr) and two gidB (Trp45Ter and Gly69Asp) mutations were present exclusively in the SM resistant M. tuberculosis. Lys43Arg rpsL was the most predominant SMR mutations (69.6%) and prevailed among Beijing isolates (p<0.001). No SMR-related mutation in was found rrs. The combination of rpsL and gidB mutations provided 76.1% sensitivity for detecting SMR in M. tuberculosis Thai isolates. whiB7 was not responsible for SMR in SM resistant isolates lacking rpsL and rrs mutations. The significance of the three gidB mutations, 276A>C, 615A>G, and 330G>T, as lineage signatures for Beijing and EAI were underscored. This study identified 423G>A gidB as a novel sub-lineage marker for EAI6-BGD1. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the majority of SMR in M. tuberculosis Thai isolates were responsible by rpsL and gidB polymorphisms constantly providing the novel lineage specific makers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9699-9706
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• 2014

Background: The predictive value of the xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Lys751Gln polymorphism regarding clinical outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy has been evaluated in numerous published studies, but the results remain inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the precise role of the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism in this clinical situation and optimize individual chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A multiple search strategy was used to identify eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), generalized odds ratio (ORG) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the objective response, while hazard ratios (HRs) with 95%CIs were used for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 17 studies including 2,286 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the XPD 751Gln allele was associated with a non-significant reduced objective response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in all patients or in the Asian and Caucasian subgroups. However, poor PFS and OS of CRC patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens were significantly related to the XPD 751Gln allele in the dominant model (PFS: HR=2.10, 95%CI: 1.65-2.67; OS: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 1.57-6.47). On stratified analysis by ethnicity, these relationships were more pronounced in Asians (PFS: HR=2.49, 95%CI: 1.79-3.47; OS: HR=5.25, 95%CI: 3.46-7.94) than in Caucasians (PFS: HR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.22-2.46; OS: HR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.06-2.99). Conclusions: The XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism may have prognostic value in patients with CRC undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1015-1019
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• 2006

The peptide with structural similarity to mammalian substance P (M-SP) has been isolated from extract of the body of the African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, using the rectum of the newt as the bioassay system. The primary structure of the SP-related peptide was identified as Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Asp-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 (L-SP) and contained four substitutions ($Lys^{1}\rightarrow $ Arg, $Arg^{3}\rightarrow$ Lys, $Asp^{5}\rightarrow$ Gln, and $Tyr^{8}\rightarrow$ Phe) compared with M-SP; this structure is identical to that of the peptide isolated from the gut of the Australian lungfish. Circular dichroism spectra showed that L-SP had an unordered structure in the buffer solution and phospholipid bilayers. This peptide was found to have an excitatory effect on rectal muscle tissues of newt, quail, and fish. L-SP also had a more potent vasodilatory effect on the guinea-pig aorta than that of M-SP. The identification of the peptide provides evidence that SP family, hitherto confined to mammals, have a widespread occurrence in lungfish.