• 제목/요약/키워드: loose end

검색결과 38건 처리시간 0.026초

기관지내 발생한 과오종 -1례 보고- (Endobronchial Hamartoma -One Case Report-)

  • 이원진
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.1178-1182
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    • 1995
  • We experienced one case of endobronchial hamartoma on left lower lobar bronchus in sixty year old male patient. Less than 1 % of lung tumors are benign, and the prevalence of endobronchial hamartoma is reported to be from 3 % to 40 %. The mean age was 52.9 years, and equal gender prevalence.Symptoms were related to intraluminal growth, including fever, chill, productive cough, hemoptysis, exertional dyspnea, recurrent pneumonia and so on. Bronchoscopic finding was tumor present as polypoid mass in the lumen of a left main stem bronchus,distal to 3 cm from carina. Biopsy was done. The histopathologic pattern showed several nodules of loose myxoid tissue and islands of cartilage. We performed partial resection of the affected bronchus,1cm anterior to the superior segmental bronchial opening to just distal from superior segmental orifice. Including superior segmentectomy, partial resection of the left lower lobar bronchial resection and end-to-end anastomosis with 4-0 Poly dioxanone sutere materials interruptedly. We report this case with the brief review of literatures.

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수력 발전기의 운전중 부분방전 측정기법에 대한 신뢰성 평가 (Evaluation of On-Line Partial Discharge Measurement Techniques on Hydro-Generator)

  • 황돈하;김진봉;김용주;박명수;김택수
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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    • pp.1526-1529
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    • 1994
  • In hydro-generator, a groundwall insulation of stator windings gradually deteriorates due to mechanical, thermal, electrical and environmental stresses. These stresses combine to result in loose windings, delamination of the stator insulation and/or electrical tracking of the end winding, all of which can lead to stator insulation failures. Conventionally, off-line tests such as partial discharge measurement, DC/AC current test and ${\Delta}tan{\delta}$ test has been used for estimation of winding condition. However, off-line test requires large power supply and generator outage. In addition, major cause of insulation problems such as loose wedges and slot discharges may not be found with off-line diagnoses. This paper describes the on-line partial discharge measurement techniques in the generator stator windings. The experimental results from the UIAM #1 hydro-generator confirms a optimistic application of on-line generator diagnosis method as a reliable tool for evaluation of winding condition.

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한국 고대 羅직물의 유형과 특성 -흥덕왕 복식금계에 나타난 羅직물을 중심으로- (Type and Characteristics of Gauze Fabric of Ancient Korea - Focused oil Gauze Fabrics Shown on Costume Restraint of the King Hungduk -)

  • 권영숙;신경철;장현주
    • 복식
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.21-32
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    • 2001
  • Gauze is very light and thin. Their warps are entangled and their structure is loose. It is natural that they are easier to decay than other silk fabrics through physiochemical processes over a long period of time. Nonetheless quite many remains of Gauze fabrics can be found in China or Japan as well as in Korea. Various Gauze was used in costumes since the era of the Three Kingdoms and their weaving techniques, such as using gold threads with silk-fabrics, was developed in Koryo dynasty era, which made it possible to create more magnificent gauze fabrics in Korea. Relatively a lot of Gauze fabrics are remained in Korea. Based on these corroborative relics, this thesis analyzes the characteristics of gauze fabrics possesed in Korea and categorizes the gauze fabrics described in the Decrees on Costume Restraint of the King Hungduk. This also compares them with the present gauze in other countries. The types of gauze fabrics are generally divided into desined gauze, and non-designed gauze, the one without pattern. There ar a lot of desined gauze, such as dyeing gauze, brocade gauze, embroidery with gauze ground, patterned gauze with gauze ground etc. which were found in Korea and also in China and Japan. Non-designed gauze is divided into 2-end complex gauze, 3-end complex gauze, 4-end complex gauze, etc depending on the number of crossing warps. All of the non-designed gauze of Koryo dynasty found in Korea was 4-end complex gauze fabrics. These non-designed gauze fabrics were also found in Japan and China.

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Punch에 나타난 심미주의 의상 연구:1870-1890 (Aesthetic Costume in the Punch;1870-1890)

  • 정현숙;이은영
    • 자연과학논문집
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 1991
  • This study was counducted to identify a relationship between the aesthetic costume arising from an and-social minority movement towards the end of 19c, England on the one hand, and bustle and crinolette style which were in fashion at that time, on the other. The aesthetic comstume is studied with articles and cricatures in the magazien "Punch" which was famous for its harsh criticisms of society. Aesthetic elements from various sources were praised or sometimes cricatured by Punch. Aesthets pursued naturalness as is found in Greek costume in reaction to the gross modernised Victorian costume. To be specific, the aesthetes pursued 1)loose robe instead of corset with bustle or crinolette, 2)2nd/3rd dimentionally-coloured dyes instead of anyline in the costume. Liberty Department Store in London has planyed a very important role as a major supplier or aesthteic articles to the aesthetes.

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Ground response analysis of a standalone soil column model for IDA of piled foundation bridges

  • Hazem W. Tawadros;Mousa M. Farag;Sameh S.F. Mehanny
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.289-301
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    • 2023
  • Developing a competent soil-bridge interaction model for the seismic analysis of piled foundation bridges is of utmost importance for investigating the seismic response and assessing fragility of these lifeline structures. To this end, ground motion histories are deemed necessary at various depths along the piles supporting the bridge. This may be effectively accomplished through time history analysis of a free-field standalone soil column extending from bedrock level to ground surface subjected to an input bedrock motion at its base. A one-dimensional site/ground response analysis (vide one-directional shear wave propagation through the soil column) is hence conducted in the present research accounting for the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of the soil stratum encompassing the bridge piled foundation. Two homogeneous soil profiles atop of bedrock have been considered for comparison purposes, namely, loose and dense sand. Analysis of the standalone soil column has been performed under a set of ten selected actual bedrock ground motions adopting a nonlinear time domain approach in an incremental dynamic analysis framework. Amplified retrieved PGA and maximum soil shear strains have been generally observed at various depths of the soil column when moving away from bedrock towards ground surface especially at large hazards associated with high (input) PGA values assigned at bedrock. This has been accompanied, however, by some attenuation of the amplified PGA values at shallower depths and at ground surface especially for the loose sand soil and particularly for cases with higher seismic hazards associated with large scaling factors of bedrock records.

원자로 제어봉 End-Tip 원주방향균열 와전류검사 (RCCA End-Tip Examination by ECT)

  • 이희종;남민우;정계조
    • 비파괴검사학회지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.455-463
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    • 1998
  • 경수로형 원자로 제어봉집합체(rod cluster control assembly)의 제어봉선단 봉단마개 부위에 발생할 수 있는 원주방향균열을 검출하기 위한 다중표면 와전류탐촉자를 설계하였으며, 이를 MIZ-30 주파수발생장치에 연 결하여 원주방향균열을 검출하고 원주방향길이를 측정 할 수 있는 와전류검사기술을 개발하였다. $8{\times}1$ 다중표면 와전류탐촉자는 원주방향으로 발생할 수 있는 균열 검사에 적합하도록 탐촉자 내부 원주방향으로 8개 표면코일을 일정간격으로 배치하고 코일 후방에 스프링을 설치하여 주사시 코일 머리부분이 표면에 밀착되므로서 코일과 피복관표면 사이의 lift-off 발생이 최소가 되도록 설계하였다. LCR-meter 및 HP-VEE 프로그램을 사용하여 코일의 전기적 특성을 평가하였으며, 탐촉자의 균열검출 특성은 Miz-30과 Eddynet 프로그램을 사용하여 평가하였다. 교정 standard와 시험편은 $14{\times}14$형 제어봉피복관(SS-304, 외경 : 10.95mm, 두께 : 0.48mm)을 사용하여 축방향과 원주방향으로 깊이와 길이를 달리하여 여러가지 균열성 EDM노치 (폭 0.2mm, 관두께의 15, 25, 40, 50, 60%깊이)를 가공하였으며, 이를 이용하여 탐촉자의 균열검출 및 크기측정 특성을 평가한 결과 제어봉 튜브표면에 발생한 원주균열의 검출 가능 최소길이는 3.5mm이고, 깊이는 ${\pm}5.31%$ RMS 오차 이내로 측정 할 수 있었다. 또한, 제어봉선단 봉단마개 부위에 발생할 수 있는 마모, 스크레치, 축 및 원주방향균열 신호는 신호의 위상과 신호형상을 분석하므로서 구분이 가능하였다.

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Damages of minarets during Erciş and Edremit Earthquakes, 2011 in Turkey

  • Bayraktar, Alemdar;Altunisik, Ahmet Can;Muvafik, Murat
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.479-499
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    • 2014
  • This paper illustrates the damages of reinforced concrete and masonry minarets during October 23 (Erciş) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Erciş and Edremit are townships located 90km and 18km from Van city center in Turkey, respectively. Ground accelerations and response spectrums for these earthquakes are given in this paper. A total of 63 reinforced concrete and masonry minarets are heavily damaged or collapsed in the city center and villages nearby after both earthquakes. Because of the fact that there is no Turkish standard and specification directly related to design of minarets, nearly all of the constructions are carried out by workers using only their own technical knowledge. So, all of the non-engineering reinforced concrete and masonry minarets completely collapsed or damaged heavily. From the study, it is seen that the damages are due to several reasons such as site effect, location, and length of the fault, reduction in cross section and formation of the discontinuity, use of plain reinforcement steel, use of concrete with insufficient strength, existence of short lap splices and incorrect end hook angle, larger mass and stiffness concentrations on some region, longitudinal reinforcements discontinuity, cracks at the cylindrical body, and damage of spire and end ornament. In addition to these reasons, the two earthquakes hit the minarets within seventeen days, causing progressive damage. So, the existing design and construction practices should be improved to provide sufficient earthquake performance. Also, it is recommended that there should be a safe distance between the minaret and surrounding structures to reduce the loose of life after earthquake.

실트지반에 타입된 말뚝의 지지력 증가효과 (The Effect of Bearing Capacity Increasement for Driven Pile in Silt)

  • 여병철;오세욱;배우석;안병철
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2003
  • 최근 연약지반상의 말뚝기초설계에 있어서 경시효과는 말뚝의 지지력 특성을 나타내는 중요한 요소 중의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 지지력 증가효과를 연구하기 위해 두 곳의 현장에서 13개의 말뚝에 대해, 항타시 EOID(초기 동재하시험)을 실시한 후 일정한 시간이 경과한 다음 재항타시험을 수행하였다. 느슨한 실트지반에 H말뚝, 강관말뚝, PHC말뚝을 항타에 의해 설치하고 9일 후 재항타 한 결과 H말뚝, 강관말뚝의 경우 지지력이 증가된 반면, PHC말뚝은 지지력의 증가가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 7일 후 재항타시험을 수행한 결과 단단한 실트지반의 경우 H말뚝과 강관말뚝은 지지력이 1.17배 증가하였다. 그러나 PHC말뚝의 경우 6일 후 수행한 제 1차 재항타시험에서는 지지력이 감소하였다가, 13일 후 수행한 3차 재항타시험에서는 지지력이 1.38배 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

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교량신축부에서의 궤도틀림 저감을 위한 활동체결구 및 침목결속 효과 (The Effect of the ZLR and Tied Sleeper to Reduce the Track Irregularity in the Bridge Expansion Joint Zone)

  • 강태구;민경주;임남형
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.2405-2408
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    • 2011
  • In recent time, the cause analysis and the reduction of the track irregularity have become the most important issue in the ballasted track on the high-speed railway bridge. This is because that the frequency of the maintenance work at the bridge expansion joint zone is on the rise. The track irregularity on the railway bridge starts at the end of the bridge-deck and spreads along the bridge. Due to the dynamic vibration and the thermal expansion of the bridge, the compaction of the ballast gravel on the bridge expansion joint zone become loose and then the progress of the track irregularity result from the train-induced dynamic impact is accelerating further. Among the several options for reducing the track irregularity on the bridge expansion joint zone, the application and efficiency of the zero longitudinal restraint(ZLR) and tied sleeper are investigated in this paper. Field test construction has been conducted, then the progress of the track irregularity and the frequency of the maintenance work are analyzed before and after the filed test construction. Of the two methods, it is shown that the installation of the ZLR seems to be better than the tied sleeper.

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복합지반의 침하에 대한 영향인자의 평가 (Evaluation of the Influence Factor on the Settlement of Composition Ground)

  • 김방식;배우석
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2007
  • 쇄석말뚝은 느슨한 사질토지반이나 점토지반에 치환법에 의해 다져진 자갈이나 쇄석을 연약한 지반에 삽입하여 개량하는 공법이다. 쇄석말뚝 공법은 흙과 말뚝 접촉면에서 압밀거동이 다양한 인자에 의해 영향을 받게 되어 정량적인 해석에 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 재하시험을 통해 선단지지 군말뚝의 거동에 대한 다양한 인자의 영향을 조사하였다. 궁극적으로 연약지반의 개량 특성과 설계인자의 영향력을 PR값을 사용하여 평가하였다. 실험결과와 계산된 PR 값으로부터 쇄석말뚝의 침하거동이 근입비나 매트의 설치여부 보다는 말뚝의 직경이나 복합지반의 치환율에 의해 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있다.

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