• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-28
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• 2019

This study suggests that Korea - Russia economic cooperation, which has been sluggish in the meantime, should be revitalized as a small, medium sized business that can be practiced at the local level of both countries. Some large scales of national projects were difficult to realize due to some internal and external factors. Therefore, if Russia's Far East region of the complementary economic structure with the Korea's Gyeonggi Province of Korea could form the basis of cooperation by centering on SMEs, it further can be positive for promoting cooperation among South Korea, North Korea and Russia. The trilateral cooperation among two Koreas and Russia is necessary for the balance of political and economic powers in the East Asia. China's retaliation case regarding THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) clearly showed that the greater the economic dependence on a particular country, the more threatening it could be. Therefore, it is important for the political and economic security to keep the balance by diversifying economic cooperation counterparts. As China's influence in the global economy grows, building value chains for mutual prosperity with various neighboring countries is gaining great importance. To this end, this paper examined Russia's Eurasian Strategy, New East Policy, and Far East Development Policy which were designed to seek the way to establish Russia's independent economic zone not absorbed by Europe and China.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2019

This study analyzed the distribution of fluvial landforms, fault-related geomorphic features and lineaments around the area of Ungchon-Ungsang in the Dongrae Fault, and discusses the charateristics of geomorphic development based on those. As a result, the NE-SW lineaments are predominantly developed in many numbers within the study area, and the NW-SE or N-S secondary lineaments are developed induced by multiple deformation with the Yangsan Fault. Geomorphologically, the early tectonic history of the Ungchon-Ungsang basin is largely divided into three stages ; 1) the Tertiary fault activity and formation of fracture zone, 2) development of erosional basin, 3) local crustal movements and development of fault-related topography. It is assumed that alluvial fans, deflected channel and stream piracy were formed by local tectonic movements related to faultings during the Quaternary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2011

This study is designed to examine characteristics and types of basic landscape design established by 7 local governments in Jeollanam-do and its availability as the index of landscape administration and present a guideline with view landscape plan of local governments. The results of this study are described below. In case of view landscape, while Korean cities have not many historical assets like landmark, they have locational characteristics with mountain or coast in the center or surroundings of downtown. Therefore, since view landscape has many cases of restricting individual property rights as well as having a value as public property of city which makes recognition of sharing city, it is very sensitive problem and establishing guideline of it is needed. But, it was found that view landscape plan of local governments established location of view spot with the nature of relief viewing downtown or coast from high spot. Selection of viewing objects in view plan require deciding an object as the public property of city and big cities require selection from the zone and small cities must select 1~2 spots from the viewpoint of whole downtown. 3~4 view spots of middle and distant views which makes city community centering around the subject of view must be selected through enough discussion and in case of natural landscape, View shaft or visible rays require setting of range that 30% of viewing objects is seen. View spot or viewing objects should be selected over twice as extra spots through public hearing and civil participation as the process.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2014

Due to limited supplies and expensive importing costs, it is a goal to replace overseas peat with local soil amendments in turf industry of Korea. The study was initiated to compare the performances of five domestic and imported organic soil amendments (OSAs) on establishment characteristics and to provide basic information for root zone composition on sports turf design and construction. The study was conducted in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KB) under greenhouse conditions from March to June in 2008. A total of 25 treatments of OSA + sand were prepared. These amendments were Berger Peat (OMA), Eco-Peat (OMB), G1-Soil (OMC), Premier Peat (OMD), and Supersoil I (OME). Significant differences were observed in establishment vigor, seedling emergence, and top growth. Results varied depending upon the type of OSAs and their rates in rootzone mixtures. OMA reached over 70% in establishment vigor in 5 WAS (weeks after seeding). OMC produced a maximum vigor of approximately 60% in 6 WAS. The OME amendment, however, showed poor performance lower than 30% in establishing KB turf until 8 WAS. There were considerable variations of top growth, being 3.8 to 14.5 cm. Greater differences in top growth resulted from OME mixtures. Shoot growth orientation in KB is also influenced by OSAs. In general, optimum mixing rate was considered as 10 to 20% for establishment vigor and 20 to 40% for top growth. Considering overall responses to establishment vigor, seedling emergence, and shoot growth, both local OMC and overseas OMD are considered as the useful soil amendments applicable for sports turfs. Domestic OME amendment would be applied for a low maintenance turfs such as rough and utility areas due to greater shoot growth. Information on these amendments would be of practical use for sports turf design and construction. Repeated experiments and field performance test are required to evaluate these OSA effect on other major turfgrass species and also to determine local OSA as imported peat substitute.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.7A
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• pp.493-502
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• 2003

In this paper, to solve some problems of the Mobile IP and local registration strategy we propose a method that can effectively support real-time traffics sensitive to delay time and packet loss. The proposed method reduces the registration time after a Mobile Node's movement between networks by carrying out the pre-registration for the domain which it will move into the network information of the link layer of cdma2000 system, at the boundary cell's handoff zone. Through the cost analysis and simulation it is shown that the proposed scheme yield a better performance compared with the Mobile IP and local registration strategies in terms of packet loss for parameters; variation of the velocity of a Mobile Node, and a distance between the Mobile Node and home networks, etc.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2002

Four dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique was considered for 3 dimensional wind field in coastal area and a set of 3 numerical experiments including control experiments has been tested for the case of the synoptic weather pattern of the weak northerly geostrophic wind with the cloud amount of less than 5/10 in autumn. A three dimensional land and sea breeze model with the sea surface temperature (SST) of 290K was performed without nudging the observed wind field and surface temperature of AWS (Automatic Weather System) for the control experiment. The results of the control experiment showed that the horizontal temperature gradient across the coastline was weakly simulated so that the strength of the sea breeze in the model was much weaker than that of observed one. The experiment with only observed horizontal wind field showed that both the pattern of local change of wind direction and the times of starting and ending of the land-sea breeze were fairly well simulated. However, the horizontal wind speed and vertical motion in the convergence zone were weakly simulated. The experiment with nudgings of both the surface temperature and wind speed showed that both the pattern of local change of wind direction and the times of starting and ending of the land-sea breeze were fairly well simulated even though the ending time of the sea breeze was delayed due to oversimulated temperature gradient along the shoreline.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1994

The Deogbong napseok clay deposit which is composed mainly of dickite and pyrophyllite has been formed by hydrothermal alteration of the Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks consisting of andesitic tuff and andesite. The mineralogy of the napseok ores and the hydrothermal alteration processes have been studied in order to know the nature of the interaction between minerals and fluids for the formation of the deposit. Chemical distribution shows that alkali elements and silica were mobile but alumina was relatively immobile during the hydrothermal processes. It is evident that enrichment of alumina and leaching of silica from the host rock led to the formation of the napseok ore, whereas the enrichment of silica in the outer zone of the deposit gave rise to the silica zone. A large amount of microcrystalline quartz closely associated with dickite and pyrophyllite suggests the increasing activity of silica. Thus Si which was released away from the argillic zone by the increasing activity of silica. Thus Si which was released away from the argillic zone by the increasing activity of silica solubility moved out precipitating in the margin of the deposit to form the silica zone. Variation in dickite crystallinity implies the local change in the stability of the system. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the invariant point of pyrophyllite-dickite (kaolinite)-diaspore-quartz assemblages at 500 bars in the system $Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}-H_{2}O$ is about 300 $^{\circ}C$. Based on the mineral assemblages and the experimental data reported, it is estimated that the main episode of hydrothermal alteration occurred at least above 270 to 300 $^{\circ}C$ and $X_{CO_2}$ <0.025. Mineral occurrence and chemical variation indicate that the activity of Al is high in the upper part of the deposit, whereas the activity of Si is high in the lower part and the margin of the deposit. The nonequilibrium phase relations observed in the Deogbong deposit might be due to local change in intensive thermodynamic variables and fluid transport properties that resulted in the formation of nonequilibrium phases b of several stages.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.461-473
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• 2015

The aim of this paper is to explore limits to the institutional formation and operation for network city as a case study of Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone (DGFEZ) in the introductory context. The legal and institutional framework of FEZ in Korea can be characterized by multi-dimensional, vertical or horizontal governance. However, in terms of its implementation process of DGFEZ, the density of the public-private network becomes relatively week, and consequently, the level of participation by local people was not institutionalized in a more collaborative way. With respect to the network city for DGFEZ, while at the initial stage its plan was highly focused upon the conceptual framework of the city, the process of its implementation was based upon a polarization strategy of individual unit and a performance-oriented type. Other evidence for it is that administrative organization in DGFEZ changed from development-based throughout investment attraction-focused up to region-based department. Therefore, there are limits to the institutional formation and operation for the network city in the context of DGFEZ.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

The species composition and distributional patterns in marine benthic algae at intertidal zone in Masan Bay were investigated seasonally throughout 2007. A total of 42 species, 5 Chlorophyta 8 Phaeophyta and 29 Rhodophyta were recorded, and dominant species were Enteromorpha linza, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium amansii, G. divaricatum, Corallina pilulifera, Gracilaria textorii, and Polysiphonia morrowii during study periods. Especially the vertical distribution of dominant algal species was remarkable: U. pertusa and G. divaricatum were dominated in the upper part, E. intestinalis, E. linza, S. thunbergii and G. divaricatum were in the middle part, and U. pertusa, Undaria pinnatiffda, S. thunbergii, G. amansii, G. divaricatum and C. pilulifera mainly occurred in the low part of tidal zone. The numbers of species were different with seasons and stations; Higher number of species was 38 species in winter, whereas 28 species were the lowest in fall. The number of species was higher at stations 4 and 6 Mile the lower value was at stations 1 and 2 than other stations. The spatial distributional patterns of marine benthic algal composition at each station in dendrogram and MDS ordination were due to the differences of local topography and physical characteristics such as currents and water movements.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2019

Background: The composition of wild bird populations in temperate zones greatly varies depending on phenological changes rather than other environmental factors. Particularly, wild birds appearing in wetlands fluctuate greatly due to the crossover of species arriving for breeding during the summer and for wintering. Therefore, to understand the changes to species composition related to phenology, we conducted this basic analysis of populations to further the cause of the protection of wetland-dependent wild birds. Methods: It is wrong to simply divide a wild bird population investigation into seasons. This study identifies species composition and indicator species that change along with seasons. Wetlands to be surveyed are protected by natural monuments and wetland inventory and are in a state close to nature. In order to identify as many species as possible in wetlands, a survey was conducted in both shallow and deep wetlands. The water depth varied in these areas, ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 m, allowing for both dabbling and diving ducks to inhabit the area. Surveys were conducted using line-transect and distance sampling methods and were conducted at intervals of 2 weeks. The survey was conducted under the following three categories: the eco-tone and emergent zone, the submergent zone, and the water surface. The survey was conducted along a wetland boundary by observing wild birds. A PC-ord program was used for clustering, and the SAS program was used to analyze the changes in species composition. The data strongly indicates that day length is the main factor for seasonal migration periods, despite the fact that climate change and increasing temperatures are often discussed. Results and conclusions: The indicator species for determining seasons include migrant birds such as Ardea cinerea, Alcedo atthis, Anas penelope, and Poiceps ruficollis, as well as resident birds such as Streptopelia orientalis and Emberiza elegans. Importantly, increases in local individual counts of these species may also serve as indicators. The survey results of seasonal fluctuations in temperate zones shows that spring (April to June), summer (July to September), autumn (October), and winter (November to March) are clearly distinguishable, even though spring and summer seasons tend to overlap, leading to the conclusion that additional research could more clearly identify fluctuation patterns in species composition and abundance in the study area.