• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.783-792
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the vegetation structure and the location environment of Albizzia kalkora (AK) growing in Mt. Yudal located in Mokpo city and in the nearby islands. The AK community in Mt. Yudal in Mokpo city (Community I) is located in a region which is relatively high above the sea level. The average age of the major kinds of trees found in the region is about 30 years. The vegetation structure in the community shows an early stage of vegetation development due to continued disturbance. In Community IV, on the sandy soil in the flatland near the seashores, the average age of the major kinds of trees is about 9 years. In this community, a pure forest is presumed to have been formed in a poor environment which is artificially disturbed in relatively recent times even as AK with its strong adoptability was introduced into the region. In other communities (II, III), the vegetation state shows a competition between AK and deciduous oak trees, and the average age of the major kinds of trees is about 13 to 30 years. AK communities with a better developed vegetation structure are located on the higher steep slopes near the seashore. In the early stage of vegetation development, the forest floor received more effective light for photosynthesis, and thus more seedlings of AK emerged and grew. The probability of AK appearing in the damaged or sterile soil near the seashore was high because of its strong adaptability. However, as the vegetation structure developed further and the soil fertility increased, the domination of AK in the vegetation structure decreased as deciduous oak trees won the competition with AK.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.528-535
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• 2004

Ultrasonic Vibrator is designed to achieve the maximum vibration amplitude at 30 kHz by in-cluding a horn (diameter, 40 mm), mechanical vibration amplifier at the top of the ultrasonic vibrator in the system and making the complete system resonate. In addition, it is experimentally visualized by particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) that the acoustic streaming velocity in the gap is at maximum when the gap between the ultrasonic vibrator and stationary plate agrees with the multiples of half-wavelength of the ultrasonic wave. This fact results from the resonance of the sound wave and the theoretical analysis of that is also accomplished and verified by experiment. It is observed that the magnitude of the acoustic streaming dependent upon the gap between the ultrasonic vibrator and stationary plate possibly changes due to the measurement of the average velocity fields of the acoustic streaming induced by the ultrasonic vibration at resonance and non-resonance. There exists extremely small average velocity at non-resonant gaps while the relatively large average velocity exists at resonant gaps compared with non-resonant gaps. It also reveals that there should be larger axial turbulent intensity at the hub region of the vibrator and at the edge of it in the resonant gap where the air streaming velocity is maximized and the flow phenomena is conspicuous than that at the other region. Because the variation of the acoustic streaming velocity at resonant gap is more distinctive than that at non-resonant gap, shear stress increases more in the resonant gap and is also maximized at the center region of the vibrator except the local position of center (r〓0). At the non-resonant gap there should be low values of vorticity distribution, but in contrast to the non-resonant gap, high and negative values of it exist at the center region of the vibrator with respect to the radial direction and in the vicinity of the middle region with respect to the axial direction. Acoustic streaming is noise-free due to the ultrasonic vibration and maintenance-free because of the absence of moving parts. Moreover, the proposed method by acoustic streaming can be utilized to the nano and micro-electro mechanical systems as a driving mechanism in addition to the augmentation of the streaming velocity.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1997

PURPOSE : For the reconstruction of large bone defect after tumor resection, it is possible to reuse the bone involved by tumor with some treatment to it. Several bone-reusing methods have been reported such as autoclaving, low-heat treatment(pasteurization) and intraoperative radiotherapy. We have used extracorporeally radiated autogenous bone graft for reconstruction after tumor resection, and analyzed the periods for junctional union, functional results and complications to know the indications of this method. METHODS : From Dec. 1993 to Sept. 1995, nine patients had taken autogenous bone graft with extracorporeal irradiation. Eight cases were osteosarcoma and 1 giant cell tumor. The graft sites were 5 in femur, 3 proximal tibia and 1 femur and tibia. Stage 3 was 1 case(GCT), Stage IIB 3 and Stage IIIB 5. After wide resection, surrounding soft tissue and intramedullary and extramedullary portion of the tumor were removed. Radiation was done in 5000cGy to the resected bone. Ender nails and bone cement were inserted and filled into the medulla to prevent fracture. RESULTS : Average follow-up period was 12.3(4 to 21) months. Average junctional union period in simple X-ray was 6.5 months in 4 cases. Average functional score following Enneking's criteria was 19(12-27). Complications were as follows ; condylar fractures and femur neck fracture in 4 cases, subluxation of the knee joint 3 and infection 1. Although local recurrence was detected in 1 case, the site of recurrence was not in the radiated bone but surrounding soft tissue. At final follow-up, no recurrence was found in one case(GCT), CDF 2, AWD 2, DOD 3, and died of chemotherapy related sepsis 1. CONCLUSIONS : Extracorporeally radiated bone autograft is considered to be a method for reconstruction of the large bone defect made by tumor resection, especially in the reconstruction around the joint.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.199-208
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages between Korea and China. For this study, Jinan in Korea and Qingzhou in China were selected through a pre-survey about the representative regions of both countries. The main research method used was field study. A comparative analysis between the two regions was performed by a frequency analysis of the surveyed data. The data obtained in the study shows the vegetation structure in complementary forests of villages in the two regions have many differences which are related to the local culture. As a result, it was identified that the average number of species was the same at 2.9 and the average number of trees, total number of trees, and tree density in Qingzhou were considerably greater than those in Jinan. Also, it was identified that tree height, average breadth height diameter and crown width in Jinan were considerably greater than those in Qingzhou. Furthermore, it was identified that both the forest state and the principal species of tree are both very different according to the different cultures. Through this identification, it is considered that this study will be helpful in establishing policy direction in both countries about the restoration and management of complementary forests.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2015

The infection status of fishborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) metacercariae was investigated in fishes from 2 localities of Lao PDR. Total 157 freshwater fishes (17 species) were collected in local markets of Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in December 2010 and July 2011, and each fish was examined by the artificial digestion method. Total 6 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Haplorchis pumilio, Centrocestus formosanus, and Procerovum varium, were detected in fishes from Vientiane Municipality. The metacercariae of O. viverrini were detected in 50 (49.5%) out of 101 fishes (6 species), and their average number was 154 per fish infected. The remaining 5 species of heterophyid metacercariae were detected in 36.8%, 65.8%, 9.4%, 23.9%, and 5.1% fishes examined, and their average densities were 12, 1,038, 4, 15, and 13 per infected fish, respectively. In fishes from Champasak Province, 3 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., O. viverrini, H. taichui, and H. yokogawai, were detected. Only 2 O. viverrini metacercariae were found in only 1 Barbonymus schwanefeldi. The metacercariae of H. taichui and H. yokogawai were detected in 60.0% and 50.0% of fishes examined, and their average densities were 47 and 28 per fish infected. By the present study, it has been confirmed that several species of FZT metacercariae are prevalent in fishes from Vientiane Municipality, with P. varium being a new member of FZT in Lao PDR. In comparison, FZT metacercariae are less prevalent in fishes from Champasak Province.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the present conditions of illumination techniques in dental laboratories in order to distinguish colors for esthetic dentistry. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight local dental laboratories were selected for sampling a) luminous intensity and b) color temperature. We measured the luminous intensity and the color temperature on a center point of porcelain table with lux meter and color meter respectively. The measurements were performed twice, once on a clear day and on a cloudy day between 12 pm and 2 pm (day light and artificial illumination) and between 7 pm and 10 pm (artificial illumination only). Results: The results obtained were as follows. 1. The average luminous intensity in dental laboratories lighting was 1871 lx, and 67% of dental laboratories had luminous intensity greater than 1600 lx, which was appropriate for operations related to colors, while 33% of dental laboratories had in sufficient lighting for appropriate luminous intensity. 2. The average color temperature in dental laboratories lighting was 6506 K, which was inappropriate for operations related to color. None of the dental laboratories had a color temperature range of 5000 - 5500 K, which is appropriate for operations related to colors. 3. Between daytime and nighttime, also between clear day and cloudy day, the average luminous intensity and color temperature in dental laboratories were not significantly different. Conclusion: Illumination in most dental laboratories selected in this study was inappropriate for operations related to color.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.199-229
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• 2002

This study analyzed the trends of broadcaster licensing policy during 1990-2001 in Korea. It is to seek the answers about how the examination standards and procedures applied to broadcaster licensing has been changed for the last decade. For the purpose this study inquired six cases such as private broadcasting licence (1990 October), cable TV program provider licences(1993 July), cable TV system operator licences(1994 January), private local broadcaster licences(1994 July), satellite broadcaster licence(2000 December) and cable TV home shopping channel licences(2001 March). It examined the degree of specification and measurement of the standards based upon the government white paper; average points per item, average points per quantitative item, and average points per qualitative item etc. The government hadn't opened the standards and procedures how it licensed broadcasters until 1990 and the uncertain attitude brought distrust on the government broadcasting policy. The first white paper about broadcaster licensing was made in 1994 after cable TV broadcaster licensing was finished. The results indicated that Korean broadcasting licensing policy rapidly developed in the dimension of transparency from 'a secret room policy' to 'a sunshine policy' for the last decade. But it still needs improvement in the dimension of fairness of examination. Now one of the main distrust is the ratio that the one of qualitative examination standards are much more than the qualitative one.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

This paper proposes a method for vehicle license plate detection using mathematical morphology and symmetry. In general, the shape, color, size, and position of license plate are regulated by authorities for a better recognition by human. Among them, the relatively big intensity difference between the letter and the background region of the license plate and the symmetry about the plate are major discriminating factors for the detection. For the first, the opened image is subtracted from the closed image to intensify the region of plate using the rectangular structuring element which has the width of the distance between two characters. Second the subtraction image is average filtered with the mask size of the plate. Third, the column maximum graph of the average filtered image is acquired and the symmetry of the graph is measured at every position. Fourth, the peaks of the average filtered image are searched. Finally, the plate is assumed to be positioned around the one of local maxima nearest to the point of the highest symmetry. About 1,000 images taken by speed regulation camera are used for the experiment. The experimental result shows that the plate detection rate is about 93%.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-582
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• 2009

Purpose: In extensive deep burn of the lower limb, due to less amount of soft tissue, bone is easily exposed. When it happens, natural healing or reconstruction with skin graft only is not easy. Local flap is difficult to success, because adjacent skins are burnt or skin grafted tissues. Muscle flap or free flap are also limited and has high failure rate due to deep tissue damage. The authors acquired good outcome by performing one - stage operation on bone exposed soft tissue defect with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(LifeCell, USA), an acellular dermal matrix producted from cadaveric skin. Methods: We studied 14 bone exposed soft tissue defect patients from March 2002 to March 2009. Average age, sex, cause of burn, location of wound, duration of admission period, and postoperative complications were studied. We removed bony cortex with burring, until conforming pinpoint bone bleeding. Then rehydrated AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(25 / 1000 inches, meshed type) was applicated on wound, and thin split thickness(6 ~ 8 / 1000 inches) skin graft was done at the immediately same operative time. Results: Average age of patients was 53.6 years(25 years ~ 80 years, SD = 16.8), and 13 patients were male(male : female = 13 : 1). Flame burn was the largest number. (Flame burn 6, electric burn 3, contact burn 4, and scalding burn 1). Tibia(8) was the most affected site. (tibia 8, toe 4, malleolus 1, and metatarsal bone 1). Thin STSC with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ took without additional surgery in 12 of 14 patients. Partial graft loss was shown on four cases. Two cases were small in size under $1{\times}1cm$, easily healed with simple dressing, and other two cases needed additional surgery. But in case of additional surgery, granulation tissue has easily formed, and simple patch graft on AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ was enough. Average duration of admission period of patients without additional surgery was 15 days(13 ~ 19 days). Conclusion: AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft give us an advantage in short surgery time and less limitations in donor site than flap surgery. Postoperative scar is less than in conventional skin graft because of more firm restoration of dermal structure with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$. We propose that AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft could be a solution to bone exposured soft tissue defects in extensive deep burned patients on lower extremities, especially when adjacent tissue cannot be used for flap due to extensive burn.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-67
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify the trends of vibration(or wave) therapy in Korea, to actively utilize vibration(or wave) therapy, and to help research activities of vibration therapy in Korean Medicine. Methods : The following Korean words "진동기", "진동요법", "진동운동", "진동치료", "파동요법", "파동운동", "파동치료" were searched on three specialized search sites (RISS, NAL, DBpia). Trends of vibration therapy were analyzed through the selected researches suitable for this study among these searched researches in an overview format. Results : 1. A total of 8,116 studies were searched and a total of 365 studies were finally selected 2. From 2000 to 2019, when research began to increase in earnest, there were 17.45±10.28 studies per year, and the AGR(Average Annual Growth Rate) was 11.92%. 3. In the main field of research, the 'Medicine and Pharmacy' was the largest with 147(40.16%) studies. In the Middle Field, the 'Kinesiology' was the largest with 99(27.05%) studies. In the study design, 'RCT(Randomized Controlled trial)' was the largest with 138(47.75%) studies. In the Age Group, 'Youth' was the largest with 126(48.84%) studies. 4. The average of the number of participants was 24.90±17.44. 5. The most used Intervention was the 'WBV(Whole Body Vibration)' with 177(61.25%) studies. 6. The average of Intervention Period was 5.99±4.14 weeks, while the maximum was 36 weeks. 7. The journal that published the most research papers is 'K. J. of Sports Science(체육과학연구;13)', and the society is 'Rehabilitation Engineering And Assistive Technology Society of Korea(한국재활복지공학회; 14)'. The University that published the most dissertations is 'Sahmyook University(11)'. 8. The authors who published the most studies are Ju-Hwan O(8) as the main author and Tae Kyu Kwon(18) as the co-author (including the thesis Director). In an integrated analysis of the authors and co-authors, Tae Kyu Kwon published the most numerous studies(19) Conclusions : 1. The study of vibration or wave therapy has been increasing noticeably every year. 2. The major academic Fields studying vibration or wave therapy are the 'Kinesiologic Field', 'Physical Therapy Field', and 'Biomedical Engineering Field'. 3. The most chosen method of study design on vibration or wave treatment was 'RCT', and there was no significant change in the annual presentation rate. 4. Types of vibration or wave therapy could be classified as 'LVS(Local Vibration Stimulation)', 'WBV(Whole Body Vibration)', 'MV(Micro Vibration)', 'BV(Bio Vibration)' and 'SWV(Sound Wave Vibration)', and the study on Whole Body Vibration is most active. 5. Most of the studies of vibration or wave therapy were on musculoskeletal systems, but there were very few studies on internal diseases.