• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2015

The Personal Information Protection Commission shall be established under the direct jurisdiction of the President and shall independently perform affairs under its authority. It shall be comprised of total 15 members (5 members designated by the President, 5 members elected at the National Assembly and 5 members designated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court), including one minister-level Chairperson and one vice-minister-level standing member. Main functions of the Personal Information Protection Commission include deliberation and resolution of major policies and improvement of ordinances and systems related to personal information protection, coordination of opinions among public institutions in regards to the management of personal information, recommendation of improvement such as suspension of infringement by a central administrative agency, a local government and a constitutional institution, and submission of annual reports on personal information protection to the National Assembly. The function and role of the Personal Information Protection Commission regulated by the current law are insufficient in terms of independence and authorities of protection agencies compared to the international standard or level of discussion. The Commission thus cannot play a sufficient role as an independent agency for efficient protection of personal information. Therefore, there is a need for law revision that revives the purpose of the establishment of the Personal Information Protection Commission.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.859-872
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• 2015

Pebble matrix filtration (PMF) is a water treatment technology that can remove suspended solids in highly turbid surface water during heavy storms. PMF typically uses sand and natural pebbles as filter media. Hand-made clay pebbles (balls) can be used as alternatives to natural pebbles in PMF treatment plants, where natural pebbles are not readily available. Since the high turbidity is a seasonal problem that occurs during heavy rains, the use of newly developed composite clay balls instead of pure clay balls have the advantage of removing other pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM) during other times. Only the strength properties of composite clay balls are described here as the pollutant removal is beyond the scope of this paper. These new composite clay balls must be able to withstand dead and live loads under dry and saturated conditions in a filter assembly. Absence of a standard ball preparation process and expected strength properties of composite clay balls were the main reasons behind the present study. Five different raw materials from industry wastes: Red Mud (RM), Water Treatment Alum Sludge (S), Shredded Paper (SP), Saw Dust (SD), and Sugar Mulch (SM) were added to common clay brick mix (BM) in different proportions. In an effort to minimize costs, in this study clay balls were fired to $1100^{\circ}C$ at a local brick factory together with their bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was performed to evaluate crushing strength of composite hand-made clay balls, using uniaxial compression test to establish the best material combination on the basis of strength properties for designing sustainable filter media for water treatment plants. Performance at both construction and operating stages were considered by analyzing both strength properties under fully dry conditions and strength degradation after saturation in a water bath. The BM-75% as the main component produced optimum combination in terms of workability and strength. With the material combination of BM-75% and additives-25%, the use of Red Mud and water treatment sludge as additives produced the highest and lowest strength of composite clay balls, with a failure load of 5.4 kN and 1.4 kN respectively. However, this lower value of 1.4 kN is much higher than the effective load on each clay ball of 0.04 kN in a typical filter assembly (safety factor of 35), therefore, can still be used as a suitable filter material for enhanced pollutant removal.

• Strategy21
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• s.34
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• pp.58-92
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• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-68
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• 2005

The political activity of women is relatively low. This is mainly because of the social-cultural attitude that confines women's role to housewives, rather than the structural problems that are related to political activities itself. This study has attempted to enhance the political activities of women by examining and providing the practical informations related to the hardships that are experienced by women who are pursuing a career both as a politician as well as a housewife. The sample of this study consisted of women who are assuming chief executives positions in organizations that are related to political activity, including local representatives of the national assembly. A case study was conducted by interviewing 8 female politicians. The contents of the study mostly consists of the personal situations (related to house lives) of these women. Semi-structured questionnaires were used, and the interview was conducted several times. First, the political careers of these women tended to start passively, rather than voluntarily. Second, the negative attitudes that were initially displayed by the family members and close relatives had changed positively through out the course of time. Close relatives, parents/parents-in-law were likely to become helpers of child care and household labor. The husband was likely to be a supporter of the wife's political career, and the children started to understand the roles of their mother as they grew up. Third, the female politicians perceived that the main impediments of women pursuing political careers were the sexually discriminating culture, rather than their own ability. Fourth, the fact that these women had to spend a lot of time outside the house has worsened the role conflict and difficulties of these women who are required to assume dual-roles. Furthermore, the difficulties that are faced publicly and privately has increased the psychological burdens of these women, since politicians, in general, are people who need to maintain their public image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2013

In the case of occurring marine oil pollution, it is the most effective way that to prepare all the necessary response resources in advance and to respond to incidents, but there are limits in reality. Therefore, may be an important alternative ways to use a fishing vessel registered in the affected area by massive marine oil pollution efficiently. In the United States and other developed countries, it is can be found that temporary response program by local fishing vessels(VOO program) has been developed and operated. This study was examined for sweeping arm system suitable for domestic small fishing vessels. The selected small vessel was as the model of Coastal gill-net and compound fishing vessel with classes of 2.5~3.5tons, length 8~9m, breath 2.5~2.8m, horsepower 200~250 HP and FRP materials. The developed equipment was designed that can be easily mounted on the model ship and portable structure. For increasing the field practicality, the weight of each part was composed less than 10kg for easy assembly and disassembly.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.111-128
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• 2009

As it is expected that change in trade environment has a significant impact on Korean economic growth as well as foreign trade of Korean economy we need an appropriate political response to it. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the Export Competitiveness of IT Industry to China and our trade policy. Korean balance of trade to China in 2007 records surplus of 18.9 billion dollars. However, many experts estimate unfavorable balance of trade will appear from 2010. In consideration of this condition, this study suggests a desirable trade policy for long-term maintenance of current Export Competitiveness between Korea and China. Using TSI and RCA, it analyses a Export Competitiveness of IT Industry to China from 2003 to 2007. To sum up the results, the TSI has been declining since 2005. RCA of semi-conductors has been declining since 2005 while that of communication equipment and computers has been increasing. During the analysis period, the mean RCA of semi-conductors is 55.01, which indicates that its export advantage is somewhat weak, and the mean RCA of communication equipment and computers are 227.22 and 175.83 respectively, which indicates that their export advantage is very strong. Production and export of Korea IT industry have greatly increased in quantity, but its technological quality and diversity have not been satisfactory. In particular, the base of IT industry is growing weaker due to serious dependence of core spare parts on advanced countries and transfer of simple assembly plants to China. To maintain export competitiveness of IT industry, we should pay more attention to technological improvement through more investment to the original technology for local production of core spare parts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2016

Nanotechnology mostly employs nano-materials and nano-structures with distinctive properties based on their size, structure, and composition. It is quite difficult to produce nano-materials and nano-structures with identical sizes, structures, and compositions in large quantities, because of spatiotemporal fluctuation of production processes. In other words, fluctuation is the bottleneck in nanotechnology. We propose three strategies to suppress such fluctuations: employing 1) difference between linear and nonlinear phenomena, 2) difference in time constants, and 3) nucleation as a bottleneck phenomenon. We are also developing nano- and micro-scale guided assembly using plasmas as a plasma nanofabrication.1-5) We manipulate nano- and micro-objects using electrostatic, electromagnetic, ion drag, neutral drag, and optical forces. The accuracy of positioning the objects depends on fluctuation of position and energy of an object in plasmas. Here we evaluate such fluctuations and discuss the mechanism behind them. We conducted in-situ evaluation of local plasma potential fluctuation using tracking analysis of fine particles (=objects) in plasmas. Experiments were carried out with a radio frequency low-pressure plasma reactor, where we set two quartz windows at the top and bottom of the reactor. Ar plasmas were generated at 200 Pa by applying 13.56MHz, 450V peak-to-peak voltage. The injected fine particles were monodisperse methyl methacrylate-polymer spheres of $10{\mu}m$ in diameter. Fine particles were injected into the reactor and were suspended around the plasma/sheath boundary near the powered electrode. We observed binary collision of fine particles with a high-speed camera. The frame rate was 1000-10000 fps. Time evolution of their distance from the center of mass was measured by tracking analysis of the two particles. Kinetic energy during the collision was obtained from the result. Potential energy formed between the two particles was deduced by assuming the potential energy plus the kinetic energy is constant. The interaction potential is fluctuated during the collision. Maximum amplitude of the fluctuation is 25eV, and the average is 8eV. The fluctuation can be caused by neutral molecule collisions, ion collisions, and fluctuation of electrostatic force. Among theses possible causes, fluctuation of electrostatic force may be main one, because the fine particle has a large negative charge of -17000e and the corresponding electrostatic force is large compared to other forces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the New Government Buildings of Dalseong-gun which was held by the municipal authority of Dalseong-gun in June, 2002. The site is located at 1313 Gumpo-ri, Nongong-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu Metropolitan City and has an area of 50,000$m^2$. The judging criteria for the landscape design set by the Dalseong-gun could be articulated as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects the surrounding n a locale which functions as a community center of Dalseong-gun, a resting place for the welfare of its employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. The main design concepts of this project could be summarized as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects and utilizes the existing natural landscape resources, a design which features a harmony of nature with architecture and exterior space with interior space, and a design which balances esthetic form and practical function. This design consists of four major outdoor spaces ; the lawn, the entry plaza, a pine grove, and a deck area on the third floor. The multi-purpose lawn area near the main entrance area can be used for flea markets, outdoor weddings, and picnics for its neighbors. The adjacent plaza and parking lots can be unified as one space in case of large events. The entry plaza has three axes. Each of them represents the Assembly, the Administration, and the Culture. A big circle in the paving pattern unifies the three individual axes. A group of Zelkova trees was introduced to reflect local flavor. The existing pine grove was preserved as a symbolic 'park' for the Gumpo district. The outdoor amphitheatre within the grove was introduced by utilizing the existing topography, The flow of 'nature'on the deck area was designed to connect Mt. Gumkae with the 'city'. It is a comfortable resting place for its employees and visitors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2004

In Korea, as the elderly population is growing, the quality of life of the rural elderly is becoming a major concern. By the way, social welfare services is less available and accessible to the rural elderly. And we have very limited information about community -oriented welfare services for the elderly. The lack of social welfare services in rural area resulted from mainly geographic isolation and economic deprivation. So, the present research aimed at; 1) to explore what the social welfare service is benefited from governmental or local assembly. 2) to explore what kind of community services is provided for the rural village and elderly. 3) to appear the political propose for the rural elderly. In South Korea, The Rural Development Administration currently operate 'villages which is supported special programs for the improvement of QOL of rural elderly' in 110 villages. It is a model governmental welfare service for rural area. For the purpose, the survey data is gathered from community level data per village (107 villages), individual survey data(881people) who live in the village and qualitative data. Two kinds of quantitative data is combined to form a data. The statistical methods used for data analysis are descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The major findings of this study were as follows : It was founded that the majority family type of the rural elderly is elderly-only households(75%). In case of poor elderly, they have very limited social insurance benefit and they can not get medical services with satisfaction. The result show that the welfare facilities per village and welfare service for the elderly is extremely low while the needs of welfare service is greate high. A distinctive characteristics in rural villages is that they receive a lot of services from private sectors, like as Women Farmers Union, Adult Union. They operate voluntary welfare services related to food supporting, education for the elderly, free haircut services and so on. In conclusion, the community care services from private sector has specialty in rural area. We conclude it is a distinguishing characteristic of rural community.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

In recent years, laser-arc hybrid welding has begun to be adopted for assembly welding of automotive bodies and parts, because the hybrid welding process can weld lapped steel sheets having a larger gap than is possible with laser welding. In this paper, to predict the twist deformation by the hybrid welding when brackets are welded in B pillar of a passenger car, the residual stress using CAE is analyzed and the deformation result of CAE is compared with the measured deformation. First of all, after modeling heat source as intended to be expressed with laser-arc hybrid welding method, heat source fitting is done with welding conditions and a section of welding part obtained through specimen test. In case of heat source functions, laser used conical source and arc used double ellipsoid source. Through the local model analysis, elements which are located in the center of the model are selected. The elements are called WME(Welding Macro Element). This WME is extruded in the welding lines and welding phenomenon of complex parts is accomplished. The deformation amount after hybrid welding is got through a simulation, the validity of simulation is verified by measuring the panel and comparing with the simulation result.