• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2014

According to weight lightning trend of automobile body, necessity of resistance spot welding (RSW) of Mg alloy on automobile industry is increasing rapidly because of the highest specific strength among commercial metals. Mg alloy has low electric resistance and high thermal conductivity like as Al alloy, so that needs applying high current in short time when welding. Thick oxide film of Mg alloy pollutes the electrodes and makes partial current carrying paths when on welding. Partial current carrying paths signify excessive concentration of current. There can initiate expulsion easily and reduces electrode life rapidly. Generating partial current carrying paths and expulsions are influenced by shapes of electrode. Therefore, electrode life also influenced by shape. In this study, we perform life test of RSW electrode of radius type. Measure tensile shear load and nugget size every spot alternately. As a result, radius type electrode can extend life over twice as dome type electrode.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.406-416
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• 2001

동적 메트릭을 사용하는 단일 경로 라우팅 방식이 폭주에 대처하는 방법은 폭주 영역을 피해 갈수 있도록 경로를 바꾸어주는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 라우트 변경은 라우팅 진동을 야기할 수 있고 폭주에 대응하여 실제적으로 네트워크 상에존재하는 다중의 경로들을 모두 동시에 이용할 수 없다는 한계점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 라우팅 오버헤드 측면에서 매우 효율적이면서 라우팅 성능을 높일 수 있는 동적 로드 밸런싱을 수행하는 다중 경로 라우팅 방식인 MP-DLB를 제안하였다. MP-DLB 방식은 동적 로드 밸런싱을 수행하는 다중 경로 라우팅의 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 인터넷 트래픽이 일부 hot 목적지로 집중되는 패턴을 보이는 인터넷 패킷배치 분석자료를 근거로 hot 목적지에 대해서만 다중 경로를 설정하고 이들 다중 경로에 대해서만 동적로드 밸런싱을 수행한다. 소수의 hot 목적지에 대해서만 다중 경로를 사용하도록 하는 것은 다중 경로 사용을 위한 오버헤드를 감소시키면서도 라우팅 성능에 주된 영향을 미치는 트래픽에 대한 라우팅을 효율적이고 안정되게 제공하는 효과가 있다. 제안하는 MP-DLB 방식의 성능을 검토하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 실행한 결과 MP-DLB는 하나의 hot 목적지를 향하여 임의의 라우터에 집중되고 있는 여러 소스로부터의 트래픽을 다중 경로를 이용해 분산 전송함으로써 효과적으로 폭주를 경감시키고 라우팅성능을 높임을 볼수 있었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1996

In this study we simulate the fatigue test of a compact tension specimen and obtain the displacements, stresses and strains by using the finite element method. And we examine the path independency of $\Delta$J integral values and compare it with $\Delta$J integral values calculated from load-load line displacement curve. From the results of this study, we can find that $\Delta$J integral show the path Independency for saturated materials. We can also find that the path independency of $\Delta$J Is not satisfied when different material Is assumed near the crack tip, but the difference in $\Delta$J is small. And $\Delta$J integral values calculated from load-load line displacement is very analogous with those from integration path but always have lower values than those from integration paths. In the case of crack closing, we found that $\Delta$J integral values from load-load line displacement should be calculated with the load Increment values based on the crack opening point. The unsaturated material is also simulated and its $\Delta$J shows different values according to the path, but the difference is small.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.321-326
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• 1999

In this study, fatigue crack propagation problem of plate under multi-axial loading is mainly considered To analyze this special problem, recently developed technique called EFGM(Element-Free Galerkin Method), one of the Meshfree Methods, and general fatigue crack growth raw herein Paris law are used Using the Implemented scheme, paths of fatigue cracks by constant-amplitude load fluctuation and multiple-crack growth behavior are examined. The failure mechanism of steel plate due to crack propagation is studied. As a result, an algorithm that treats multiple fatigue crack problems is proposed. A numerical example shows that the prediction of growing paths can be achieved successfully and efficiently by proposed algorithm.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1984

A line integral is exhibited which has the same value for all paths surrounding the tip of crack in a two dimensional strain field of elastic-plasticc material. Finite element method was used to determine Rice's J-integral value in centrally cracked plate. These numerical J-integral values were compared with corresponding values of reference with low hardening and high yield strength. The J-integral value was also computed for a crack extension and different load condition. For increasing crack length the value of J-integral also increases, this means that the crack is unstable. To prove path independent, three paths were used in the analysis and proved.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.555-570
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• 2010

Shallow fixed arches have a nonlinear primary equilibrium path with limit points and an unstable postbuckling equilibrium path, and they may also have bifurcation points at which equilibrium bifurcates from the nonlinear primary path to an unstable secondary equilibrium path. When a shallow fixed arch is subjected to a central step load, the load imparts kinetic energy to the arch and causes the arch to oscillate. When the load is sufficiently large, the oscillation of the arch may reach its unstable equilibrium path and the arch experiences an escaping-motion type of dynamic buckling. Nonlinear dynamic buckling of a two degree-of-freedom arch model is used to establish energy criteria for dynamic buckling of the conservative systems that have unstable primary and/or secondary equilibrium paths and then the energy criteria are applied to the dynamic buckling analysis of shallow fixed arches. The energy approach allows the dynamic buckling load to be determined without needing to solve the equations of motion.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.443-461
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• 2014

Overlay routing has emerged as a promising approach to improve reliability and efficiency of the Internet. For one-hop overlay source routing, when a given primary path suffers from the link failure or performance degradation, the source can reroute the traffic to the destination via a strategically placed relay node. However, the over-heavy traffic passing through the same relay node may cause frequent package loss and delay jitter, which can degrade the throughput and utilization of the network. To overcome this problem, we propose a Load-Balanced One-hop Overlay Multipath Routing algorithm (LB-OOMR), in which the traffic is first split at the source edge nodes and then transmitted along multiple one-hop overlay paths. In order to determine an optimal split ratio for the traffic, we formulate the problem as a linear programming (LP) formulation, whose goal is to minimize the worse-case network congestion ratio. Since it is difficult to solve this LP problem in practical time, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to select the relay nodes for constructing the disjoint one-hop overlay paths, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the LP algorithm. Simulations based on a real ISP network and a synthetic Internet topology show that our proposed algorithm can reduce the network congestion ratio dramatically, and achieve high-quality overlay routing service.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

A coupled experimental-numerical study on shear fracture in concrete specimens with different geometries is carried out. The crack initiation, propagation and final breakage of concrete specimens are experimentally studied under compression loading. The load-strain and the strength of the specimens are experimentally measured, indicating decreasing effects of the shear behavior on the failure load of the specimen. The effects of specimen geometries on the shear fracturing path in the concrete specimens are also investigate. Numerical models using an indirect boundary element method are made to evaluate the crack propagation paths of concrete specimens. These numerical results are compared with the performed experiments and are validated experimentally.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

인터넷에서 트래픽의 폭발적인 증가로 인하여 데이터 흐름에 대한 서비스품질(QoS) 보장과 트래픽 엔지니어링 문제가 매우 중요하게 되었다 MPLS는 출발지와 목적지 사이에 다중의 경로를 사용하는 데 자유롭기 때문에 기존의 IP 라우팅보다 이러한 문제를 해결하는데 장점을 갖고 있다 특히 제한기반 최소 거리(CSPF) 알고리즘과 MPLS의 explicit 결로는 위의 문제를 해결하도록 해주었다. 그러나, CSPF 알고리즘은 QoS 제한 이내의 최소 거리 경로를 찾기 때문에 QoS가 만족되는 다른 경로를 찾을 수 없으며, 트래픽이 몰리는 정체가 발생하였을 경우 최선형(best-effort) 트래픽 데이터는 잃게 된다. 본 논문에서는 MPLS 망에서 트래픽을 분산시키는 라우팅을 통해 네트워크 자원을 최적으로 사용하는 방안을 제시한다

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2002

MPLS와 트래픽 엔지니어링 기술의 발전으로 다중경로 패킷 전달 및 동적인 부하 제어가 가능하게 되었다. 동적인 부하 제어는 네트웍의 상태를 고려하여 경로간의 부하를 조절함으로써 네트웍의 효율성을 높일 수 있으나, 상태 정보의 시간차이에 의해 불안정한 상태에 이르기 쉽다. 본 논문에서는 부하의 할당을 안정적으로 변화시키면서도 효율적인 부하 제어를 하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 네트웍 상태 정보에 예측기법을 도입하여 시간차이에 의한 오류를 줄이고 진동을 막는 효과가 있다.