• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

Previously we have reported that black ginseng was produced by nine-time repeated steaming 5-year fresh ginsengs at 95${\circ}$C for 3hr in pottery apparatus and drying at 60${\circ}$C for 12${\sim}$36 hr and had an outstanding anticancer activity. This study was designed to examine the ability of black ginseng to suppress body weight gain appetite, and to investigate the effect of black ginseng on lipid profile in male rats fed normal diets. The extract of black ginseng was administered daily for 3 weeks, and the changes of body weight and food intake were measured. After administering the extracts for 3 weeks, the fat weight and serum lipid levels were also measured. Black ginseng persistently suppressed weigh gain and food intake was also reduced, but not significantly; The weight of both epididymal and abdominal fats was decreased In black ginseng-treated rats. Serum triglyceride level in rats administered with black ginseng was also significantly lowered. Therefore, these results reveal that the repeated administration of black ginseng causes a suppression of body weigh gain by decreasing triglyceride level in blood and body fat deposit.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture on weight loss, food intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis. Methods Four week-old C57BL/6J mice acclimatized to the laboratory environment for 1 week were allocated into four groups of 6~8 mice each: normal diet group, high fat diet group, high fat diet group and treated with acupuncture at HT7, high fat diet group and treated with acupuncture at ST36 for 90days. High fat diet group was used to control group. Results 1) Body weight, food intake of the ST36, HT7 groups decreased compared with those of control group. ST36 group was more effective with body weight decrease, and HT7 group was more effective with food intake decrease. 2) NEFA, TG, TC, ALT, AST of the ST36, HT7 groups decreased compared with those of control group. ST36 group was more effective. 3) The expression of SREP-1c, SREBP-2 of the ST36 group decreased compared with those of control group. These decreased rates were statistically significant. SREBP-2 of the HT7 group decreased significantly compared to the control group. 4) LXR, FAS, SCD of the ST36 group decreased significantly compared with control group. 5) p-ACC, HMGCR of the ST36 group decreased significantly compared with those of control group. HMGCR of the HT7 group decreased significantly compared with control group. Conclusions These results suggest that ST36, HT7 acupuncture may be used prevent or treat the obesity induced by high fat diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nutrition counseling and exercise could be beneficial to patients with acquired cardiac disease (ACD). Twenty-five ACD patients participated in this program, which was based on guidelines for serum lipid management. To measure the effects of the nutrition counseling and exercise education, outpatients with ACD were selected and randomly assigned to three groups which were a control group, a diet only group and a diet and exercise group. Nine diet only group patients and nine diet and exercise group patients received nutrition counseling or nutrition counseling and exercise education every other week. Patients who served as a non counseled control group did not receive any counseling during the same study period. Various markers of disease risk, including lifestyle, anthropometric indices, eating behaviors, and serum lipid levels were measured before and after the program. The program lasted up to 12 weeks, depending on the individuals involved. Database management and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 7.5 software. As a result, BMI and %IBW showed decreased trends in the diet only and the diet and exercise group. Food habit scores were significantly increased in the diet only group and the frequency of saturated fatty acid, dietary cholesterol, salty food and instant food intake were decreased in the diet only group. Comparisons of the daily nutrient intakes of the groups showed their total calorie, carbohydrate and protein intake had decreased significantly, and also the total fat and dietary cholesterol intake had decreased in the nutrition counseling group. The serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased after 12 weeks in the nutrition counseling group. The diet and exercise group showed less interest in diet control than the diet only group. These results show that a well-planned nutrition counseling program would reduce the risks of ACD and cardiovascular disease and help to care such diseases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.951-956
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of duck-meat consumption on adult disease risk factors, including body compositions, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles in adult human males. To obtain results, 20 adult males aged 20 to 25 were subjected to a diet of 600 g/day of duck-meat for 4 wk, after which body composition, hematological variables, and serum metabolic and lipid profiles were investigated to determine if there was a relationship between duck-meat consumption and adult disease risk factors. The results revealed that high amounts of duck-meat intake did not negatively alter body indices such as body weight, fat mass, body mass index (BMI), % body fat or waste-to-hip ratio (WHR). Furthermore, there were statistically insignificant changes in the number of blood cells, although this number did increase significantly following intake of duck-meat. Moreover, general decreases in serum metabolic parameters were observed, but none of these changes were significant with the exception of the concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol also showed a statistically significant decrease by 5.86%. Therefore, this study suggests that the ingestion of duck-meat not only significantly increased the RBC count but also decreased BUN and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in adult males.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone mineral density of male (n = 59) and female (n = 172) teachers according to the obesity index by percentage of body fat and age. The energy intakes of obesity group were higher than normal group in male (p < 0.05), but were not significant in female. The protein intake ratio among three energy nutrients for male was higher than female (p < 0.001), and lipid intake ratio of obesity group in female was a little higher than male that was not significant. TC, LDL, TC/HDL, risk of coronary heart disease, blood glucose and blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in female (p < 0.01 ~ p < 0.001), but were little significance in male. Risk of coronary heart disease was affected by gender (p < 0.001), obesity degree (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), and interaction of gender and age (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was affected by obesity degree (p < 0.05), but was not affected by age. T-scores of forearm for female (= -1.42) were lower than that of male = -0.95), and T-scores of obesity group in male (= 0.12) were higher than that of normal group (= -0.33) but were not significant in female. The T-scores of forearm for female were affected by age (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.01), but calcaneus was not affected by gender. These results suggest lipid intake ratio should be balanced for obesity group in female. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is necessary for obesity group and older age groups. T-scores of forearm were lower than calcaneus, so arm exercise would be especially required to prevent osteoporosis for older age women groups.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the nutritional knowledge, 2) the use of nutritional supplements, and 3) nutrient intakes of male elite bodybuilders (n=20). Participants carried out a comprehensive survey, anthropometric assessment, and 1 day food record. Daily nutrient intakes of the subjects were analyzed using Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program (Can-pro 3.0). The mean age of the subjects was 23.4 years. The mean duration of exercise was 5.3 years. The average scores of nutritional knowledge were 71.0%. The subjects were gathered nutrition information from nutrition book (65%), mass communication (50%), friends (50%) and coach (30%) in order. Ninety percentage of the subjects reported that they were taking nutritional supplements. Major reasons for taking nutritional supplements were to improve performance and to build-up muscle. The most frequently taken nutritional supplements were protein powder (85%), multivitamin/mineral (75%), BCAA (60%) and glutamine (55%) in order. The average daily energy intakes of the subjects were 4,248.7 kcal. The mean intake of protein was 370.3 g/day (3.93 g/kg BW). The ratio of total energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and lipid was 51 : 34 : 15. The intakes of most vitamin and minerals through food and nutrition supplements were much higher than those of each nutrient of the RDAs. Especially, vitamin B complex and vitamin C intakes were ranged from 500 to 3,000% of KNHNES. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of carbohydrates, protein, lipid and micro-nutrients for the bodybuilders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.749-758
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• 2003

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in these patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education at improving nutritional status of 23 Korean HD patients (mean : 48.6 $\pm$ 10.4 years, men : 8, women : 15). Anthropometric indices, nutrient intakes, and biochemical blood indices were measured before and after a 6-month nutrition education intervention. Anthropometric indices such as percent ideal body weight [PIBW (%)], body fat, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), and calculated arm muscle area (CAMA) of subjects were within the normal range and not changed by nutrition education. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after nutrition education. Intake of total energy, carbohydrate, lipid, Ca, and vitamin B1 was increased significantly (p < 0.05) but intake of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium was decreased (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, and Ca were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but levels of P and K were decreased (p < 0.05) after the intervention. These findings suggest that nutrition education for HD patients can be effective for positively changing nutrient intakes, leading to improvements in blood indices and nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.859-869
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of soup temperature on hunger, energy, and nutrient intake. The hot meal consisted of 400 g of hot beef-vegetable soup (75$^{\circ}C$), Yubu Chobap, Bulgogi, cucumber pickle and radish pickle. The cold meal component were the same as the hot meal except 300 g of water (8$^{\circ}C$) and boiled vegctables (100 g), instead of the hot beef-vegetable soup ot the hot meal. Thirst, core temperature and blood pressure were also measured before and after consumption the test meals in a within-subjects, repeated measures design. 30 women consumed 17% more kilocalories, 13% more protein and lipid and 16% more carbohydrate in the cold meal than in the hot meal. The core temperature at the end of the test meal was higher in the hot meal than in the cold meal. Energy and nutrient intake were inversely correlated with the hunger scores within 1 hour after the hot meal, however those are not related with each other in the cold meal. So hunger feeling might be disturbed in the cold meal. It is concluded that energy and nutrient consumptions were higher in the cold meal, partly because of the distrubed hunger feeling in the cold meal.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of the obese children in depth and provide basic information for a comprehensive educational program for the obese children. Physical and biochemical characteristics, nutrient intake, and self-esteem, etc. of 16 obese elementary school children (OC) and 14 normal weight elementary school children (NWC) were examined. Self-esteem was measured using Likert-type scales with description. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose of OC were higher than those of NWC. Dietary intake with a lunch provided more energy and vitamin B1 in OC than in NWC. Physical appearance and athletic competence among self-esteem in OC were lower than in NWC. However, there was no significant difference in physical activity between OC and NWC. In OC, atherogenic index was positively related with waist circumference, obesity index and BMI while athletic competence self-esteem was negatively related with them. It is recommended that the children should receive the comprehensive educational program for improving children' dietary behavior and their self-esteem.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the association nutrition education experience in regards to metabolic risk and nutrition intake in Korean adult male using the 2016~2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as the reference. The study involved a total of 1,978 male subjects aged 40~64 who were classified into the 2 groups based on their nutrition education experience: Educated group (n=88) and non-educated group (n=1,890). The household income and education level of educated group were higher than those of the non-educated group. The two groups showed no significant difference in the level of fasting blood sugar, blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and hypertension. Vitamin C intake of the educated group (127.5 mg) was higher compared to the non-educated group (88.2 mg) (p<0.05). The percentage of the subjects utilizing nutritional labels was higher in the educated group. The nutrition education experience was inversely proportional to lower Odds Ratio in hyperLDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.84) and HypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87). This result indicates that nutritional education can be used as an effective tool to avert chronic diseases and develop healthy eating habits.