• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an AR (Augmented Reality) lip makeup using bare hands interactively using an RGB camera. Unlike previous interactive makeup studies, this interactive lip makeup system is based on an RGB camera. Also, the system controls the makeup area in pixels, not in polygon-units. For pixel-unit controlling, the system also proposed a 'Rendering Map' that can store the relative position of the touched hand relative to the lip landmarks. With the map, the part to be changed in color can be specified in the current frame. And the lip color of the corresponding area is adjusted, even if the movement of the face changes in the next frame. Through user experiments, we compare quantitatively and qualitatively our makeup method with the conventional polygon-unit method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances the quality of makeup with a little sacrifice of computational complexity. It is confirmed that natural makeup similar to the actual lip makeup is possible by dividing the lip area into more detailed areas. Furthermore, the method can be applied to make the face makeup of other areas more realistic.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1827-1835
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• 2010

In this paper, facial feature areas in user picture are created by facial feature points extracted by ASM(Active Shape Model). In a existing virtual make-up application, users manually select a few features that are exactly. Users are uncomfortable with this method. We propose a virtual makeup application using ASM that does not require user input. In order to express a natural makeup, the modified alpha blendings for each cosmetic are used to blend skin color with cosmetic color. The Virtual makeup application was implemented to apply Foundation, Blush, Lip Stick, Lip Liner, Eye Pencil, Eye Liner and Eye Shadow.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate makeup images shown in the beauty trends and analyzes the characteristics of makeup colors depending on the types of facial makeup. This survey's collected data includes a total of 365 makeup colors which have been shown in the beauty trends for the last three years. The pictures and vocabularies shown in such data were analyzed and thus we could have classificatorily six kinds of makeup images. In addition, makeup colors were divided into two subcategories: eye makeup and lip makeup, both of which have the most significant impact on the makeup images. As the results, the types of makeup images shown at beauty trends were classified such as natural image, gorgeous image, elegant image, sophisticate image, and romantic image. If analyzing yearly changes, active, romantic, and elegant images were common in 2008, and natural image displayed a certain strong tendency amid pro-environmental trends in 2009, and gorgeous images were appeared apparently in 2010, while natural image showed a bullish tendency yet. Regarding to color characteristics by makeup images shown at beauty trends, YR color in eye makeup and R in lip makeup looked bullish generally, and a lot of changes were shown in color tones. This fact gives help in grasping fashion colors and color tones of yearly makeups. Based on these results, this study examines makeup colors for expressing makeup images closely, and then suggests that it could be utilized in makeup color planning.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1654-1666
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• 2021

In this study, the impression formation according to the lip design of beauty makeup, preferred lips and its reasons have been empirically analyzed. The research method is a questionnaire survey using SPSS program. As a result of the study, it has been founded the significant influence of the color and shape of the lips on the impression formation, and the modern people's views on lip makeup could be identified. The most preferred lip color was red, and the preferred lip shape was the standard type. As a result of factor analysis, red color showed the highest capability factor, and pink color showed the highest sociability factor among lip colors. It hopefully is expected that this study will be utilized as basic data for beauty design.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1019-1026
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a new method of eye, face, and lip makeup techniques on the target face image from several makeup examples without losing detail features such as eyelids, eyebrows, hair. After detection of the feature layer for the skin, we applied our makeup techniques to the target face by using a blending technique. We used a cartoon rendering using bilateral filter. In order to smoothly makeup the target face, we created two Gaussian Weight maps for natural skin makeup effects. Our method did not need to perform complex operations, so the makeup results are so natural. Our experimental results show good performances in various makeups.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2022

In order to promote active sales growth in the rapidly changing modern society's makeup market, it is now time to analyze makeup colors closely in line with current trends. Therefore, in this study, professional women from Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do were treated and analyzed with the statistical SPSS 21.0 package program for colors such as makeup base, eyebrow, lip, and cheek, and the reasons for their preference. As a result of the study, yellow makeup base, black eyebrow, red lip, and red cheek color were preferred. This study will be provided as basic data for the development of various makeup patterns and novel makeup color items, and it is believed that it will contribute directly or indirectly to increased sales while gaining an edge in the modern makeup market.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.52-63
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand why and how elementary school students do their makeup. An interview with 13 sixth grade female students attending an elementary school in Seoul was conducted to identify the reasons, learning routes, and purchasing patterns related to their makeup purchase and use. The results of this qualitative analysis showed that the girls were influenced to start wearing makeup by friends or family members, such as sisters and mothers. The students thought that their faces were ugly before they did makeup. They thought they became more beautiful and they were pleased after makeup. Elementary school students mostly reported that they used sunscreen, sun cushion with a whitening function, and lip tint. Some students also used a concealer to cover their flaws. They learned the methods of makeup by watching YouTube videos and from friends. They showed different purchasing patterns depending on the type of cosmetics they buy. They reported that their parents often bought their basic cosmetics such as lotions, and creams, while they tend to use their own money to purchase cosmetics for makeup.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.156-165
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• 2020

330 Korean adult women were examined the correlation between degree of makeup and makeup satisfaction before/after wearing masks due to COVID-19 and the moderating effect of mandatory/voluntary goal-oriented attitude toward makeup. The study found that lip makeup(p<.001) was significant variable in makeup satisfaction before COVID-19, and eyebrow makeup(0<.002) was significant after COVID-19. Although moderating effect of mandatory goal-oriented attitude, which works between degree of makeup before/after COVID-19 and makeup satisfaction was not significant, but moderating effect of voluntary goal-oriented attitude appeared to be significant before(p<.000) and after(p<.000) COVID-19. And the degree of makeup after COVID-19 was lower than before(p<.000). If one believe that makeup is for one's own satisfaction, degree of makeup can be significant effect on the makeup satisfaction, but actual behavior has shown that degree of makeup has decreased since wearing masks because of COVID-19. I hope this research will be used as marketing material for beauty and cosmetics industry.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.739-744
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• 2023

With the popularization of 5G networks and the development of AI (artificial intelligence) technology, Metaverse, which creates production capacity by combining virtual space and reality, is attracting attention. In this study, we searched for makeup applications with more than 100 million downloads from October 11, 2020 to November 3, 2020 through the Google Play Store. As a result of the search, four applications were found: YouCam Makeup, YouCam Perfect, Beauty Plus, and Sweet Snap. Based on the functions provided by the four applications, we attempted to suggest makeup functions applicable to Zepeto's avatar. Functions for the eyes (eyeliner, eyelashes, mascara, eye shadow, eye shape, eyebrow shape, lenses, double eyelids), functions for the nose (nose shape), functions for the mouth (lipstick, lip shape, smile function) ) Functions corresponding to the facial contour (contour, skin foundation, blusher, shading, highlighter, face painting, theme makeup) and functions corresponding to the body (body adjustment) were proposed. This study is the first in the beauty field to propose a method of applying the functions of the Metaverse platform as the importance of digital platforms is highlighted, and is the first to propose a makeup function applied to the Metaverse so that it can be used as important basic data in the future.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1653-1662
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• 2018

Inspired by the increasing popularity of cosmetic-related mobile application as a tool for instant beautification, the present study examined colors of virtual makeup templates and makeup looks. A survey study was performed by thirty-six respondents to determine the top three desirable virtual makeup templates among nineteen templates. The templates of 'Bella', 'Hilary' and 'Cara' were then analyzed by makeup specialists and color experts for the evaluation of their makeup design and colors. Each color feature of three makeup templates were also evaluated through statistical analysis of ANOVA on the measure of $L^*a^*b^*$ crossed with five types of face elements on three types of virtual makeup images. Overall results indicate that Korean female users in their 20s and 30s preferred a similar makeup concept appeared in makeup template and key worlds. They also preferred a pale skin tone with higher lightness and a slightly higher saturated lip color as an emphasis than other features.