• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.569-595
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• 2007

Particularly in wireless communications, link errors severely affect the quality of the services due to the high error probability and the specific error characteristics (burst errors) in the radio access part of the network. In this work, we show that thorough analysis and appropriate modeling of radio-link error behavior are essential to evaluate and optimize higher layer protocols and services. They are also the basis for finding network-aware cross-layer processing algorithms which are capable of exploiting the specific properties of the link error statistics, such as predictability. This document presents the analysis of the radio link errors based on measurements in live Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) radio access networks as well as new link error models originating from that analysis. It is shown that the knowledge of the specific link error characteristics leads to significant improvements in the quality of streamed video by applying the proposed novel network- and content-aware cross-layer scheduling algorithms. Although based on live UMTS network experience, many of the conclusions in this work are of general validity and are not limited to UMTS only.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2006

With the on-going wireless access technologies, the Internet has become accessible anytime anywhere. In wireless networks, link errors significantly degrade the performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP). To cope with this issue, this paper improves the recently-proposed terrestrial REFWA (T-REFWA) scheme by adding a new error recovery mechanism to its original design. In the T-REFWA scheme, senders are acknowledged with appropriate sending rates at which an efficient and fair utilization of network resources can be achieved. As the feedback values are computed independently of link errors, senders can keep transmitting data at high rates even in case of link error occurrences. Using this feature, the proposed error recovery mechanism can achieve high throughput in environments with high bit error rates. The throughput is further improved by disabling the exponential back-off algorithm of TCP so that long idle times are avoided in case of link errors. We show through simulations that the proposed method improves TCP performance in high bit error rates. Compared with several TCP variants, the proposed error recovery scheme exhibits higher link utilization and guarantees system fairness for different bit error rates.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.799-809
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• 2002

In order to utilize a parallel mechanism as a machine tool component, it is important to estimate the errors of its end-effector due to the uncertainties in parts. This study proposes an error analysis for a new parallel device, a cubic parallel mechanism. For the parallel device, we consider two kinds of errors. One is a static error due to link stiffness and the other is a dynamic error due to clearances in the parts. In this study, we propose a stiffness model for the cubic parallel mechanism under the assumption that the link stiffness is a linear function of the link length. Also, from the fact that the errors of u-joints and spherical joints are changed with the direction of force acting on the link, they are regarded as a part of link errors, and then the error model is derived using forward kinematics. Lastly, both the error models are integrated into the total error, which is analyzed with a test example that the platform moves along a circular path. This analysis can be used in predicting the accuracy of other parallel devices.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2006

To control the tip position of a flexible-link manipulator, a neural network (NN) controller is proposed in this paper. The dynamics error used to construct NN controller is derived based on output redefinition approach. Without the filtered tracking error, the proposed NN controller can still guarantee the closed-loop system uniformly asymptotically stable as well as NN weights bounded. Furthermore, the tracking error of desired trajectory can converge to zero with the proposed controller. For comparison an NN controller with filtered tracking error is also designed for the flexible-link manipulator. Finally, simulation studies are carried out to verify the theoretic results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1997

In this paper, a method has been proposed for error measurement/diagnosis of CNC machine tools using the ball link bar on three dimensional space. For the circular motion error measurement, deviation between the desired and actual test path has been measured and analysed using a new type of ball link which incorporates ideal three point contact between reference balls and sockets. Computer program for the error evaluation has been developed and implemented under PC environment. Using the developed program, the circular test data on a CNC machine tool have been analysed, and thus, machine tool errors were effectively evaluated.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.397-401
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• 1997

An error analysis is very important for a precision machine to estimate its performances. This study deals with error of a new parallel device, cubic parallel manipulator. There are so many error sources in this mechanism. Errors of the cubic parallel device vary depending on the stiffness of the manipulator. The stiffness of each link depends on the directions of the link and actuation force. In this paper, the stiffness of the manipulator is calculated by ARAQUS and the position and orlentation errors are predicted within a given workspace. The analysis shows that the method can be used in predicting the accuracy of other parallel devices and in designing parallel devices.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 출발시각기준 실시간 링크통행시간 추정정보의 질을 평가하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 통행시간 정보의 질을 정확성(추정오차)과 신속성(시간처짐) 측면에서 평가하였다. 그리고 통행시간 정보의 질과 링크길이 및 혼잡수준과의 관계를 규명하였다. 분석결과, 출발시각기준 실시간 링크통행시간 추정정보의 정확성과 신속성은 서로 상충관계임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 정확성을 나타내는 '추정오차' 는 계통오차(systematic error)와 혼잡수준을 반영하는 평균자승오차(MSEE)로 구성되는 것으로 분석되었다 시간처짐은 '최소시간처짐', '혼잡에 의한 시간처짐', '갱신간격에 의한 시간처짐'으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 이를 실제 AVI자료에 적용한 결과, 링크길이와 혼잡수준에 관계없이 추정오차가 5%일 때, 시간처짐은 약 10분 정도 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 무선 노드의 이동성에 따른 링크 에러로 인한 Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) IP 자동 네트워크 프로토콜(Address Autoconfiguration Protocol: AAP)의 메시지 복잡도를 분석하고자 한다. 링크 에러로 인해 목적지까지 전달되지 못한 메시지는 재전송되어야 하고, 이러한 재전송 횟수 (S)를 링크 에러 확률 ($P_e$)에 따라 계산하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한, O-표기법에 따라 N개의 노드에 의해 발생된 메시지의 Upper Bound를 각 AAP에서 유도하였다. 본 연구에서 검토된 AAP는 Strong Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), Weak DAD with proactive routing protocol (WDP), Weak DAD with on-demand routing protocol (WDO), MANETconf이다. 컴퓨터 기반 시뮬레이션에서, 제안된 알고리즘에 의해 링크 에러가 있을 때, 각 AAP의 성능을 분석해본 결과, WDP가 가장 낮은 메시지 복잡도를 가졌고, MANETconf가 가장 높은 메시지 복잡도를 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2009

This paper focuses on message complexity performance analysis of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) address autoconfiguration protocols (AAPs) in reference to link errors generated by mobile wireless nodes. An enhancement was made using a proposed retransmission limit, S, to be computed for error recovery (based on the link error probability), to measure message complexity of AAPs in reference to the link error probability, $P_e$. The control procedures for the retransmission limit have been included for each of the AAPs. Retransmission limit control is critical for efficient energy consumption of MANET nodes operating on limited portable energy. O-notation has been applied to analyze the upper bound of the number of messages generated by a MANET group of nodes. The AAPs investigated in this paper are strong duplicate address detection (DAD), weak DAD with proactive routing protocol (WDP), weak DAD with on-demand routing protocol (WDO), and MANETConf. Each AAP reacts different to link errors, as each AAP has different operational procedures. The required number of broadcasting, unicasting, relaying, and received messages of the nodes participating in a single-node joining procedure is investigated to asymptotically calculate the message complexity of each AAP. Computer simulation was conducted and the results have been analyzed to verify the theoretical message complexity bounds derived. The message complexity of WDP was lowest, closely followed byWDO, based on the simulation results and analysis of the message complexity under nominal situations. The message complexity of MANETConf was higher than WDO, and strong DAD resulted to be most complex among the four AAPs.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 대부분의 무선 링크는 네트워크 에지에서 사용되고, NIC 드라이버가 무선 링크 오류율을 관찰하고 있다는 가정 하에, 기존 TCP의 혼잡제어를 수정한 TCP-L(TCP Link Aware)을 제안한다. TCP-L은 무선 링크 오류율을 이용해 유선 링크의 혼잡 손실률을 예측하여 무선 링크에서 세그먼트 손실이 발생했을 경우에 나타나는 성능 저하를 회피할 수 있다. 또한 실험을 통해 무선 링크 오류율이 높은 환경에서 다른 무선 TCP 보다 높은 처리율을 보이면서도 다른 유선 TCP 소스와의 형평성을 유지하는 것을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 접근 방법은 세그먼트 손실이 많거나 전송 지연이 산발적으로 발생하는 새로운 무선 환경, 즉 802.11 ACK-less와 인지 라디오(Cognitive Radio)와 같은 무선 링크에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.