• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.2 s.110
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

For the purpose of developing liner board for water resistant corrugated board in the cold chain system, several types of base paper for corrugated board were purchased from the market and 6 different boards were produced in the mill by applying the chemicals, chosen in the previous studies, on the base paper. Then water-moisture resistance and physical properties of the boards were compared each other. The liner board which is dried at high temperature with pressure by Condebelt (CK paper) showed a superior performance in strength over common liner boards. Strength of the board increased by surface chemical treatment up to $60\%$ of compressive strength and $30\%$ of burst strength. Starch insolubilization with Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate and surface coating with a surface sizing agent and a moisture resistant chemical on CK paper showed the best result. Therefore this method was recommended to produce the outer liner board for water resistant corrugated board.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.545-552
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate permeability characteristic of soil-bentonite landfill liner and development of desirable liner system. In this study, permeability tests for soil-bentonite, reactive soil-bentonite and apply bentomat and reactive mat are carried out under the low and high water pressure. According to test result, additional amount of bentonite decreases the coefficient of permeability up to the bentonite mixture ratio of 15%. Therefore, the permeability test for landfill liner's indicated that the use of general water would be in more safe side because the liner system show low permeability duet decrease effect of porous by suspended soild(SS). The permeability of leachate for Zeolite mixture ratio 0, 5, 10% with bentonite mixture ratio 15% showed negligible variation in the permeability with general water. Therefore, Zeolite could be used as a successful that is available purification material for the treatment of leachate, without changing the of landfill liners. Also odious smell could be removed by adding smell amount of Zeolite to the leachate. It was revealed that the bentomat and reactive mat installed in soil-bentonite layer effectively improved the permeability as well as purification of the leachate.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

As a novel method to improve strength properties of recycled test liner, Condebelt press drying system was introduced and adopted into Korea. New press drying treatment could enhance the surface and strength properties in accordance with the increase of sheet density. However, Condebelt drying can not increase the density of repeatedly recycled test liner as much as that of virgin UKP and at the same density condition, the strength of Condebelt press dried UKP is greater than that of press dried test liner. In order to increase the strength of test liner, two attempts were tried in this study. First, addition of polyelectrolytes, dry strength agent was investigated with a view to promote the fiber bonding potential of reclaimed corrugated container pulp. Second, blending effect of fines were analyzed in an aims of increasing density and strength of test liner. The results were as follows; Even in the case of test liner densified by Condebelt press dryer, addition of amphoteric PAM as a dry strength agent was effective in increasing strength properties and so the effect of dry strength agent on improving bonding potential of recycled OCC fiber could be confirmed. As an appropriate addition level of amphoteric PAM, below 1% based on dry pulp weight was suggested. Different from virgin UKP, density of recycled test liner can be increased by the blending of OCC fines and strength properties also can be improved. However, excessive blending of OCC fines could result in decreasing of density and serious weakening of test liner. The best blending ration of fines in test liner can be determined as about 30%. Taking into account the fines content in general OCC pulp as 50%, excessive 20% of fines were supposed to be fractionated and removed in order to achieve the best strength of Condebelt press dried test liner.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2013

Kimchi cabbage 'Choongwang' cultivar is mainly cultivated during summer in Gangneung area. 'Choongwang' cultivar was harvested in late July, applied with predrying, room cooling, and forced air cooling, and then packaged with/without 0.02 mm HDPE film to estimate the effect of postharvest treatment on quality characteristics (weight loss, trimming loss, firmness, SSC, color index, sensory evaluation) during 8 week storage at $2^{\circ}C$. Kimchi cabbage without 0.02 mm HDPE film showed high weight loss up to 13-20% while those of with liner were significantly lower. Also forced air cooling among the postharvest treatments was effective to reduce both weight loss and trimming loss. Appearance and freshness in sensory evaluation were the important factors in estimating good quality during storage. Liner treatment with forced air cooling showed highly significant for maintaining appearance and freshness ($P{\leq}0.01$). Color index was no differences between with/without 0.02 mm HDPE film and postharvest treatments. After 6 weeks storage in without 0.02 mm HDPE film with room cooling or control appearance was severely damaged and also internal browning was found. While in with 0.02 mm HDPE film internal browning was found after 8 weeks storage, just in room cooling or predrying treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.492-499
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• 2000

This study was investigated to compare the staining resistance of soft denture liners. Specimens were made of Coe-soft, Coe-comfort, Soft-liner, Visco-gel, and were stored in 1% methyleneblue solution for 24 hours. The amounts of color change before and after treatment with mono-poly and thermocycling were measured by colorimeter(TC-6FX, Tokyo Denshoku Co. Ltd, Japan) for evaluation of staining resistance. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. 1. The staining resistance of Visco-gel was increased, but there was no changes of staining resistance in Coe-soft, Coe-comfort, and Soft-liner after treatment with monopoly. 2. The staining resistance of the Coe-comfort was the least in all soft denture liners. 3. The staining resistance of Visco-gel and Soft-liner were decreased after thermocycling.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2007

Abrasive wear between piston ring face and cylinder liner is an extremely unpredictable and hard-to-reproduce phenomenon that significantly decreases engine performance. Wear by abrasion are forms of wear caused by contact between a particle and solid material. Abrasive wear is the loss of material by the passage of hard particles over a surface. From the pin-on-disk test, particle dent test and scuffing test, abrasive wear characteristics of diesel engine cylinder liner-piston ring have been investigated. Pin-on-disk test results indicate that abrasive wear resistance is not simply related to the hardness of materials, but is influenced also by the microstructure, temperature, lubricity and micro- fracture properties. In particle dent test, dent resistance stress decreases with increasing temperature. From the scuffing test by using pin-on-disk tester, scuffing mechanisms for the soft coating and hard coating were proposed and experimentally confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.459-463
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• 2006

For the purpose of developing liner board for water-resistant corrugated board in the cold chain system, several types of base paper for corrugated board were purchased from the market and 6 different boards were produced in the paperboard mill by applying the chemicals on the base paper. Then, water-moisture resistant performance and physical properties of the boards were evaluated and compared each other. The liner board which is dried at high temperature with pressure by the Condebelt showed a superior performance in strength over conventional liner boards. Strength of the board increased by surface chemical treatment up to 60% of compressive strength and 30% of bursting strength. Starch insolubilization with Ammonium-Zirconium -Carbonate and surface coating with a surface size and a moisture resistant chemical on CK paper showed the best result. Therefore, this method was recommended to produce the outer liner board for water -resistant corrugated board.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was intended to investigate the effect of applying liner for chemical bonding and physical surface roughness created on zirconia by using a sandpaper before sintering on the bond strength between the two materials. Methods: Zirconia blocks were cut using a low-speed cutter. Plate-shaped specimen($6mm{\times}6mm{\times}3mm$) was fabricated by sintering after giving surface roughness according to four kinds of sandpapers. Depending on whether or not to use liner, 60 specimens were divided into two groups ZN(non-liner), ZL(liner), and the two groups were subdivided into four groups respectively in accordance with sandpaper used, totaling eight groups (n=10). The surface roughness (Ra) values and shapes before sintering were observed, and shear bond strength after pressing ceramic plasticity was measured with a universal testing machine. For a test of the significance, a one-way ANOVA was performed, and Tukey's multiple comparison test was conducted. Results: The observation of the surface roughness was SB04($2.22{\pm}1.16{\mu}m$), SB08($2.98{\pm}0.33{\mu}m$), SB12($2.44{\pm}1.32{\mu}m$), SB20($2.34{\pm}0.59{\mu}m$) and SA04($2.34{\pm}0.67{\mu}m$), SA08($1.28{\pm}0.90{\mu}m$), SA12($2.03{\pm}1.60{\mu}m$), SA20($2.19{\pm}1.73{\mu}m$). In the case of ZN Group, the shear bond strength was ZN04($23.26{\pm}3.83MPa$), ZN08($21.76{\pm}2.33MPa$), ZN12($20.49{\pm}3.01MPa$), ZN20($24.98{\pm}4.22MPa$)(p<0.05). As for ZL Group, the shear bond strength was ZL04($25.09{\pm}5.67MPa$), ZL08($22.98{\pm}2.26MPa$), ZL12($21.54{\pm}5.70MPa$), ZL20($23.98{\pm}3.23MPa$)(p<0.05). Conclusion: The research results showed that the bond strength of Zirconia core and Pressing ceramic was further improved by physical surface treatment before sintering, rather than by chemical bonding through liner surface treatment.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Purpose: Physical and chemical properties of gold is most suitable to be restored of teeth to its original state. Recently zirconia was used instead of gold because of esthetical and intimacy of human body. Because of high strength and high abrasion resistance of zirconia, all zirconia artificial tooth lead to wear the original tooth of opposite site. To preserve this original tooth, zirconia artificial tooth covered with dental ceramic glass was used. When joining the zirconia core and dental ceramic glass, difference of their thermal expansion coefficient and wetting ability is generated the residual stress at interface lead to crack. In order to solve this problem, intermediate layer what is called zir-liner was imported to decrease the residual stress and increase the bonding strength. Methods: In this study, to identify the optimum conditions for manufacturing process, various methods to rough the surface of zirconia core were adopted, and vary the thickness of interlayer, and analyzed bond strength. Results: Bond strength of sanding specimens group showed higher than that of non-sanding specimens group, and once applied intermediate layer with sanding specimens showed highest bond strength with 28 MPa. SEM photomicrographs of zirconia cores fired at $1500^{\circ}C$ showed parallel straight lines in sanding and pockmarked surface in blasting surfaces as abrasion traces. Observation of the destruction section after shear test by SEM were carried out. Liner applied non-sanding group and non-liner applied sanding group all showed interfacial crack. Sandblasting group with non-liner showed remained dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. Sandblasting group with once applied liner showed partially remained liner and dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. XRD analysis revealed that sandblasting group showed higher monoclinic peaks than other specimens group and this result was due to the high collision energy for stress induced phase transformation. Conclusions: A study on the improvement of bonding strength between zirconia and dental ceramic glass steadily carried out for the future to practical use.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of application of $ZirLiner^{(R)}$ and blasting treatments on shear bond strength of zirconia-veneered porcelain interface. 60 uncolored zirconia plates and 30 colored zirconia plates were fabricated and divided into nine groups of 10 according to blasting treatment such as as-ground, glass blasting and alumina blasting and zirliner application. Veneering porcelains were built up over the center of the treated zirconia ceramic surface using jig and fired according to the manufacturers' instructions. Each specimen was completely embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were placed in a mounting jig and subjected to shear force by a universal testing machine. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5㎜/min until failure. Average shear strengths were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan's post-hoc test. The fracture surfaces of the failed specimens were examined by SEM. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Depending on surface treatment by blasting, the degree of roughness is revealed in the order of Glass-blasted, As-ground, and Alumnia-blasted. The roughness average of uncolored and colored zirconia ceramic were not significantly different from blasting treatments. 2. In uncolored zirconia ceramic, the shear bond strength were not significantly different from blasting treatments. However, the shear bond strength were significantly different from Zirliner application. 3. Used ZirLiner, mean shear bond strength of colored zirconia was lower than uncolored zirconia. Especially, mean shear bond strength of colored zirconia was quite low with alumina-blasting treatment. 4. SEM analysis showed that veneered porcelain failed in zirconia ceramic interface and there was no cohesive failure.