• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.338-343
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the crown form of the upper central incisor and their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Maxillary and mandibular casts of 169 healthy dentitions were subjected to 3D dental scanning, and analyzed using CAD software. The crown forms were divided into tapered, square, and ovoid based on the mesiodistal dimensions at 20% of the crown height to that at 40%. The degree of labial inclination of the upper central incisor was defined as the angle between the occlusal plane and the line connecting the incisal edge and tooth cervix. The incisal edges of the right upper and lower central incisor that in contact with lines parallel to the occlusal plane were used to determine the overbite and overjet. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet among the crown forms. RESULTS. The crown forms were classified into three types; crown forms with a 20%/40% dimension ratio of 1.00±0.01 were defined as square, >1.01 as tapered, and <0.99 as ovoid. The labial inclination degree was the greatest in tapered and the least in square. Both overbite and overjet in tapered and ovoid were higher than those in square. CONCLUSION. Upper central incisor crown forms were related to their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. It was suggested that the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet should be taken into consideration for the prosthetic treatment or restoring the front teeth crowns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

Pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of 58 sites on the ridge of the Baekdudaegan, South Korea were classified by applying the phytosociological method and TWINSPAN. The floristic composition and life-form characteristics of the vegetation types analyzed and documented. The vegetation types were classified into five groups including four groups of Carex humilis var nana type and one group of Abies koreana-Sasa borealis type. Compositae was the most diverse family (26 species), Liliaceae (21 species), Rosaceae (18 species) and Betulaceae (11 species) whereas 27 families were represented by only one species. Taxonomically, Compositae was the most diverse (17 genera), Liliaceae and Rosaceae(12 genera) whereas 41 families were represented by only one genus. The Fagaceae was the most important family in total coverage (19.0) and followed Pinaceae (16.7) and Ericaceae (15.1). Five families such as Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Betulaceae, and Umbelliferae contributed little to total coverage, although represented by numerous species. In the correlation between species richness and life forms, the species richness was highly correlated with growth and disseminule forms. In general, the correlation coefficients between life forms represented lower values than those between species richness and life-forms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2009

This study was investigated on biodiversity and life forms of plants distributed in 28 wetlands on Jeju city, in order to apply wetlands to nature exploration sites for environmental education. The 131 kinds of the plants were found on 28 wetlands. The plant biodiversity was relatively high in Ban pond, Jeongmool, Mosanimool, Dolgaegi pond, Woot pond, and etc. The $5{\sim}6$ life forms of plants, relatively high in variousness to other wet lands, were distributed in Mosanimool, Dolgaegi pond, Woot pond, and Yeonhoa pond as well as Jeongmool and Yongsoo reservoir. The 71 kinds, which correspond to 54.2% of plants observed in this study, were identified as hydrophytes. The $4{\sim}5$ forms of hydrophytes were distributed on 23 wetlands, including Jeongmool, Mosanimool, Yongsoo reservoir, Ban pond, Dolgaegi pond, and etc. In conclusion, 5 wetlands such as Jeongmool, Yongsoo reservoir, Dolgaegi pond, Mosanimool and Woot pond were high in variousness of plant life forms as well as biodiversity of plants. These results suggest that 5 wetlands above could be applied as nature exploration sites. In addition, Korean rare and endangered plants such as Isoetes japonica, Nymphoides coreana, Utricularia japonica and Sparganium stoloniferum in this study need to be conserved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.523-529
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• 2015

Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop a scale for the quality of life in pediatric oncology patients aged 7-12, with child and parents forms. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data, we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Quality of Life Scale, Scale for Quality of Life Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 and the Scale for the Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, the Cronbach alpha coefficient, factor analysis and ROC analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent form was 0.96, the total factor load being 0.54-0.90 and the total variance explained was 82.5%. The cutoff point of the parent form was 93 points. The total Cronbach alpha value for the child form was 0.96, with a total factor load of 0.55-0.91 and the total variance being explained was 78.3%. The cutoff point of the child form was 65 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Scale for Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 Child and Parents Forms are valid and reliable instruments in assessing the quality of life of children.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.456-461
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• 2003

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. ALS is the target site for several classes of herbicides, including sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, and triazolopyrimidines. Two forms of ALS (designated ALS I and ALS II) were separated from barley shoots by heparin affinity column chromatography. The molecular masses of native ALS I and ALS II were determined to be 248 kDa and 238 kDa by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis and activity staining. Similar molecular masses of two forms of ALS were confirmed by a Western blot analysis. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the molecular masses of the ALS I and ALS II subunits were identical - 65 kDa. The two ALS forms exhibited different properties with respect to the values of $K_m$, pI and optimum pH, and sensitivity to inhibition by herbicides sulfonylurea and imidazolinone as well as to the feedback regulation by the end-product amino acids Val, Leu, and Ile. These results, therefore, suggest that the two ALS forms are not different polymeric forms of the same enzyme, but isozymes.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2008

Seedlings of two rice cultivars i.e. cv. Daesanbyeo and cv. Dongjinbyeo were analyzed for growth and endogenous gibberellins (GAs) in response to nitrogen nutrition applied in the forms of $KNO_3$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and $NH_4NO_3$. All the growth parameters showed an increase in N applied treatments and their magnitudes of increase were different depending on different nitrogen fertilizer forms. The endogenous GAs contents were increased with N application but differentially affected by various N-forms in both rice cultivars. In cv. Daesanbyeo, maximum amount of bioactive $GA_1$ was recorded for $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, while maximum amount of bioactive $GA_1$ in cv. Dongjinbyeo was observed in $NH_4NO_3$ applied treatments. In both rice cultivars, $KNO_3$ applied rice plants contained least $GA_1$ contents. Also, $GA_{19}$ was the most abundant GA found in rice seedlings whereas $GA_4$ was absent at seedling stage. Our study indicated that different rice cultivars showed different responses for the same fertilizer depending upon the response potential of each cultivar and the pertinent physiological responses to changes of endogenous GAs in rice cultivars, which were comparatively lesser in magnitude.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.539-544
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• 2011

The relative focus about phosphorus (P) which causes eutrophication characterized by increased growth of undesirable algae has increased in recent years. Phosphorus forms in soil and water include both organic and inorganic forms. There are also a large number of soil P determination methods that have been designed to account for various types of P and mechanisms controlling the chemistry of P in soil, water, and residual materials for environmentally relevant forms of P. However, phosphorus forms in soil, water, and residual materials are also difficult to standardize with any reasonable consensus, due to the number of different disciplines involved. Hence, it is essential to accurately define how P can be measured in soil, water, or residual material samples to avoid potential misinterpretations or inappropriate recommendations in determining amount and types of P. Therefore, we reviewed the testing methods which have appeared in the scientific literature to provide an overview of the soil test P most commonly used.

• IE interfaces
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 1993

This paper studies the economic replacement method for production facilities which requires huge investment but are necessary for higher productivity and competability of products. That is, the general models for the decision of economic life of properties which minimizes the total costs throughout the usage life(Life cycle costs) are generated. Main factors which make influences for the decision of econmic life can be divided by three. These are the change of salvage value, repair and maintenance costs, and availability of production facilities with the passage of usage time. In this paper, the real world data for these three factors are collected and analyzed for the extraction of representative standard forms with the passage of time. And general models for economic replacement methods and optimal usage terms are presented through tables with the combination of the standard forms of these three main factors.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.385-393
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• 2019

Background: The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods: To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and steamed forms, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and pharmacologic effects evaluated by tests of anticoagulation, antioxidation, hemostasis, antiinflammation, and hematopoiesis were combined. Results: With the duration of steaming time, the contents of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_1$, Rd, and notoginsenoside $R_1$ in PN were decreased, while those of ginsenosides $Rh_1$, $20(S)-Rg_3$, $20(R)-Rg_3$, $Rh_4$, and $Rk_3$ were increased gradually. Raw PN samples steamed for 6 h at $120^{\circ}C$ with stable levels of most constituents were used for the subsequent study of bioeffects. Raw PN showed better hemostasis, anticoagulation, and antiinflammation effects, while steamed PN exhibited stronger antioxidation and hematopoiesis activities. For different parts of PN, contents of saponins in PN rhizome were generally higher than those in the root, which could be related to the stronger bioactivities of rhizome compared with the same form of PN root. Conclusion: This study provides basic information about the chemical and bioactive comparison of PN root and rhizome in both raw and steamed forms, indicating that the change of saponins may have a key role in different properties of raw and steamed PN.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of liming on life form and ecological behaviour of stand in low productive grassland with acidified solil at dairy fram in yesan, chungnam province. The inferior plant community of low productive grassland was improved to the most desirable pasture association with herbage of 84% by liming. the life forms of association in low productive grassland were composed of hemicryptophytes of 49.4%, therophytes of 48.2%, geophytes of 2.2% and chamaephytes of 0.2% but by liming their life forms of hemicryptophytes increased greatly by 32.6%, on the other hand geophytes were much more decreased by 33.4%. The ecological behaviour of moisture figure and nitrogen figure were slightly increased and soil reaction figure was gradually decreased in low productive grassland by liming.