• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.192-201
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• 2020

This study commercialization of 5G will enable transformation of university education. This study identifies five attributes (device type, learning place, learning content, learning field and expense payment) and corresponding levels to study the impact of 5G in the future of university education. The attributes and the levels are then combined into few 5G education service alternatives for respondents to rank. 102 students ranked the alternatives based on their preferences and intent to use. Results indicate that the intent to use 5G-based education service was high with 86% and the most important factor was expense payment (37%), followed by learning field (26%), learning content (24%), device type (8%) and learning place (5%). Specifically, students preferred smart device, practical and experiential content, ubiquitous (no limitation of space and time) learning, practical education and free rate when adopting 5G-based education service. These will provide implications to accelerate adoption of and exploitation of 5G for innovating university education.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.286-296
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the relationship between teachers' parcitipation levels in the decision making process and the organizational effectiveness in the middle schools. To achieve this objectives, 559 teachers of 18 middle schools in Busan were involved through a questionaire. The results are as follows: First, teachers consider their participation in decision-making to be low. Second, teachers view the effectiveness of school systems higher than average. Third, the correlation between teachers' participation and the system effectiveness (including job satisfaction, organization adaptability and job achievement) was positively high. When teachers' participation levels were divided into 3 groups - low, middle, and high-, the system effectiveness appeared highest with the high- level participation group. These results suggest the need for teacher participation in decision making to enhance the effectiveness of school systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6239-6241
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• 2014

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting malignancy of pelvic masses which are pre-operatively malignant suspicious. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluated the clinical features of patients with ovarian masses which had pre-operatively been considered suspicious for malignancy. The patients whose intraoperative frozen sections were malign were classified as the study group, while those who had benign masses were the control group. Data recorded were age of the patient, diameter of the mass, pre-operative serum Ca 125 levels, platelet count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio. Results: There was statistically significantly difference between the groups in terms of age, diameter of the mass, serum Ca 125 levels, platelet number and platelet/lymphocyte ratio. Mean neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios showed no difference between the groups. ROC curve analysis showed that age, serum Ca 125 levels, platelet number and PLR were discriminative markers in predicting malignancy in adnexal masses. Conclusions: According to the current study, serum Ca 125 levels, pre-operative platelet number and PLR may be good prognostic factors, while NLR is an ineffective marker in predicting the malignant characteristics of a pelvic mass.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

This study lets you know how semantic network programs called mind tools have an effect on students' learning achievements and learning motives regarded students' cognitive levels. It helps improve the education in the real situation of the classroom. It shows that the class applied by mind tools regarded transitional students' cognitive levels and motive strategies increases students' biologies-learning achievements because it improves students' concentration and confidence efficiently connected with new knowledge by using visual effects. Also, it shows that transitional students' semantic network learning is superior to students' in formal operation stage and it is effective in forming learning contents in the structural organization with students' knowledge.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.24-32
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• 2010

This study deals with the effect of feedback patterns by instructor's social message in the online discussion environments. Based on these research results, it was suggested feedback patterns by instructor's social message should be utilized in order to improve the discussion participation and satisfaction of online discussion environments.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.78-86
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• 2010

This study deals with the effect of academic self-efficacy in the online discussion instruction. Based on these research results, it was suggested academic self-efficacy should be utilized in order to enhance the discussion participation and satisfaction quality of online discussion instruction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2014

Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nuts which are widely chewed by southeast Asian and it manifests various toxic effects in different organs of human and animals. In this work, mature mice were treated by vitamins C plus E, arecoline, or both daily for four weeks. The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues. Additionally, the body weight, testis weight, sperm counts, motility and normal sperms also were significantly decreased. The supplement of vitamins C and E can bring the activities of ALP and GPT to normal levels and partially restore the sperm counts compared to the arecoline-treated group but have no other positive effects. In conclusion, the vitamins C and E partially attenuated the arecoline-induced hepatotoxiciy but basically had on protective effects against the arecoline-induced testicular toxicity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine teachers' stages of concern and levels of use about SW education based on Concerns-Based Adoption Model and to provide implications for teacher education. For this purpose, 152 survey responses were collected from elementary school teachers in South Korea. The result indicated that elementary school teachers' concerns about SW education showed the nonuser pattern in that teachers score highest in stage 0(awareness) to stage 2(personal) and in stage 6(refocusing). Additionally, teachers who are currently implementing SW education showed a tendency to be in the level of mechanical use or routine, and more than half of the teachers who are not implementing SW education showed no motivation to change current practices. There were statistically significant differences in the stages of concern depending on gender, teaching experience, SW training experience, SW teaching experience, and there were differences in the levels of use depending on the teachers' grade level in charge, SW training experience, and SW teaching experience. Based on the results of the research, various SW related programs as well as successful SW education experience for teachers need to be provided for teacher education in order to promote SW education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2005

In this study the effects of science teaming with the level of inquiry requirement in elementary school science experiment instruction were investigated on cognitive domain. We assigned seventy-three students of the fifth grade into two groups according to the levels of inquiry requirement. After each instruction was implemented, the characteristics of the students' tearning science on cognitive domain were compared and analyzed with the levels of them. The higher level (HL) inquiry-required instruction was more effective in increasing and maintaining the memory on the science teaming than the lower level (LL). Especially, in the aspects of the experimental methods and taking cares which the students engage and perform actively rather than do passively, the memory scores of HL group were higher than those of LL. In addition, the memory scores and the degree of maintenance were higher among students who perceived the instruction as easy and interesting. In conclusion, the HL of instruction could stimulate the students to challenge the problems, thereby make them construct meaning actively and improve the amount and degree of maintenance of memory on science teaming.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 2014

In this study, the readability of the texts in the third and the sixth grade science textbooks developed under the 2007 revised science curriculum were analyzed in terms of word and sentence units. In the word unit analyses, the levels of the words in the texts were classified into four categories, 1st to 4th levels. In the sentence unit analyses, the sentences in the texts were classified either a simple sentence or compound/complex sentences, and the average length of the sentences was also calculated. The results indicated that more than 90 percents of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were classified as the 1st to the 3rd levels. However, both the kinds and the frequencies of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. In particular, it was found that the increasement in the 3rd grade science textbook was noticeable. The ratio of the compound/complex sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. The average length of the sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks was also increased.