• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is, to analyze the relationship between level of clothing involvement and use of information sources. Data was obtained from 130 middle-elderly women living in Chonju, Iri. And it was analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, ANOVA, $\chi$2-testk. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Groups were divided into high and low involvement according to involvement level. 2) The higher was clothing involvement, the lower was age, the higher was education, and the more was income. 3) The higher was clothing involvement, the higher was use df information sources. Groups used mostly information sources by personal media or observation, experience. 4) The high income group used impersonal information source, the low income group used mostly personal information source.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2002

We present a method to improve encryption level by use of a rotational term in the double random-phase-mask(RPM) encryption system. Encrypted optical images are recorded in a photorefractive LiNbO$_3$:Fe crystal and reconstructed by using a phase conjugated reading beam. The encryption level for the analog image is analyzed by use of visibility function.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of MNEs' characteristics on the use of foreign currency denominated debt in the context of Korean firms. This study examines the relationship between MNEs and the use of foreign debt focusing on the accessibility to the capital market in addition to the motive of hedging against foreign exchange exposure. Research design and methodology - Probit estimation is employed for estimating significant factors in determination of the use of foreign debt by firms. The dependent variable is a dummy variable to indicate whether a firm uses foreign debt or not at the end of 2004. Independent variables include foreign subsidiaries ratio, export to sale, R&D expenditure to sale, and credit rating. Results - The results show that the interaction between the level of internationalization represented by intra-regional diversification and the strategic characteristics embedded in the region of entry affects the use of foreign debt. In case of a high level of diversification within the developing region with a strong pursuit of asset exploitation, MNEs are more likely to use foreign debt, whereas a high level of diversification within the developed region with a strong pursuit of asset seeking, MNEs are less likely to use foreign debt. Conclusions - The differences between MNEs in terms of intra-regional diversification, strategic orientation, and the accessibility to capital markets as well as the hedging motive affect the use of foreign debt.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to explore amount of time use for house work, leisure and extracurricular lesson used by adolescents and to explain its influencing factors. Tobit model was used to analyze the factors of time use because amount of time use was a limited continuous variable. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Amount of time used for house work per day by adolescents was found to be 36min. for weekdays and 64 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for passive leisure per day by adolescents was found to be 203min. for weekdays and 375 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for active leisure per day by adolescents was found to be 74 min. for weekdays and 194 min. for holidays. Amount of time used for extracurricular lesson per day by adolescents was found to be 96min. for weekdays and 36 min. for holidays. 2) Time use for house work was found to be significantly influenced by education status, education level of mother, job status of mother for weekdays and gender, education level of mother, job status of mother, household income for holidays. Time use for passive leisure was found to be significantly influenced by education status, small children at home for weekdays and gender, education status for holidays. Time use for active leisure was found to be significantly influenced by gender, education status for holidays, while there was no influencing factors for weekdays. Finally, time use for extracurricular lesson was found to be significantly influenced by gender, education status, household income for weekdays, and age, education level of mother for holidays.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2004

In order to classify the groundwater recharge characteristics in an urban area, a time series analysis of groundwater level data was performed. For this study, the daily groundwater level data from 35 monitoring wells were collected for 3 years (Fig. 1). The use of the cross-correlation function (CCF), one of the time series analysis, showed both the close relationship between rainfall and groundwater level change and the lag time (delay time) of groundwater level fluctuation after a rainfall event. Based on the result of CCF, monitored wells were classified into two major groups. Group I wells (n=10) showed a fast response of groundwater level change to rainfall event, with a delay time of maximum correlation between rainfall and groundwater level near 1 to 7 days. On the other hand, the delay time of 17-68 days was observed from Group II wells (n=25) (Fig. 1). The fast response in Group I wells is possibly caused by the change of hydraulic pressure of bedrock aquifer due to the rainfall recharge, rather than the direct response to rainfall recharge.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2011

Many Koreans have been interested in health functional foods(HHFs). Use of health functional foods is growing rapidly. This study aims to identify the determinants of HFFs use focusing on health related factors. The subjects were 24,626 samples from Korea Health Panel in 2008. The subjects were divided into two group: under the 20 years old and 20 old and over. The logistic regression model was used to examine influence of health-related factors on use of HFFs for each group. About thirty percent of the subjects have used HFFs. The larger family size, higher education level of parents, more stable economic status and chronic diseases were positively related to use more HFFs in younger 20 years old. Higher education level, more stable economic status, chronic diseases were more likely to use HFFs in 20 years of age and over. Health related factors such as disability, chronic diseases, admission, and physician visit affect the use of HFFs in both groups. We confirmed that health related factors as well as socio-demographic and economic factors affect use of HFFs. In-depth knowledge about relationship between health related factors and HFFs is required.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of low level laser. Methods : We searched 11 electronic databases(Pubmed, CAJ, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, KMBASE, KISS, KISTI, NDSL, RISS, Oasis) up to March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) using low level laser for alopecia. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results : 8 RCT studies were eligible in our review. The meta-analysis of 2 studies showed favorable results for the use of low level laser with minoxidil 5% than minoxidil 5% and 6 studies showed favorable results for the use of low level laser than placebo light. The results of meta-analysis showed that low-level laser has an efficacy on alopecia. There were no serious side effects or adverse effects. High risk of bias were observed in all studies. Conclusion : Now limited evidence is available to support low level laser for alopecia and further well-designed RCTs should be encouraged.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.714-720
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose the use of data-driven probabilistic utterance-level decision logic to improve Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST)-based endpoint detection. In general, endpoint detection is dealt with using two cascaded decision processes. The first process is frame-level speech/non-speech classification based on statistical hypothesis testing, and the second process is a heuristic-knowledge-based utterance-level speech boundary decision. To handle these two processes within a unified framework, we propose a WFST-based approach. However, a WFST-based approach has the same limitations as conventional approaches in that the utterance-level decision is based on heuristic knowledge and the decision parameters are tuned sequentially. Therefore, to obtain decision knowledge from a speech corpus and optimize the parameters at the same time, we propose the use of data-driven probabilistic utterance-level decision logic. The proposed method reduces the average detection failure rate by about 14% for various noisy-speech corpora collected for an endpoint detection evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2015

Purpose Quality control used in laboratory help to sustain precision and accuracy consistently to ensure the Diagnostic and treatment for medical employee. To perform an evaluation in statistical manner, it is recommended to use different quality control material than calibrator from manufacturer, quality control material must include analyzed concentration perimeter, must use more than two different concentration materials and recommended to use materials to indicate the concentration in clinical use. However, currently used quality control material has limit of evaluation due to unconsidered concentration or improperly used to get clinical importance data. Therefore, we compared the value of quality control, DIACON Hormone Level 1, 2, 3 (Scantibodies, USA) and DIACON Tumor Level 1, 2, 3 which applied to clinical concentration range. Materials and Methods DIACON Hormone Level 1, 2, 3 (Scantibodies, USA) and DIACON Tumor Level 1, 2, 3 (Scantibodies, USA) that used materials and methods test to compare the result from five RIA testing institution and one institution that used Elecsys (ROCHE) and Architect (ABOTT) for each level. The reagent RIA kit that used in this experiment is followed by Table 2 and 3. Test has performed by instruction itself and follow by instruction. Results Among DIACON hormone result of twenty four items, level 1 have three items, level 2 have four items and level 3 have five items were out of manufacturer set up range based on the average value. Among DIACON tumor result of thirteen items, level 1 have three items, level 2 have four items and level 3 have five items were out of manufacturer set up range. Other result were inside of manufacturer range. Conclusion For quality control material, it is widely available in market, but it is limited for normal range which is only concerned in improper clinical value and difficult to evaluate important concentration area in terms of clinical analyze. In this experiment, we evaluate Hormone twenty three items and Tumor thirteen items with DIACON Hormone and Tumor (Scantibodies, USA) to resolve this limit and we could observe that it ca be substituted and used.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.187-215
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• 2011

This study examined the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol use based on the tension reduction hypothesis and the intoxication hypothesis considering for path of depressive symptoms on alcohol use and vice versa simultaneously. And this study examined the effect of psychosocial behavior factors (i.e. smoking level, self-esteem, satisfaction with family relationships, and satisfaction with social relationships) on depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Using the data on the Korea Welfare Panel Study for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years, this study were estimated using the Latent Growth Curve Model which is helpful for examining differences between the two. The results are as follows: the initial level of alcohol use had a positive impact on the rate of change in depressive symptoms, thereby supporting the intoxication hypothesis. Second, self-esteem and satisfaction with family relationships act as variables with the biggest effect on the initial level and the rate of change in depressive symptoms, whereas other psychosocial behavior factors such as smoking level and satisfaction with social relationship exert the largest influence over the initial level and the rate of change in alcohol use. This study has implications in that it clarified the confused relationship mechanism between alcohol use and depressive symptoms the two. Based on the finding of the study, political and practical implications were discussed.