• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

Sex education in the U.K. follows an ideal model, co-operation where ever possible between homes, schools, and communities, whereas in Korea schools are mostly responsible for sex education. Moreover, Central Government and LEAs are deeply involved in school sex education in the U.K., in contrast, the concrete help at Government level is very limited in Korea though the necessity of sex education is acknowledged. These differences be accounted for by the different social and cultural backgrounds of the two countries, especially given the different thoughts of the people-oriental and occidental-. In the U.K., sex education has been a compulsory subject in secondary schools since 1994 (by the Education Act 1993), and it is well managed with the support at Government level as compared with that of Korea. Sex education in the U.K. may give some lessons for practising and developing sex education in Korea because the people in both countries have similarly conservative thinking about school sex education and it is implemented very carefully in the U.K.. In this article, a general comparison of background, policy, aims, content, management, teacher training, and materials of sex education between the two countries is made.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2014

Uniform brightness is very crucial for LCD panels, which should be made in during manufacturing. Usually some compensating algorithms are applied to recover the brightness deviation that occurs in actual panels. Although such remedying tools are used, it is very hard to prevent horizontal or vertical crosstalks that represent the brightness level difference in horizontal or vertical direction. This research applied transformability Taguchi dynamic characteristics and "nominal is best" static characteristic simultaneously to design the compensating circuit optimally that may reduce the crosstalks and make uniform brightness level.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.101-117
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• 2010

This study examines whether English users at a U.S. university apply avoidance strategy in using English articles. All participants had learned English for at least 10 years and had used English for at least 15 years at the time of the data collection, so they made an ideal sample to examine the differences between native speakers of English and non-native speakers of English, in terms of avoidance strategy usage of English articles. To examine whether non-native speakers avoid using a certain feature when unsure of the correct usage, the mean differences of each article usage between NS and NNS groups were calculated and compared. On the basis of results showing that there are no statistically significant differences in terms of article usage between the groups, it is concluded that the highly advanced level participants did not use avoidance strategy in English articles, and that the type of English article and the task type did not affect learners' avoidance strategy usage. This research is expected to provide teachers and researchers with information about highly advanced level L2 language speakers' usage patterns with regards to avoidance strategy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.28.1-28.8
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• 2017

Background: Major amino acids in pig diets are Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, but little is known about the requirements for the other essential amino acids, especially on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics in feces of growing-finishing pigs. To this end, different levels of amino acid composition added to diets to investigate the effects of amino acid composition on microbial characteristics and odorous compounds concentration. Methods: A total eight (n = 8) barrows (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average bodyweight of $89.38{\pm}3.3kg$ were individually fed diets formulated by Korean Feeding Standards 2007 (old version) or 2012 (updated with ideal protein concept) in metabolism crates with two replication. After 15-day adaptation period, fresh faecal samples were collected directly from pigs every week for 4 weeks and analysed for total volatile fatty acids (VFA), phenols and indoles by using gas chromatography. The nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl method. Bacterial communities were detected by using a 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing system. Results: Level of VFA tended to be greater in 2012 than 2007 group. Among VFAs, 2012 group had greater (p < 0.05) level of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) than control.Concentration of odorous compounds in feces was also affected by amino acid composition in pig diet. Levels of ammonium and indoles tended to be higher in 2012 group when compared with 2007 group.Concentration of phenols, p-cresol, biochemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, however, were lower (P < 0.05) in 2012 treatment group compare to 2007. The proportion of Firmicute phylum were decreased, while the Bacteriodetes phylum proportion increased and bacterial genera includingCoprococcus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides increased (p < 0.05) in 2012 compare to 2007 group. Conclusion: Results from our current study indicates that well balanced amino acid composition reduces odor by modulating the gut microbial community. Administration of pig diet formulated with the ideal protein concept may help improve gut fermentation as well as reduce the odor causing compounds in pig manure.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 1975

고추의 성장(成長)과 주요(主要) 성분(成分)의 함량(含量)에 미치는 cation의 영향을 조사(調査)코저 배양액내(培養液內)의 $K^+,\;Ca^{++},\;Mg^+$의 조성(組成)을 달리하여 재배(栽培) 실험(實驗)을 행(行)하고, 이 결과(結果)를 systemic variation Method 중(中) binary interaction방정식(方程式)에 적용(適用)시켜 이상(理想) 조건(條件)을 추구(追求)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 성장(成長) 이상(理想) 조건(條件) 중(中) 초장(草長)은 CKa group에서 $57%\;K^++43%\;Ca^{++}$, KMg group에서 $58.5%\;K^++41.5%\;Mg^+$가 최적조건(最適條件) 이었으며, 마디수에서는 $59.0%K^++41%Ca^{++},\;60%\;K^++40%\;Mg$이었다. 2. 수확량(收穫量)을 최대(最大)로 하기 위한 이상조건(理想條件)은 $60%K^++40%Ca^{++},\;62%K^++38%\;Mg^{++}$이었으며 완숙과(完熟果)에 대(對)하여서는 $57.0%\;K^++43.0%\;Ca^{++},\;63.0%K^++37.0%\;Mg^{++}$이었다. 3. 각(各) 처리별(處理別) free sugar와 capsaicin의 함량(含量)은 유의성이 없었다. 4. 각(各) 처리별(處理別) nitrogen level은 거의 일정치(一定値)를 유지하였으나 Fe/Mn의 값은 $2{\sim}3$을 유지하였다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제41호
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• pp.9-38
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• 2014

한훤당 김굉필(1454~1504)은 고려 말엽 정몽주가 단서를 열어놓은 도학을 하나의 학문 경향으로 승화시켰다. 김굉필은 '조선도학의 시조'로 일컬어졌으며, 이후 4백여 년 동안 도학자의 전형으로 받들어졌다. 김굉필이 씨를 뿌린 도학은 학문과 정치의 기준이 되었다. 조선의 선비들은 김굉필을 본받아 "소학"을 통해 근기(根基)를 배양하였고, 그 기운은 선비의 원기(元氣), 나아가 국가의 원기로 승화하여 국맥(國脈)을 유지하는 원동력이 되었다. 김굉필은 "소학"으로 학문 하는 방법을 제시하였고, "소학"에서 요구하는 강한 실천성을 바탕으로 도덕적 인간, 도덕적 이상사회를 추구하였다. 개인의 수양과 사회 개혁은 서로 다른 차원의 것이 아니다. 김굉필이 몸으로 보인 '자기 수양(律己)'의 정신은 조광조(趙光祖)의 단계에 이르러 도학적 이상국가의 추구로 발전하였다. 김굉필은 '경(敬)'을 통해 "소학"의 가르침을 달성할 수 있다고 보았다. '경'이라는 수양 방법을 통해 마음을 다스리는 것은 조선 성리학의 요체다. 김굉필은 조선의 유학을 '심학(心學)'으로 자리매김하였다. 김굉필 이전에는 심학의 모습을 제대로 선보인 학자가 없었다. 명종 선조 시기 이후로 조선의 유학은 심학으로 정초되어 갔다. 17세기 중엽 이후에는 '경'을 중심으로 한 심학 체계가 공고하게 구축되었다. 김굉필의 문인과 그들이 양성한 학인들은 16세기 중반 이후, 조선의 학계 정계를 이끌었다. 이들은 선조 즉위 이후 사림파(士林派) 집권의 주인공들이었다. 조선을 도덕적 이상국가로 승화시키고 '사림의 나라'로 만든 그 기초는 사실상 김굉필이 놓았다고 할 수 있다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제20권
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• pp.223-272
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• 2009

Both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have strong aspirations for establishing a world comprised of human-beings. In other words, Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy put human-beings in the place of 'subject character(主語的 人格)' instead of 'predicate character(述語的 人格).' This is because a human is the master rather than a guest of the universe and the world. In this regard, it is safe to say that both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have a common goal of reaching 'an infinitely open life managed by a human-being, the master.' Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy also share the idea that everything in the universe is an organistic world that is closely connected, like a network. In this aspect, the two philosophies consider the whole world rather than the individual, and seek ways for people to live together actively while expanding the scope of community to the world. Even if 'the morality of living together (相生)' and 'the realization of mercy(同體大悲)' are completely different languages on the surface, it is not difficult to understand the homogeneity inherent in such expressions. Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy show endless reliability towards all humans and are declarative and reasonable, but both herald human beings as eligible to become the main characters of the future world and lead to the birth of independent human beings while inducing them to the highest position in the universe by liberating humans from the limitations they find. 'Heaven on Earth' as stated in Daesoon philosophy refers to an ideal society where humans and God harmonize, and God and humans complement each other. Also, the world will achieve political stability and equality, realizing an economically prosperous world. Furthermore, social justice will be realized and cultural and religious conflicts resolved. As humans acknowledge there is a way to live together in a universal nature, the environmental issue no longer becomes the top priority for human beings and a world where the morals of human beings reach the highest level will be established. From the original Buddhist perspective, King Jeonrhyun, the proxy of Buddha, realizes the ideal of Buddhism in the mundane world. The world controlled by King Jeonrhyun can be described as having liberty, equality, peace, justice, prosperity, morality, order, legality, democracy, welfare, etc. Therefore, the ideal Buddhist world is materially prosperous, physically healthy and socially just, as well as a world where moral maturity and mental freedom are achieved.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2011

In practical design process, designer needs to find an optimal solution by using full factorial discrete combination, rather than by using optimization algorithm considering continuous design variables. So, ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) based on an orthogonal array, i.e. Taguchi method, has been widely used in most parts of industry area. However, the Taguchi method is limited for the shape optimization by using CAE, because the multi-level and multi-objective optimization can't be carried out simultaneously. In this study, a combined method was proposed taking into account of multi-level computational orthogonal array and TOPSIS(Technique for Order preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), which is known as a classical method of multiple attribute decision making and enables to solve various decision making or selection problems in an aspect of multi-objective optimization. The proposed method was applied to a case study of the multi-level shape optimization of lower arm used to automobile parts, and the design space was explored via an efficient application of the related CAE tools. The multi-level shape optimization was performed sequentially by applying both of the neural network model generated from seven-level four-factor computational orthogonal array and the TOPSIS. The weight and maximum stress of the lower arm, as the objective functions for the multi-level shape optimization, showed an improvement of 0.07% and 17.89%, respectively. In addition, the number of CAE carried out for the shape optimization was only 55 times in comparison to full factorial method necessary to 2,401 times.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

In this paper, it is to identify the effects of differences in interpretation levels depending on the type of brand association and the brain psychological distance on the evaluation of the product of that brand through two experiments. To test our hypotheses empirically, we conducted online survey. We addressed the hypotheses involving the general and relative impact of actual and ideal self-congruence on emotional brand attachment (H1) and explored the effect of product involvement as the moderating variable (H1-1 and H1-2). The goal of this research was to validate the results from involving our basic model and to explore the impact of two additional moderating variables (self-esteem and public self-consciousness: H2). We followed the same procedure. This finding is theoretical to the extent of the interpretation level theory in brand association research by applying the interpretation level theory to the brand association, and provides the meaning that, in practice, it is necessary to utilize the message of different types of brain psychological distance depending on the brand association characteristics that the brand has in defining the brand. In particular, it was confirmed that functional brand associations and symbolic brand annals have representational harmonization, respectively, depending on the low and high levels of interpretation levels.

• 복식
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• 제33권
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• pp.27-39
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to classify the attributes of brand image criteria of women's shoes to compose the perceptual map of the brand by factor analysis and to examine the differences in brand preferences and purchase methods of shoes according to demographic variables. 10 brand names were selected for the study Samples were 271 women in Seoul Korea :143 were college students and 128 were career women.The data were analyzed using factor analy-sis multiple regression analysis one-way ANOVA Duncan's multiple range test x2-test t-test. The results of the study were the -followings: 1. Four segments of brand image attributes of women's shoes derived by factor analysis: F. 1. 'utility' F.2'appearance' ; F. 3 'sales promotion' ; F.4 'financial factor'. 2. As the result of draw up the perceptual map 'landrover' was high in utility but low in appearance 'Misope' and 'Mook' was low in utility but high in appearance. 'Fashion Leader' was in the nearest ideal direction to the utility and appearance. 3. The preference level of the shoes brand name was in order of the 'Fashion Leader'. 'Mook' and 'Soda' But consumers possessed 'Landrover' the most 4. There were significant differences among preference level of ' Landrover' and 'Misope' according to the social class. There were sig-nificant differences among possession level of 'Misope' and 'Soda' according to the social class 5. the middle and lower class consumers used an exchange ticket during the bargain sales more than upper class when they pur-chase shoes.