• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 조위변화에 따른 오탁방지막 계류라인의 거동을 조사하였다. 거동분석으로부터 안전율을 고려하여 팽팽하게 적정케이블의 길이를 정하면 수심이 하강하더라도 긴장측 케이블은 거의 일정한 장력을 유지하는 것을 알 수 있었다 그러나, 이완케이블의 기능은 상실되어 구조체 전체의 불안정성을 초래할 수도 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 초기 직선긴장각이 계류거동에 미치는 영향을 조사해봄으로써 케이블 장력, 수중부상길이 케이블길이(재료량과 관계 있음)및 부체변위 등을 복합 고려하면서 계류 해석하여야만 적정한 설계를 할 필요가 있을 것으로 보였으며, 막체의 부착물로 인한 케이블의 장력은 줄어들어 재료손상은 일으키지 않으나 저면 앵글, Total scope 및 부체변위에 영향을 미쳐 구조물 전체의 불안정성을 초래할 수 있다는 것도 알 수 있었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.481-498
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse the subject organization and teaching units of middle school science curriculums and science textbooks, by studying the organization of subject matter and content scope and level of middle school science subject in South and North Korea. As a result of this study, the composition, scope, and level of content between middle school science textbooks in South and North Korea were similar. However, the study found that science education objectives, separated science curriculum subject organization, economical efficiency weighted format and organization of science subject matter, result-centered experiments, the enlightenment of Kim Ilsung and his son in North Korea science education were very far from the desirable direction of science education. Therefore, the view on level-based curriculum and organization of the science curriculum should be integrated, and preparation of student-centered organization of textbooks and expansion of science-technology-society content is needed before unification. And also, the united Korea science curriculum shouldn't simply compromise or neutralize between middle school science curriculum in South and North Korea. They should make a future-oriented plan for information and globalism society.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.241-272
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to examine the analytic-assembling(faceted analysis) methods applied in enumerative-hierarchical classification schemes. (mainly in KDC) The methods are summarized as follows : 1. For the enumerative-hierarchical classification schemes, in principle the subjects are divided into subdivisions by only one facet at the same level, and step by step. However some subjects, for example 'library and information science' 'education' and others in KDC, are divided into subdivisions by multiple facets at same level like Colon Classification. 2. Most of enumerative-hierarchical classification schemes have various kinds of auxiliary tables, such as standard subdivisions, areas, periods, and languages. Each of them is considered as foci by a facet applied to subdivide all kinds of subjects or some special subjects into lower level. 3. To classify the compound subjects with phase relation, KDC provides ready-made classification numbers or notes that says 'divide by 001-999'(whole subjects) of 'divide by xxx-xxx'(limited scope of subjects). The ready-made compound subjects, or subdividing by whole or limited scope of subjects are similar to representation of phase relation in Colon Classification. Yet these analytic-assembling methods in KDC are needed to be supplemented and amended. Subdividing methods for faceted analysis have to be unified through the whole schedule. The auxiliary tables should be enlarged and subdivided more specifically. And for representation of phase relation, the linking signs can be useful in KDC as well as UDC and other analytic-assembling classification schemes like Colon Classification.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 1987

Nowadays natural resources on shore have been almost exhausted all over the world and mankind is beginning searching for unexploited resources on the bed of deep-sea floor. In exploring mineral resources and etc. in the ground of sea-bed, a sumbersible craft is one of the most important tools. These days, the stage of the technique of building and operating an exploring submersible craft is almost alike that of building and operating an airplane in the first years of the nineteen-twenties. At the present time, the problems arising in building and operating a submersible craft can be divided into four parts as follows; 1. How to build a hull that can bear high pressure under deep sea level. 2. How to decide the necessary facilities to be put on it. 3. How to decide the scope of stabilities and maneuvering characteristics of it. 4. On what sea conditions, the devices of launching and recovering it should be designed on the mother-ship. In this paper treating one of the third problems the author made a mathematic formula that can be useful in deciding the scope of dynamic course stability on the vertical plane and actually calculated the onset speed of pitch instability of an exploring craft. With the above mentioned calculations the author demonstrated that the value of $Z_g$ and the speed of a submerged craft are the most important factors in decideing the scope of dynamic stability on the vertical plane.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.299-314
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to review integrated assessment studies conducted to address the impacts of climate change sea-level rise on agricultural sector and to derive suggestions for improving the integrated assessment process to assist decision-makers in establishing climate change adaptation policy. We collect integrated assessment studies which are based on the impact-pathway analysis, compare their step-by-step procedures and identify main factors addressed in each step. The assessment process is typically carried out in the sequence of scenario development, determination of assessment scope, physical impact assessment, economic analysis and synthesis of the outcomes from each step. We identify two types of integrated assessment. The first one examines the impacts of changes in temperature and/or precipitation on the crop-cultivation patterns and/or agricultural productivity and resulting economic effects on agricultural sector. The other investigates the impacts of sea-level rise on land use/coverage and resulting economic damages in terms of land-value loss where the effects on agriculture is treated as one sector among others. To enhance integrated assessment, we suggest that 1) scenarios need to incorporate the effects of climate change and sea-level rise simultaneously, 2) scope of the assessment needs to be extended to include ecosystem services as well as crop production, 3) social and cultural aspects need to be considered in addition to economic analysis, and 4) synthesis of the outcomes from each step should be able to combine quantitative as well as qualitative information.

• 경영과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1998

This paper reports on a contingency framework for selecting the most appropriate strategy to implement the enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) system in an organization. The two dimensions of our framework are information technology level and culture level of organization. For each of the four contingencies, we recommend a desirable implementation strategy, based on scope and pace of the implementation effort. ERP implementation data from ten organizations were analyzed to validate the proposed framework.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.351-364
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• 1996

This study aimed at identifying the organization of contents, the level and scope, the time of study and experiment acivities in science text books by comparing and analizing the characteristics of the Elementary School Educational Curriculum in Korea, China and Japan. First, the objectives of science subject are focussed on understanding nature exactly, learning inquiry methods and developping scientific attitudes. This is very desirable in the lights of teaching students' characteristics. Second, three countries, Korea, China and japan treat the natural phenomena impartially in the formation of the contents of natural science. Especially, china threats scientic contents related to the real life themes importantly. Third, the number of concepts and pages of the natural science textbook are put in Korea. China and Japan in order. Time of study and the level scope of contents in natural science should be composed of desirable national situations. Forth, the time of experiment activities is put in Korea, Japan and china also in order.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.294-295
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• 2018

Nowadays, the construction industry utilizes 3D models in the designing process, on which research is being conducted to establish an automated system for project cost estimation in connection with information related to construction such as material unit costs and wages, beyond the level of design interference review and construction quantity estimation. In this process, the project cost is estimated in connection with unit price data after takeoff the quantity based on the 3D model attributes and data types. A way to reduce cost and risk would be first developing prototypes of some of essential buildings and works, comparing and validating the outcomes, and then extending to the whole scope, because estimates differ on the basis of the scope and level of 3D design models as well as the data accuracy. This study analyzes case studies of project cost estimation by computing the quantity on the basis of 3D model in the construction industry and explores methodologies and management measures applicable for estimating nuclear power plant construction project costs.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.683-696
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• 2022

Dams are inevitably planned to be built on thick overburden with high permeability and deformability. The connection part between concrete cut-off wall in overburden and earth core in dam body is not only a key part of the anti-seepage system, but also a weak position. Large uneven settlement will be aroused at the concoction part. However, the interaction behavior and the scope of the connection part cannot be determined effectively. In this paper, numerical analysis of a high earth core dam built on thick overburden was carried out with large deformation FE method. The mechanical behavior of the connection part was detail studied. It can be drawn that there is little differences in dam integral deformation for different analysis method, but big differences were found at the connection part. The large deformation analysis method can reasonably describe the process that concrete wall penetrates into soil. The high plasticity clay has stronger ability to adapt to large uneven deformation which can reduce stress level, and stress state of concrete wall is also improved. The scope of high plasticity clay zone in the connection part can be determined according to stress level of soils and penetration depth of concrete wall.