• 융합경영연구
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes advanced cases of overseas smart cities and examines policy implications related to the creation of smart cities in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology: Analysis standards were established through the analysis of best practices. Analysis criteria include Technology, Privacy, Security, and Governance. Results: In terms of technology, U-City construction experience and communication infrastructure are strengths. Korea's ICT technology is inferior to major countries. On the other hand, mobile communication, IoT, Internet, and public data are at the highest level. The privacy section created six principles: legality, purpose limitation, transparency, safety, control, and accountability. Security issues enable urban crime, disaster and catastrophe prediction and security through the establishment of an integrated platform. Governance issues are handled by the Smart Special Committee, which serves as policy advisory to the central government for legal system, standardization, and external cooperation in the district. Conclusions: Private technology improvement and participation are necessary for privacy and urban security. Citizens should participate in smart city governance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2021

Monte-Carlo GO is a computer GO program that is sufficiently competent without using knowledge expressions of IGO. Although it is computationally intensive, the computational complexity can be reduced by properly pruning the IGO game tree. Here, I achieve this by using a potential model based on the knowledge expressions of IGO. The potential model treats GO stones as potentials. A specific potential distribution on the GO board results from a unique arrangement of stones on the board. Pruning using the potential model categorizes legal moves into effective and ineffective moves in accordance with the potential threshold. Here, certain pruning strategies based on potentials and potential gradients are experimentally evaluated. For different-sized boards, including an official-sized board, the effects of pruning strategies are evaluated in terms of their robustness. I successfully demonstrate pruning using a potential model to reduce the computational complexity of GO as well as the robustness of this effect across different-sized boards.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2023

For centuries in the Christian era in the West, rhetoric was considered to be a pagan art, one unnecessary for, and detrimental to, religious propagation. As the Christian era gave way to a scientific one during the Enlightenment, both rhetoric and religion were considered irrational and outside the scope of Cartesian certainty. In recent decades, though, rhetorical studies have regained status in universities and rhetorical studies of religion have proliferated. Much work remains to be done, however. For example, Western rhetorical models do not typically consider religious tenets or creeds in terms of what this article will call rhetorical relationality, because creeds and tenets of Western Christianity tend to be purely exhortative. In the West, then, we lack a framework for such an analysis, but with the Four Tenets of Daesoon Jinrihoe, we are presented with Tenets that can, in fact, be analyzed relationally. In order to analyze them as such, this article draws upon philosophical, legal, and rhetorical frameworks developed by major twentieth- century rhetorician Chaim Perelman to understand the primary concern of mutuality expressed in contemporary rhetorical relationality.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2023

It is very important to evaluate how the functions of products, facilities, and spaces affect human life. The evaluation of these actions has legal regulations such as certification, inspection, and diagnosis, and the degree of quality, safety, and excellence of the results is announced. This study sought to secure safety through efficient system operation by reviewing safety-related certification systems established and implemented by each government department in Korea and analyzing the characteristics of each system and similarities between systems. There was also an aspect of cross-checking safety through the certification and diagnosis system implemented by each ministry, but it was confirmed that the efficiency of the system should also be considered in terms of overlapping application. Therefore, when securing safety is confirmed based on each safety-related law, active alternatives such as exemption, substitution, delegation, etc. should be presented.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.5
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• 2024

The surveillance and epidemiological investigation systems for companion animals in South Korea are significantly underdeveloped compared to those for humans and livestock. Recent outbreaks, such as idiopathic neuromuscular syndrome and highly pathogenic avian influenza among cats, have highlighted the need for reliable systems. This short review conducts situation analysis regarding disease surveillance and epidemiological investigation for companion animals in South Korea. The current challenges include an absence of administrative leadership, a lack of legal support, and unreliable medical data. The recommendations for future directions include clear leadership by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, amending the Act on the Prevention of Contagious Animal Diseases to include companion animals, and enhancing the quality of medical data through standardized coding systems, such as Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms. In addition, sentinel surveillance rather than universal systems should be established to provide adequate incentives for local practitioners to provide data and develop sustainable public-private networks. These recommendations could be important for developing a comprehensive and sustainable system for disease surveillance and epidemiological investigation in the companion animal field.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

중국은 세계에서 가장 큰 전자상거래 시장으로서 중국 온라인 소매시장은 미국보다 약 40% 크며, 양국은 전세계 전자상거래 시장의 55% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 한 중 FTA는 한중 양국의 상품, 서비스의 전자상거래 확대와 국가간 전자상거래 활동을 촉진시킬 것이다. 한국산 소비재는 기술과 품질 측면에서 중국시장에서 경쟁우위를 가지고 있기 때문에 FTA 혜택을 향유할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한 중 FTA 전자상거래 협정문의 주요쟁점을 검토하고 이를 바탕으로 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위한 활용과제에 대해 문헌연구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위해서는 한 중 FTA 전자상거래 협정의 후속협상에 대한 준비와 전자적 전송물의 분류에 대한 대비를 하여야 한다. 그리고 전자인증과 전자서명에 있어 양국의 상호인정이 필요하며, 전자상거래 분쟁해결을 위한 제도의 마련과 한국 상품의 전자상거래 수출확대를 위한 전략의 수립 등이 필요하다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.183-203
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• 2001

To accomplish international electronic commerce via the Internet, the most serious dilemma is the international payment system. The BBL is a secure and effective electronic commerce framework for the replacement of traditional paper documents by electronic messages via the Internet providing significant benefits in terms of cost savings, improved logistics and reduced errors in documentation. The most important legal obstacles in the BBL are how to secure authenticity, non-repudiation and message integrity as well as the status of negotiability equivalent to paper B/L. These kinds of functions may be carried out through the electronic title registry of the Bolero International Limited. The technical structure is supported contractually by the Bolero Rulebook. And other documents except B/L can be made out without any legal or technical problems. What are the handicaps of the BBL in its practical use at this time? I can summarize the current and expected problems as follows: First, the fee to join Bolero Association Limited is burdensome to sellers, buyers and trade related organizations all over the world. Second, the liability in errors or defaults in operating central data registry of Bolero International Limited is limited to U.S.$100,000. The amount is not sufficient to the many bulk cargo owners to cover the damages. Third, businessmen are used to traditional paper documents; therefore it takes much time for them to change their customs and practices. So the BBL and traditional papers would be used simultaneously for the time being. Finally, it is very important to incorporate the Rulebook, a multilateral contract binding on all users signed, in each domestic law, which will accomplish the uniform law basis.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.465-495
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• 2011

Domestic franchised businesses have been showing relatively fast growth, but the growth is expected to slow down as in those developed countries. In face of this changing market environment, domestic franchisers will have to turn their eyes abroad to achieve sustainable growth. On the other hand, more international franchisors could pursue expanding into the Korean market due to economic or strategic reasons in their home countries. In general, enterprises are faced with several barriers when entering foreign markets by franchising their operation. Issues relating to such entry barriers can be broadly classified into legal and managerial. To begin, international franchising necessitates enterprises to handle various aspects of legal issues. There are no internationally unified rules for franchise agreements as in international goods purchase contracts. This forces franchisors to have deep knowledge of concerned regulations and practices of each of the individual target countries, in particular franchising practices which differ from those of their own countries in terms of rights and obligations of the involved parties. Having regard to this situation, this study reviewed the EU's PEL CAFDC and other domestic and overseas regulations governing franchising. From the results, several contractual obligations were derived that need to be taken into account when handling the issues around the international franchise agreement. In closing this paper mainly having in mind enterprises in various business lines seeking to expand into international franchising, some unmet needs are worth commenting. First, there is an urgent need to establish practical guidelines along with the model agreement addressing the issues of international franchising in the absence of any unified international rules. Second, to meet the first need above, it is needed that the relevant authorities conduct a comprehensive review of the existing franchising regulations available across overseas countries and, based on the results, embark on gathering good common elements in the existing franchising regulations in individual countries, ultimately developing the best possible guidelines and examples.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2002

This paper presents an ARM-based SOC bus transaction verification IP and the usage experiences in SOC designs. The verification IP is an AMBA AHB protocol checker, which captures legal AHB transactions in FSM-style signal sequence checking routines. This checker can be considered as a reusable verification IP since it does not change unless the bus protocol changes. Our AHB protocol checker is designed to be scalable to any number of AHB masters and reusable for various AMBA-based SOC designs. The keys to the scalability and the reusability are Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), virtual port, and bind operation. This paper describes how OOP, virtual port, and bind features are used to implement AHB protocol checker. Using the AHB protocol checker, an AHB simulation monitor is constructed. The monitor checks the legal bus arbitration and detects the first cycle of an AHB transaction. Then it calls AHB protocol checker to check the expected AHB signal sequences. We integrate the AHB bus monitor into Verilog simulation environment to replace time-consuming visual waveform inspection, and it allows us to find design bugs quickly. This paper also discusses AMBA AHB bus transaction coverage metrics and AHB transaction coverage analysis. Test programs for five AHB masters of an SOC, four channel DMAs and a host interface unit are executed and transaction coverage for DMA verification is collected during simulation. These coverage results can be used to determine the weak point of test programs in terms of the number of bus transactions occurred and guide to improve the quality of the test programs. Also, the coverage results can be used to obtain bus utilization statistics since the bus cycles occupied by each AHB master can be obtained.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2016

크라우드펀딩(Crowdfunding)은 인터넷 기반 플랫폼을 이용하여 개인 및 기업이 필요한 자금을 다수의 대중으로부터 모으는 행위로 SNS 확산과 더불어 성장하고 있다. 크라우드펀딩의 기능은 자금조달에 어려움을 겪고 있는 기업 및 창업기업들에게 혁신적인 자금조달 수단이다. 국내 크라우드펀딩은 도입초기단계로 문화, 예술 분야에 집중되어 있고, 공익적인 성격을 가진 프로젝트가 많다. 그러나 국내 크라우드펀딩의 높아진 관심에도 불구하고, 전자상거래 무역창업에 크라우드펀딩의 투자사례는 드물며, 창업금융의 역할에도 미비하여 많은 문제점이 제기 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 전자상거래 무역창업에 크라우드펀딩을 성공적으로 활용하고자 할 때 고려되어야 할 요인들을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 크라우드펀딩 시장현황과 각국의 법률 및 정책을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 전자상거래 무역창업 투자 관점에서 국내 크라우드펀딩 관련 법률 및 제도의 활성화 방안을 제시하였다.