• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the change of circumference, volume and strength of normal and operated lower extremities on 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days of postoperation following THRA compared with their condition on preoperation day. Subjects consisted of 13 male and 7 female Patients operated with THRA between the age of 20 and 69 years with a mean age of 38.55(SD=15.1). Circumference of upper and lower leg was measured by tape, leg volume was determined according to formula (Moor & Thornton, 1987) with measurement of 8 circumferences of leg. Leg strength was measured by pressing the center of digital health meter in supine position. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Circumference of operated thigh decreased significantly at 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal thigh decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after THRA compared with preoperative value. 2. Circumference of midcalf in both operated and normal limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. 3. Leg volume of operated lower limb decreased significantly at 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal limb decreased significantly at day 7 & 10 after THRA compared with preoperative value.4. Leg strength of operated limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. No significant difference of normal leg strength was shown following THRA. 5. Circumference of midcalf differed significantly at day 14 after THRA between normal and operated extremity. From these results, it can be suggested that a decreased activity after THRA caused muscle atrophies in normal and operated extremity.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2013

Data from 540 subjects (included in the obesity group whose BMI was over 25) was selected from 2,445 subjects in the $6^{th}$ Korean Body Size Survey. A total of 25 direct measurements were selected for the relevant literature lower body size measurement analysis, that included 9 components related to BMI, height and circumferences, 3 components related to width and thickness, 5 components related to length, 3 components related to height, and 2 other components. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis and variance analysis were executed using PASW 18.0 to analyze the data. In accordance with the factor analysis results to classify the lower body shape of overweight women in their 20s to 60s whose BMI was over 25, 4 factors were identified (lower body volume, leg volume, lower body length and leg length). A total of 4 lower body shapes of overweight women were found through cluster analysis using 4 factor scores from the factor analysis. Body Shape 1 had the largest lower body and leg volume. It was the heaviest group. Leg length was at a normal level. Body Shape 1 was 22.2% (122 subjects). Body Shape 2 had the longest legs and the smallest body shape; however, Body Shape 2 was the leg obesity group with the largest leg volume. It was 39.8% (215 subjects). Body Shape 3 had a smaller leg volume in proportion to the lower body thickness and a long lower body length. It comprised 27.8% (150 subjects). Body Shape 4 comprised 9.8% (53 subjects) with the shortest leg. Its lower body obesity was at a normal level.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.130-139
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• 2009

This study was conducted to reproduce the Leg of Mutton Sleeve pattern of the ladies' costume of the 1890's for Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size. Nineteen Leg of Mutton Sleeve patterns of the ladies' costume of the 1890's were collected and drawn to actual size. Nineteen Leg of Mutton Sleeve patterns of the ladies' costume of the 1890's were classified into three groups(S1~S3) by the pattern pieces and the bend of the lower part of the elbow line. The S1 was one-piece sleeve pattern and the lower part of the elbow line of S1 was not bent. The gathers volume of sleeve cap of S1 was smaller than S2 and S3. The S2 was one-piece sleeve pattern and the lower part of the elbow line of S2 was bent. The S2 pattern had typical characteristics of the Leg of Mutton Sleeve that the gathers volume of sleeve cap was large and the lower part of elbow line was tight. The S3 was two-piece sleeve pattern and the lower part of the elbow line of S3 was bent. The gathers volume of sleeve cap of S3 was similar with S2. The study patterns of three groups of the Leg of Mutton Sleeve which had the characteristics and the silhouette of the Leg of Mutton Sleeve pattern of the ladies' costume of the 1890's were designed like for Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size through modifications based on the evaluation of dressing on two occasions. The study pattern of three groups of the Leg of Mutton Sleeve were evaluated to have the silhouette of the Leg of Mutton Sleeve of the 1890's and to fit Korean women of the twenties who have the standard body type and the average size with the sensory test.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the effect of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle volume and strength in elderly women. Sixteen elderly women (70.9±4.6 years) were divided into low (30% 1RM) and high (75% 1RM) intense resistance training groups. Tourniquet cuff (Zimmer, Germany) for BFR was applied only to the right leg during the training period. All subjects performed unilateral leg press, leg extension and leg curl (3 sets×12 repetitions) for 10 weeks (2d/wk). Blood pressure was increased from 110 to 240 mmHg during the training period at the most proximal region of exercised leg. Muscle volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured by MRI and body composition was monitored by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and isokinetic muscular strength were analyzed in both legs. The quadriceps CSA (15.2%, p<.001) and muscle volume (13.8%, p<.001) were increased in high-intense trained leg with BFR and the increased rate was highest among groups. The quadriceps CSA (9.8%, p<.001) and muscle volume (6.9%, p<.001) were increased in low-intensity training group with BFR and their increased rates were higher than control groups. The strength by exercise training was significantly improved in all groups and tended to be higher in BFR groups. These results demonstrate low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction could be an effective way to improve muscle volume and strength in elderly women.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

We have not identified on what gender difference during gait at a pace of one's preferred velocity effects on the function of bilateral lower limb. This study was undertaken to investigate a difference of gait strategy by gender during gait at a one's preferred velocity of participants of adult male and female (n=20). Cinematographic data for motion analysis, ground reaction force (GRF) variables, and muscle volume of lower limb were analyzed. Significant difference of variables on movement of center of mass whole body, joint angle and moment of lower limb, and ground reaction force were tested by 2-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05). Male group showed more muscle volume than female, and both showed more volume in dominant leg than non-dominant. Main effect by bilateral leg during gait showed higher difference in right than left leg in change of vertical position of center of mass (maximal, minimal). Main effect by gender in vertical change of position and velocity of center of mass showed higher difference in male than female (maximal, minimal). Hip joint showed more flexed and extended angle in male than female, and also dorsiflexion of ankle and flexion moment of knee and hip joint showed higher in male than female group. Therefore, this result was assumed that dominant showed furthermore more contribution for propulsive function than non-dominant leg. Gender difference showed in strategy controlling of biomechanical characteristics, and perhaps influenced by muscle volume.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.5B no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2005

The Different-volume- V-connection transformer is known as an electric power source that can supply 3-phase electric power and single-phase electric power at the same time. Usually, we use two single-phase transformers that have different volumes. In this paper, we propose the use of a 3-phase 5-leg transformer with the different-volume- V-connection. And, we examine the magnetic properties of the 5-leg core model with the different-volume- V-connection. The magnetic properties of cores with the different-volume- V-connection are compared with those with the delta-connection. In order to express the magnetic anisotropy of the core materials and to calculate the iron loss directly, the two-dimensional vector magnetic property is considered with the E&SS modeling in the simulation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.108-127
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• 2000

Hot leg break LBLOCA(Large Break LOCA) had a potential to be a containment maximum pressure accident in YGN3&4, which was induced from excessive conservatism in the CE analysis methodology of mass and energy release. This study conducted mass and energy release experiment for the hot leg break LBLOCA during post blowdown with an integral test facility, SNUF(Seoul National University Facility). This facility simulated YGN 3&4 with volume ratio of 1/1140 based on Ishii's three level scaling. Experiment showed that SI(Safety Injection) water refilled cold leg first and core later. SI water was vaporized in the core, which resulted in the repressurization of reactor. This increase of pressure drove the water in cold leg to flow up half height of U tubes. However, since the water was drained back soon, the release through the SG side broken section by evaporation was negligibly small. This study also provided experimental assessment of RELAP5 results by KAERI for the release through the SG side broken section.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2012

This study deals with the accident of roundabout. The objective is to analyze the traffic accidents occurred in 3-legged and 4-legged roundabouts through the developed models. In developing the multiple linear regression models, this study uses the number of traffic accidents as a dependent variable and such the variables as geometric structures, traffic characters and others as the independent variables. The correlation and multicollinearity of variables were analyzed using SPSS17.0. The main results are as follows. First, R-square value of developed models were analyzed to be 0.851(3-leg) and 0.689(4-leg), respectively. Second, the independent variables in the 3-legged roundabout accident model were analyzed to be the traffic volume and number of crosswalk, and the variables in the 4-legged roundabouts were evaluated to be the traffic volume and signal. Finally, the paired t-test shows that the predicted values and observed values are not statistically different.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2205-2212
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• 1996

In order to move the body of a walking robot translationally, and step over the obstacles, the walking robot must have at least 3 degrees of freedom for each leg. Therefore each leg of the general walking robots can be composed of 3-link system with 3 revolute joints. In this paper, the colsed form of inverse kinimatic solutions is shown for this general 3R linkage. Moreover, in order to have efficient walking volume in rough terrain, the workspace of each log is obtained considering the twist angles and the offsets in D-H parameters. When we design a walking robot, the information of the walking volume is needed for planning desired trajectories of the feet effectively. Appropriate knowledge of the walking volume can also be used to maximize linear or angular velocity of minimize power of stress. However, since it is impossible to obrain the information of walking volume in 3-D space directly from the kinematic equations, the walking volume can be searched through the edge detection algorithm using the triangle tracer with closed from inverse kinematic solutions. In this study, we present the closed form inverse kinematic solutions for 3R linkage model, and the walking volume of 6 legged walking robot which is modeled after the darking bettle, Eleodes obscura sulcipennis, through the method of edge detection for an arbitrary 2 dimensional shape using triangle tracer.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.660-667
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• 2000

Clothing ventilation was investigated using a manikin wearing an impermeable overall under an isothermal condition, in which the ventilation occurred only through the openings. The ventilation volume was estimated by both microenvironment volume and ventilation rate, where, the microenvironment volume was measured by an air subsitution method and the ventilation rate by a trace gas method. Microenvironment volume of the experimental garment was about 21.0 liters. Even though it was certainly affected by the distance from the opening, the ventilation rate was more significantly influenced by the opening area and the shape of air layer in the clothing. The volume of air exchange in the clothing microenvironment was affected greatly by the microenvironment volume and the opening area, and it was different for each part of the body with bigger air exchange volume in the microenvironment of the leg as compared to that of the arm.