• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.837-843
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• 2008

This paper proposes a power divider based on meta-material structure with dual-band operation. The meta-material structures of left-hand characteristic are constituted of series capacitors and shunt inductors, but they have parasitic series inductance and shunt capacitance effects. There is represented the composite right/ left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) model. When the power divider is implemented by using the CRLH-TL, the power divider can operate dual band. To verify the power divider with dual band, we are implemented to operate dual-band that is 0.88 GHz and 1.67 GHz. The characteristics of divider have the return loss less than each 21.0 dB and 15.8 dB and the insertion loss better than 3.83 dB and 3.64 dB at each frequency. Also, the output phase difference is $3{\sim}6^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

Intentional draw and fade shots could be good weapons for lowering golf score. But how to make such shots? To investigate deterministic variables generating different projectile paths of shots in square stance was the purpose of this study. Ten right-handed male collegiate athletes, showing 1.3 of averaged handicap, participated in this study. They were asked to intentionally perform three different shots such as the straight shot(control condition), draw shot, and fade shot. Swing path, pelvis rotation angle, thorax rotation angle and left forearm supination angle were determined for dependent variables on impact event at each trial. For statistical analysis one-way repeated measures ANOVA were used. The results showed that swing path was one of main factor making differences among three kind of shots. Straight shot vs. Draw shot, Straight shot vs. Fade shot and Draw shot vs. Fade shot showed differences on swing path. And left forearm supination angle revealed significant difference between draw shot and fade shot, showing a significant larger angle of draw shot than fade shot. No other significant difference was detected for the other variables. We found that the shot characteristics were influenced primarily by swing path and left forearm supination angle.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2018

Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral response to motor tasks in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal subjects using functional MRI. Materials and methods ; Nine right handed-schizophrenic patients and six right-handed normal subjects were included. We used right hand movement as task. Series of 120 consecutive echo-planar images per section were acquired during three cycles of task and rest activations. Lateralization index of cortical response was measured and compared between patients and normal subjects. Results ; Right hand motor task was associated with greater activation in left sensorimotor cortex than the right in normal subjects. Schizophrenia patients showed relatively decreased activation in left cortex and increased activation in right cortex compared with normal subjects. In one patient, reversed lateralization was noted. Conclusion : Normal hemispheric asymmetry of cortical response to motor task was found in different pattern in schizophrenia. Our result is consistent with functional disturbance of motor circuitry in this disorder. Functional MRI will play an important role in diagnosis and research of this disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1375-1382
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• 2008

Frequency adjustable D-CRLH(dual-composite right/left handed) transmission lines, which solve the problem of design complexity and uncontrolled frequency of the existing structures, are proposed in this paper. The first design(type I), consisting of defected ground structure(DGS), island pattern in DGS, fixed stub and varactor diodes, controls $C_L$ in the parallel resonant circuit, while the second structure(type 2) composed of fixed DGS, shunt stub and diode adjusts $C_R$ in the series resonant circuit. The dual band frequency points which correspond to the meaningful electrical length of +/-90 degree in the RH/LH region are adjustable according to the bias voltage. The measurement shows that the LH frequency point which has -90 degree of electrical length are adjusted over $4.22{\sim}5.39\;GHz$ and $4.21{\sim}5.05\;GHz$ for type 1 and type 2, respectively, under $1{\sim}12\;V$ of bias voltage. In addition, the frequency Woo where RH turns over LH is controled over $3.26{\sim}4.22\;GHz$ for type 2 with the same bias condition.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1343-1351
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel patch antenna based on the metamaterial CRLH(Composite Right- and Left-Handed) structure is designed, implemented, and measured. Contrary to the standard microstrip patch's fundamental resonance mode of half-wavelength or its positive multiple, the proposed antenna shows the in-phase electric field over the entire antenna. The proposed antenna has a desired omni-directional field pattern which is typical characteristic of $\lambda/4$ monopole antenna, and also shows the merit of low profile. HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) of Ansoft which is based on the FEM(Finite Element Method) is used to simulate the proposed antenna. FR-4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm and relative permitivity 4.4 is used for the proposed antenna implementation. The implemented antenna showed VSWR (Voltage Standarding Wave Ratio)$\leq$2 for the frequency band from 2.63 GHz to 2.655 GHz which is used for S-DMB (Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) service. And measured peak gain and efficiency are 2.65 dBi and 81.14 %, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

This study confirmed that a doctor named Lee, Seok-gan whose name has been widely known but whose real identity has remained unclear, was an active Confucian doctor in the 16th century. In addition, through the newly discovered "Daeyakbu" among his family line, writings, and relics that have been handed down in a family, this study looked into his medical philosophy and medicine culture. The author of "Ieseokgangyeongheombang"(Medical Book by Lee, Seok-gan(李石澗), Seok-gan is the same person as an active famous doctor Lee, Seok-gan(李碩幹, 1509-1574) in the 16th century. Such a fact can be confirmed through "Samuiilheombang", "Sauigyeongheombang" and the newly opened "Ieseokgangyeongheombang". Lee, Seok-gan was born in the 4th ruling year of king Jungjong (1509) and was active as a doctor until the 7th ruling year of king Seonjo(1547); his first name is Jungim with the pen name-Chodang, and he used a doctor name of 'Seokgan.' He was known as a divine doctor, and there have been left lots of anecdotes in relation with Lee, Seok-gan. Legend has it that Seokgan went to China to give treatment to the empress, and a heavenly peach pattern drinking cup and a house, which the emperor bestowed on Seokgan in return for his great services, still have remained up to the present. Usually, Seokgan interacted with Toegye Lee Hwang and his literary persons, and with his excellent medical skills, Seokgan once gave treatment to Toegye at the time of his death free of charge. His medical skills have been handed down in his family, and his descendant Lee, Ui-tae(around 1700) compiled a medical book titled "Gyeongheombangwhipyeon(經驗方彙編)". Out of Lee, Seok-gan's keepsakes which were donated to Sosu museums by his descendant family, 4 sorts of 'Gwabu'(writings of fruit trees) including "Daeyakbu" were discovered. It's rare to find a literary work left by a medical figure like this, so these discoveries have a deep meaning even from a medicine culture level. Particularly, "Daeyakbu" includes the typical "Uigukron". The "Uigukron", which develops its story by contrasting politics with medicine, has a unique writing style as one of the representative explanatory methods of scholars' position during the Joseon Dynasty; in addition, the distinctive feature of "Uigukron" is that it was created in the form of 'Gabu' other than a prose.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

Metallothioneins (MTs) play a key role in metallic homeostasis and detoxification in most living organisms. In an attempt to study the biological functions and significance of MT in a snail, we cloned and partially characterized the MT gene from the left-handed snail, Physa acutawhich has been regarded as a potential biomonitering species for fresh water. The complete cDNA sequence of PaMT cDNA was identified from the expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing project of Physa acuta. The coding region of 180 bp gives 60 amino acid residues including the initiation methionine and termination codon. Clustering and phylogenic analysis of PaMT with other MT amino acid sequences show that it has some identities to Helix pomatia (60%), Arianta arbustorum (58%), Perna viridis (49%), Mytilus edulis (49%), Bathymodiolus azoricus (49%), Bathymodiolus azoricus (48%) and Bathymodiolus sp. FD-2002 (48%). Time dependent induction for PaMT from P. acuta exposed with cadmium (50 ppb) indicated that PaMT was induced at 4-8 hr after exposure. It remains to further develop PaMTas a potential biomarker for water contamination in fresh water.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

Since ancient times, legends and tales have been handed down with a spirituality, shamanistic meaning, and imagination. Among many tales about people and animal footprints that are handed down in various parts of Korea, Changnyeong's 'Munhojang Footprint' is the first case in which the physical evidence(footprints) that the main character has left was identified as a dinosaur footprint. In this study, we performed a scientific analysis based on the basic data collection, distribution pattern of 'Munhojang Footprint', three-dimensional digital recording and visualization, as well as case analysis and humanitic review of footprints in tales and legends. The Munhojang Footprints has long been known as human footprints left in the natural rock due to its shape and preservation status. A new analysis that the Munhojang footprints (composed of 13 footprints) are dinosaur tracks shows social perceptions of the ancient people, characterized by the fear of supernatural beings and the limits of scientific interpretation. Through this scientific and humanistic exploration of Munhojang Footprint that are passed down from generation to generation as legends, pray for peace and well-being of the village through rituals and rituals every year, and have been preserved and managed as practical evidence, it is expected that traditional culture and natural heritage will be linked and mutual value will be enhanced.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.730-740
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary science teachers' brain activation and functional connectivity during scientific observation on the biological phenomena. Twenty six right-handed healthy science teachers volunteered to be in the present study. To investigate science teachers' brain activities during the tasks, 3.0T fMRI system with block design was used to measure BOLD signals in their brains. The SPM2 software package was applied to analyze the acquired initial image data from the fMRI system. The results have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral superior parietal lobule, the left inferior parietal lobule, the left precuneus, the left superior occipital gyrus, the right middle occipital gyrus, the right precuneus, the left inferior occipital gyrus and bilateral fusiform gyrus were significantly activated during participants' scientific observation. The network model consisted of eleven nodes (ROIs) and its ten connections. These results suggested the notion that scientific observation needs a connective cooperation among several brain regions associated with observing over just a sensory receiving process.