• 혜화의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Objective & Method : We investigated the identity of chilsonparik which is written in Hwangjenaekyung and claimed by traditional scholars, and drew the following conclusions. Result & Conclusion : The word "Chilsonparik"(七損八益) is written in Hwangjenaekyung(黃帝內經). However the exact meaning of "Chilsonparik" doesn't appear in the Hwangjenaekyung so several scholars were studying to find out its true meaning. In 1973, a book "Cheonhajidodam"(天下至道談) was unearthed in the mawangtoe Han Tomb in Hunan province. This book "Cheonhajidodam" had a detailed description of "Chilsonparik", and its contents were similar to those of the "Hwangjenaekyung". In this sense, the sentences of "Hwangjenaekyung" is likely to have copied the contents of "Cheonhajidodam" or have quoted the same book, which makes it possible to interpret "Chilsonparik" in the "Hwangjenaekyung" relying on the description of "Chilsonparik" from the "Cheonhajidodam". Based on "Cheonhajidodam" the "Chilson" refers to "Seven ways of sexual intercourse that bring harm to the human body" and "Parik" refers to "Eight ways of sexual intercourse that bring benefit to the human body". The description of "Chilsonparik" in "Cheonhajidodam" is way more specific than the interpretation of the posterity scholars of the later generations. It is a also seen that the contents of the "Cheonhajidodam is appropriate as the "Hwangjenaekyung" depicts the "Chilsonparik" in concrete acts and ways. It is thought that the explanation of "Cheonhajidodam" gave correct answers to the "Chilsonparik" that was left as a question for us.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1281-1299
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• 2017

A submodule N of a module M is called ${\mathcal{S}}$-closed (in M) if M/N is nonsingular. It is well-known that the class Closed of short exact sequences determined by closed submodules is a proper class in the sense of Buchsbaum. However, the class $\mathcal{S}-Closed$ of short exact sequences determined by $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules need not be a proper class. In the first part of the paper, we describe the smallest proper class ${\langle}\mathcal{S-Closed}{\rangle}$ containing $\mathcal{S-Closed}$ in terms of $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules. We show that this class coincides with the proper classes projectively generated by Goldie torsion modules and coprojectively generated by nonsingular modules. Moreover, for a right nonsingular ring R, it coincides with the proper class generated by neat submodules if and only if R is a right SI-ring. In abelian groups, the elements of this class are exactly torsionsplitting. In the second part, coprojective modules of this class which we call ec-flat modules are also investigated. We prove that injective modules are ec-flat if and only if each injective hull of a Goldie torsion module is projective if and only if every Goldie torsion module embeds in a projective module. For a left Noetherian right nonsingular ring R of which the identity element is a sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents, we prove that the class ${\langle}\mathcal{S-Closed}{\rangle}$ coincides with the class of pure-exact sequences of modules if and only if R is a two-sided hereditary, two-sided $\mathcal{CS}$-ring and every singular right module is a direct sum of finitely presented modules.

• 복식
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

This study is aimed to personally measure the body of physically handicapped women and compare the measurements to the results of the fifth project to investigate the measurements of the body of Koreans, identity the differences in the measurements in accordance with the subjects' handicap types and age, and find the characteristics of their physical figures, with a view to propose basic data for developing clothes suitable to the body of physically handicapped people. The findings of this study are summarized in the following: 1. There were significant differences in the measurements of the subjects' shoulder width, breast circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, armpit circumference, left and right upper arms' circumference, length between front walls of the armpit, and length between back walls of the armpit after the subjects' handicap types were classified into paralysis of the lower half of the body, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral palsy, and amputation and the differences in the subjects' bodily measurements were compared and analyzed. 2. The shoulder width gradually increased for those in their 50s or younger while that of those in 60s or older is almost the same as that of those in their 30s. The waist circumference gradually increased in all the subjects. As a result, the present author concludes that the body of physically handicapped women increases the same way as the body of ordinary adult women does in its circumferential measurements as the subjects grow older.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2010

부산 해운대구에서 사하구에 이르는 부산의 중심지역에서는 도시화의 진전 속에 어촌은 사실상 소멸하였으며, 인구밀집구역에 둘러싸인 17개 어항들이 주변지역과의 부조화 속에 방치되거나 고립되어 있는 상태이다. 그러나 이러한 도시화지역 내부의 어항은 해양도시로서의 아이덴티티를 부여하는 존재이며 그 활용여부에 따라 어항 자체 뿐 아니라 주변지역의 가치를 고양할 수 있는 잠재력을 가진 사회경제적 자원으로 삼을 수 있다는 것이 필자들의 기본적인 생각이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 중부산지역의 어항들을 대표적인 '도시형 어항'으로 정의하고, '도시'와 '어항'의 공존과 조화의 방향을 모색코자 하였으며, 이를 위해 중부산지역 17개 어항들의 어업생산기반과 주변환경 및 어항정비수요를 조사하고 어업인들과 지역주민들의 의견을 취합하여 도시와 어항의 조화로운 공존을 위한 도시형 어항정비의 중장기적 방향을 설정하는 것을 주된 목표로 하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.55-84
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• 2012

This paper is to study the Tang Dynasty monk poet Ling-yi's poem world and his significance on history of literature. In Chinese literature history, "the monk poets" is a very unique literature creation group. The means of a word "the monk poet", from the literal can see " he is the monk that Can write poems", which is dedicated to professionally writing poetry monk. Buddhism spread to China, from the Wei and Jin Dynasty beginning has been writing poetry of the monks, but the real meaning of "the monk poet" (i.e., professionally poetry monk) appeared to the Mid-Tang Dynasty period. The monk Ling-yi is the pioneer of the monk poets group and Buddist monk creative poem in Mid-tang Dynasty period. Although the Lingyi life is very short, only 35 had died, and his poetry has not been too much, only 44 songs, but he in this life of 35 years and 44 poems, for the development of classical Chinese poetry left noticeable imprinting. He is not just as monk's high practice and by advocating for great Buddhist scholar, also through the daily meditation in poetry creation practice were obtained at that time of many men of literature and writing respected. This paper from the poem monk Ling-yi double identity - the first is a Buddhist monk, the second is addicted to poetry poet to proceed, step by step, in-depth study as the poem monk Ling-yi's poetry creation characteristic and the creative mentality characteristics. This thesis also explores the poem monk by the creation of poetry pursuit, exploration, finally realized "poem" and "Zen" together as one "Zen poetry" creation mechanism.

• 기록학연구
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• 제3호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2001

The Museum of Chosen General Government(MCGG) was a supreme organ to take charge of business affairs of historical remains Japanese imperial rule. The MCGG was established in Kyongbok Palace in 1915. The MCGG was changed the reorganization of the Chosen General Government(CGG) setups, the MCGG was to maintain the cultural assets, to excavate the ruins and to put on display the remains. However, the Japanese colonist took advantage of the MCGG for political purposes. They didn't use the MCGG to promote the research of Korea culture. Therefore, the MCGG was an organization to belong to the Department of Education of the CGG. In this reason, the MCGG produced the amount of public document to business affairs. Now, This document left in the Museum of Korea. We have seen the document to study the cultural policies and the cultural assets of the CGG. This document includes the abundant information for the historical remains and ruins at that time. Accordingly, this document will help to survey the archaeological research and historical research. In addition, this document will help to manage the cultural assets. What then is the advantage of this document? The first is to see the cultural policies of the CGG through this document. The Japanese colonist took advantage of Korea history, which was low-grade culture, to justify rule of the colony. Therefore, they needed collect Korean assets to verity their theory. The second is to see the administration system of the MCGG. Indeed, this document includes information of organization of the MCGG, the policies and the process of the MCGG. In substance, we can see the systemic proceedings of the MCGG. The third is to provide historical materials to the historian. This document has the persons to plan the colonial culture policy of the MCGG, and events to rule the Korea culture. Moreover, the document of the MCGG would help to inquire into the truthfulness of history and to get the national identity.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.433-451
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• 2018

In Jesmyn Ward's 2017 novel, Sing, Unburied, Sing, Ward places herself within the modern African American literary tradition and lays out the unending "historical traumas" of blacks and cultural haunting in her narrative. She brings to the fore the story of a young black boy and demonstrates the difficulty of living while a black man in the American rural South. Living or dead, black males remain spectral as their frustrated black bodies are endlessly rejected and disembodied. It's through Ward's close attention to the notions of black masculinity and retrieval of (black) humanity that the black South is remembered, recuperated, and historicized. Shrewdly enough, Ward expands it further into the tradition of American literature. Instead of singularizing African American identity and its historical traumas, she renders them the part of American history and universalizing the single black story as the story of the American South. Filling in the gaps that Faulkner and other white writers have left in their novels, Ward writes stories about the unspeakable, the invisible, the excluded to deconstruct white narratives and rebuild the American history; and reasserts African roots and history, spirituality, black raciality and locality within the American tradition. I examine the symbolic significance of Jojo's claim of black masculinity within the socio-political contexts of contemporary America. I also look closely at Ward's portrayal of Jojo's black family genealogy on account of its traumatic experiences of incarceration in notorious Parchman Farm. Locating Jojo as the inspiration of linking the past and the present, the unburied and the living, I contend that Ward creates "home" for blacks in an atemporal oceanic space where the past and the present are able to meet simultaneously. I argue that the oceanic space is an alternative space of affect that functions against the space of white rationality.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.31-72
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• 2010

This study is to explain the nature of transnational activities being involved in by Filipina intermarriage migrants in Korea by examining the institutional backgrounds of market, society and the state. The increasing number of Filipina intermarriage with Korean coincides with the advance of liberal market economy, which governs internal and bilateral interactions between and among the three institutions in both countries. While existing various reasons for engaging in intermarriage, a significant number of Filipina wives in Korea ventured into it with uncertain expectations that they might earn better lives and could support their families. Such hopes usually turn out in vain when they meet the real lives in Korea. It is mainly because their spouses in Korea would rather be those who left behind in the marriage market due to their lack of competitiveness. Filipina wives are also suffering from social isolation caused by language and other barriers such as family relations or rural life they might settle in. Their transnational activities usually tend to be their effort to breakthrough their unexpected condition of difficult lives in Korea. They usually make use of transnational sort of community activities to cultivate chances to engage in bread earning activity. Migrant's transnational activity has a great impact on sociocultural changes in the country of origin and of arrival. Transnational activity provides migrants with economic opportunities, and uplifts self-esteem as well. Intermarriage couples, especially with Southeast Asian wives, and their offsprings show a tendency of downward assimilation to Korean society. Korean state policy toward them should not simply apply undiscriminated assimilation theory, but take into account their possible strength of transnational identity with which they could find a means to integrate themselves successfully into the mainstream Korean society.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제31호
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• pp.203-240
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• 2011

안재홍은 다사리주의(主義)를 통해 좌(左) 우(右)의 대립을 지양시키고 통일민족국가(統一民族國家)를 건설하고자 했다. 다사리주의를 이념적 차원에서 논하자면, 민족주의(民族主義)라는 점과 중도노선(中途路線)이라는 점이 주목된다. 안재홍의 민족주의는 민족적 정체성(正體性)과 민족적 주체성(主體性)을 표리의 관계로 인식했다는 점과 민족주의와 세계주의를 지양시키려 했다는 점이 주목된다. 또 안재홍의 중도노선은 자유주의(자본주의)와 급진주의(공산주의)를 지양시킨 '진정(眞正) 민주주의(民主主義) 노선'이라는 점과 미(美) 소(蘇)의 간섭을 막을 수 있는 '민족자주(民族自主) 노선'이라는 점이 주목된다. 그러나 안재홍의 다사리주의는 당시의 현실에서는 아무런 결실도 거두지 못한 '실패한 노선'이기도 했다. 그러나 안재홍의 다사리주의와 중도노선(中途路線)은 오늘날에도 여전히 중요한 의의를 지닌다. 첫째, 민족(民族)과 세계(世界)를 균형있게 조화시키려 했던 안재홍의 '신민족주의(新民族主義)'는 오늘날 세계화시대(世界化時代)에 더욱 중요한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 둘째, 균등경제(均等經濟)와 평권정치(平權政治)를 추구한 안재홍의 '신민주주의(신민주주의(新民主主義))' 역시 약자(弱者)의 생존권(生存權)이 근본적으로 위협받는 오늘날 신자유주의(新自由主義)시대에 더욱 중요한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 셋째, '해방공간'에서 중도노선(中途路線)의 실패가 민족의 분단(分斷)을 뜻하는 것이었다면, 오늘날 우리는 거꾸로 중도노선(中途路線)에서 통일(統一)의 기반을 모색해야 할 것이다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.437-453
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• 2022

Unlike for polynomial rings, the notion of multiplication for the near-ring of polynomials is the substitution operation. This leads to somewhat surprising results. Let S be an abelian left near-ring with identity. The relation ~ on S defined by letting a ~ b if and only if ann_S(a) = ann_S(b), is an equivalence relation. The compressed zero-divisor graph 𝚪_E(S) of S is the undirected graph whose vertices are the equivalence classes induced by ~ on S other than [0]_S and [1]_S, in which two distinct vertices [a]_S and [b]_S are adjacent if and only if ab = 0 or ba = 0. In this paper, we are interested in studying the compressed zero-divisor graphs of the zero-symmetric near-ring of polynomials R₀[x] and the near-ring of the power series R₀[[x]] over a commutative ring R. Also, we give a complete characterization of the diameter of these two graphs. It is natural to try to find the relationship between diam(𝚪_E(R₀[x])) and diam(𝚪_E(R₀[[x]])). As a corollary, it is shown that for a reduced ring R, diam(𝚪_E(R)) ≤ diam(𝚪_E(R₀[x])) ≤ diam(𝚪_E(R₀[[x]])).