• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.815-825
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• 2007

The study was designed to investigate food waste management practices and to identify factors affecting food waste generation at school food services. A total of 202 dietitians employed at elementary schools participated in the survey. The mean food waste weight per school was 77.54 kg, forty percent of the schools generated food waste of $50{\sim}100kg$ every day and 53% generated plate waste less than 50 kg. Three quarters of the dietitians perceived plate waste as a major component of the food waste and vegetable dishes were a major source of the plate waste. Half of the dietitians used a food waste pick-up service for waste disposal, which was the most preferred waste disposal method. Approximately 90% of the dietitians conducted education on plate waste reduction for students but their perceptions on the effectiveness of the education was inconsistent. The contents were environmental issues (70.3%) and unbalanced food choice (56.7%). According to factor analysis based on performance score, solid waste management practices were grouped into 'information collecting and education', 'supervision of production process', 'cooperation with related groups', and 'control over production planning'. Practices appertaining to 'cooperation with related groups', 'information collecting and education' factor need to be improved. Dietitians should pay attention to 'recycle and reuse of left over' practice. Waste generation differed significantly by dietitians' ages and working experience. In order to reduce plate waste, more effective education materials and methods need to be developed and support from principals, teachers, and parents is necessary.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Minerals from marine materials such as deep ocean water and Dead Sea water have been used since ancient times. We made a mask pack sheet including deep ocean water and salt from the Dead Sea and evaluated the function of the mask pack sheet through animal study. Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats. The wounds were left untreated in group Con, and mask pack sheets including deep ocean water or deep ocean water and Dead Sea water were used as treatment for 20 min on the skin of animals in groups DP and DDP, respectively. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemical findings. Groups DDP and DP showed decreases in wound size, as compared to group Con at 7 days after wound infliction. The histological findings revealed that wound healing had progressed further in groups DP and DDP than in group Con, with more rapid collagen deposition and regression of neutrophils. Also, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ were increased in groups DDP and DP compared with those in group Con at 3 days after wound infliction. Mask sheet packs including deep ocean water and Dead Sea salt affected wound healing by reducing the inflammatory phase and stimulated wound contracture by facilitating the deposition of collagen.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic force on periodontal cellular activity by immunoperoxidase stain of epidermal growth factor, one of the tissue hormone. And supplementarily, to investigate of the changes of periodontal structures, periodontium was stained by H-E, Masson's Trichrome, P. A. S. stain after orthodontic force application. The experimental animals were four young adult dogs of average 8 month old. The fixed orthodontic appliance was cemented on mandibular right 4th premolar and 1st molar of each animal as experimental site. Mandibular left 4th premolar area of the same animal was used as control. The appliance consist of two silver crown soldered with 0.030' tube, $0.018\times0.022'$ S.S. sectional arch wire, and 0.009' open coil spring for manifestating of orthodontic force for bodily tooth movement of mandibular 4th premolar toward mesial direction. Experimental group was sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 5 weeks from beginning of the experiment, and was investigated immunohistochemically and bistochemically by several staining methods. Findings were as follows: 1. The degree of EGF staining in control group was highest in epithelium of periodontium, and osteoclasts, osteoblasts and fibroblasts around the capillary were stained at higher level in periodontium. Generally, control group shows positive distribution of EGF all around the periodontal area. 2. The degree of EGF staining in control and 5 week group were similar, and did not show the significant different level between tension and pressure side. 3. All of 1, 2, 3 week group showed the same staining degree and distribution of EGF, and the tension side was more positive reaction of EGF stain than the pressure side. 4. The features of collagen fiber and periodontal fiber arrangement observed by H-E, Masson's Trichrome and P. A. S. stain revealed that oblique periodontal fibers were strectched in tension side, compressed in pressure side of all experimental group. Some fiber group in pressure side of 5 week group recovered the regular arrangement along the capillaries.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권12C호
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• pp.1208-1215
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 스테레오 카메라로 입체 동영상을 얻는 방법이 아닌 H.264로 압축된 2D 동영상으로부터 복호화 과정에서 얻게 되는 움직임 정보를 이용하여 효과적인 3D 입체 동영상을 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. MPEG 기반의 동영상에서 각 프레임의 움직임 정보는 복호화단에서 얻게 되는 움직임 벡터로 분석이 가능하며 H.264에서는 움직임 예측을 위하여 다양한 크기의 블록을 이용하기 때문에 더 정확한 움직임 벡터와 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 2D/3D 변환기법에서는 장면 전환점 검출, delay factor, 운동 방향, 운동 형태 등을 이용하여 좌영상과 우영상을 생성한다. 이때 동일한 컷(cut)내의 프레임들 간의 운동 형태와 운동 방향은 높은 상관도를 가지게 된다. 실험 결과를 통해서 제안된 기법을 이용할 경우 안정된 동영상 입체 변환이 가능함을 알 수 있다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2002

본 연구는 신호교차로의 부근에 위치한 버스정류장과 교차로간의 최소 이격거리 산정을 목적으로 하였다. 교차로의 유입부에서는 버스가 승하차 서비스를 한 후 좌회전 차로로 진입하기 위해 필요한 거리를 기준으로 이격거리를 산정하였으며, 유출부에서는 좌회전한 버스가 정차를 위해 차로 변경하는 데 필요한 거리를 바탕으로 이론식을 전개하였다. 이를 위해 대기행렬모형과 간격수락모형이 이용되었다. 유도된 이론식을 이용하여 교통량 및 설계속도 등을 변수로 하는 모의실험을 실시한 후, 모의실험의 결과 값을 현재의 버스정류장 설치기준 중 교차로 부근의 설치위치에 관련된 기준인 엇갈림 길이의 계산 값과 비교하였다. 제안된 식들은 현재 설치된 정류장 위치의 적정성에 관한 개략적인 평가, 또는 신설하고자 하는 정류장의 위치선정에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 이론식은 버스의 진행 각도, 버스의 속도, 신호조건 등 일부 변수의 설정을 순화시켰다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 향후 본 연구와 관련하여 신호교차로에서의 버스와 주변 교통류의 운행특성에 관한 보조연구가 실시된다면 보다 현실적이고 합리적인 버스정류장 설치기준을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

The effect of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for various respiratory disorders were evaluated on the formalin-induced paw chronic inflammation in mice after oral administration. Mice were subaponeurotically injected in the left hind paw with 0.02 ml of 3.75% formalin, then subjected to 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of DHU001 oral administration, once a day for 10 days during which then the hind-paw thickness and volume were measured daily. The paw wet-weight, histological profiles, histomorphometrical analyses and paw tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ contents were conducted at termination. After two formalin treatments, a marked increase in the paw thickness and volume was detected in the formalin-injected control as compared with that in the intact control, plus at the time of sacrifice the paw wet-weights, paw TNF-${\alpha}$ contents were also dramatically increased with severe chronic inflammation signs at histopathological observations. However, these formalin-induced chronic inflammatory changes were dramatically decreased by treatment of dexamethasone and all three different dosages of DHU001. DHU001 has favorable effects on formalin-induced chronic inflammation mediated by TNF-${\alpha}$ suppression, and DHU001 may represent an alternative approach for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and silver spike point (SSP) therapy on current perception threshold (CPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Methods: Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Fourteen of them were males and twenty-one were females. Subject were randomly assigned to receive; (1) TENS (80/120 Hz alternating frequency), (2) SSP (3 Hz), or (3) no treatment (control group). Electric stimulation was applied over LI4 and LI11 on acupuncture points of the left forearm for 30 minutes. CPT and MPT were recorded before and after electrical stimulation. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models, with group treated as a between subject factor and time a within-subject factor. Results: At 30 minutes after cessation of electrical stimulation the CPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers was reduced in the TENS group that of C fibers was reduced in the SSP group (p<0.05). After cessation of electrical stimulation, the MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers increased in the TENS group, and that of A${\delta}$fibers increased in the SSP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: After TENS and SSP stimulation, MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers were selectively increased. In particular, the TENS group showed increases in both C and A${\delta}$fibers, while the SSP group showed increases only in A${\delta}$fibers.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Background and Aims : Nerve conduction study is invaluable in clinical neurology, especially for assessing peripheral neuropathies. Abnormal nerve conduction studies may result not only from peripheral nerve dysfunction itself, but also from other various mechanical, technical, and physiological factors such as age, sex, height and temperature. So we conducted this study to establish the our own normal values. Methods : In this study, from March. 1997 to July. 1998, 40 Korean adults among person came to Health Promotion Center over the age of 20 without any suspicion of neurological deficits were analysed to determine the effect of compound effects of several physiological factors. Results : The nerve conduction velocities of the upper extremity and proximal segments were faster than those of the lower extremity and distal segments. Physiological factors such as age, height and temperature affect the results of nerve conduction studies in multiple regression analysis. The sex difference is recognized over peroneal motor nerve. There are no sex differences in amplitude transformed into normal distribution. The significant physiological factor affecting the amplitude of nerve conduction is age, whereas height and temperature play no role. Conclusions : In multiple regression analysis, height is widespread variable for the nerve conduction velocities and temperature is important variable for lower extremities. The parametric statistical analysis cannot be applied to the amplitude of the compound muscle or nerve action potentials because of marked left shift in distribution. Sqareroot transformation of the CMAP and CNAP may be useful in normalizing the distribution. The most significant physiological factor affection the amplitude is age. Sex differences are not seen in nerve conduction study.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Background: This study investigates the impact of the cervical musculoskeletal intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder patient's cervical pain levels and depression factor. Methods: Thrty neck pain patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder were enrolled. Neck exercise training using a sling system was applied to the experimental group and self-neck movement exercise, modification of the McKenzie exercise, was applied to the control group. Both groups were checked every week whether they performed or not. Both groups performed their exercise for 35 minutes for a time and 3 times per week. Total period of the intervention was 6 weeks. To compare the effects of interventions, threshold of cervical tenderness and depression level were measured before and after the each intervention and also measured at follow-up. Results: Painthreshold of left trapezius showed a significant difference between two groups at three points. It increased 19.71% in the experimental group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. At follow-up it also increased 20.06% in the experimental group. Pain threshold of right trapezius showed a significant difference at three points. It increased 18.35% in the experimental group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. At follow-up it also increased 15.93% in the experimental group. According to the result interaction between groups and measurement time in both side of trapezius was valid. Depression level showed significant difference in the experimental group between three points. It decreased 18.07% after the intervention compared to before the intervention and decreased 15.21% at follow-up. According to the result interaction between groups and measurement time in depression level was valid. Conclusions: This study has important implications as the therapeutic strategy, high potent of improving symptoms, shows effect to a subject who has psychological problem such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

1. Objectives This research is to ascertain relations between the Sasang Constitution and characteristics of the eating attitudes, mental state, body composition, various examination results of obese middle-aged women. 2. Methods The subjects were 31 female patients whose BMI(Body Mass Index) was over $25kg/m^2$ and age was 35~55. It was analysed statistically the results of EAT(The Eating Attitudes Test), DEBQ(Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), body composition analyser, biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, mammography which was surveyed from them. 3. Results and Conclusions 1)There was no relation between the Sasang Constitution and the eating attitudes, eating behaviors. But Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in 23rd question for emotional eating and 33rd question for environmental eating of DEBQ 2)On the mental state, Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in BDI, STAI-S 3)On the body composition, Taeumin got statistically higher value than Non-Taeumin in BMI. Soyangin got statistically lower value than Non-Soyangin in BMI, left upper limb water, soft lean mass, body water, trunk water. 4)On the various examinations, Taeumin got statistically lower value than Non-Taeumin in serum albumin. Soyangin got statistically lower value in BMI and higher frequency in gallstone, breast nodule than Non-Soyangin. 5)It was thought that Taeumin's obesity is managed by controling physical factor such as excessive 'Gathering Qi(吸聚之氣)' rather than eating attitudes and psychological factor.