• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1998

A series of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of seed dressing application of chemicals on the early occurring rice insect pests. The number of small brown planthopper adults per 3hills in seed-dressing plot of Imidacloprid WS (Im WS) was 1.6 and its control efficacy was over 90%, compared with that of untreated plot. Rice water weevil was observed in the density of 8.8 larvae per 5 hills seed-dressed Im WS plots(showing 95.5% of control efficacy). Control efficacy of Im WS and Im GR against adult weevils lasted for 26 days after treatment and was higher than that of Carbofuran GR. Rates of injured stems by rice stem maggot and injured leaves by rice leaf miner were 3% and 3.7% in Im WS treatment plot respectively. Seed germination rate after seed dressing with recommended dosage (3 g/seed kg) of Im WS was 71 % on the 1st day and increased on 5th day up to that of untreated seed. The residual amount of Im in seed dressing plot was 0.11 ppm in rice roots and 0.05 ppm in leaves on the 40th day after treatment. Residual effect of Im WSI sustained for 50 days with over 95% insecticidal effect for the rice water weevil and over 90% for the brown planthopper. Quantity of the chemical applied in the field was calculated as 0.084 kg a.i./ha in seed dressing and 0.3 kg a.i./ha in seed box treatment, respectively It took 1 hour to treat insecticide by seed dressing, 2.5 hours by seed box applying, and 3.6 hours by water surface releasing per 990 $m^2$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2008

To select of optimum rice species and germanium (Ge) application method for production of functional rice with Ge, the growth characteristics, Ge absorption and grain quality of rice plant were investigated under different rice species (Hopyungbyeo, Junambyeo, Ilmeebyeo and Dongjinbyeo) and Ge application method (soil application and foliar spray). The rice yield by soil application was higher in the order of Hopyungbyeo $\fallingdotseq$ Junambyeo > Ilmeebyeo >> Dongjinbyeo. On the other hand, the rice yield by foliar spray was higher in the order of Junambyeo >> Ilmeebyeo > Dongjinbyeo > Hopyungbyeo. The rice yield by soil application was higher than that by foliar spray regardless of rice species. For soil application, the Ge absorption in various parts of the rice was higher in the other of rice bran > brown rice > polished rice regardless of rice species. The Ge absorption of brown rice in Hopyungbyeo, Ilmeebyeo, Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo by soil application was 14.5, 8.0, 11.6 and $10.4\;mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. In leaf, stem and root, the Ge absorption by foliar spray was higher than that by soil application, whereas, in rice bran, brown rice and polished rice, the Ge absorption by soil application was higher than that by foliar spray. The optimum rice species and Ge application method were demonstrated to be Hopyungbyeo and soil application, respectively, which provided suitable conditions for production of functional rice with Ge.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-98
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• 2002

Taxus cuspidata Sieb selected cultivation as drug, food and decorative plant in Kyong-gi province in Korea. As a manufacturing method, there were extracted from 250g of dried-leaf and 300g of dried-stem with each 200g of BG, PG and water (to 100) mixing for 72 hour at 50$\pm$5$\^{C}$ and then they were filtered by 400-mesh filter. Appearance of extract of leaves was slight brown, pH=5.3$\pm$0.5, gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and a reflective index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. And appearance of extract of stems was slightly dark brown, pH=5.4$\pm$0.5, gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and a reflective index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. It was extracted oil from Taxus seed. Gravity was 0.922$\pm$0.05 and it should be obtained the 27.0$\pm$0.5% of yield. The molecular weight of polysaccharide was about 50,000 to 300,000 dalton and contained 5.0$\pm$1.2% of yield from Taxus fruit. The determinations of total polyphenols in measuring spectropotometer got 0.563% in leaves, and 0.325% in stems, whereas the quantitives of total tannins got 0.054% and 0.037%, respectively. As the effects in Cosmetics by DPPH-method, the antioxidative activities were very strong that the inhibitory ratio showed 75% in leaves and 64% in stems compared with 52% in greentea extract. These are more effective than other plant extracts. The increasing ratio of collagen synthesis rate on the activating fibroblast for extracts of Taxus cuspidata Sieb showed 54.16% (stems) and 33.18% (leaves), To improve the skin elasticity, PPE(porcine pancreatic elastase)-inhibitory activities were strongly effective as 13,7% (stems), 23.5% (leaves) and 66%(seed). Anti-inflammatory acitvity of seed oil was very the above 41% stronger than SG was 24% of anti-Inflammatory as a control sample.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.430-437
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• 2022

We conducted a study on the whitening activity of Abies nephrolepis MAX. extracts. The electron-donating ability of 70% ethanol extracts from A. nephrolepis MAX. Stem (AN-S) and A. nephrolepis MAX. Leaf (AN-L) were found to be 89.4% and 90.9% at 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. Their ABTS⁺ radical scavenging abilities were found to be 88.8% and 96% 500 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. Their tyrosinase inhibitory effects were found to be 48.5% and 31.1% at 500 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. Cell survival rates measured in B16F10 were examined with the AN-S and AN-L extracts. Results showed cell viabilities of 98.3% and 94.4% at 500 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. The protein and mRNA expression inhibitory effects of AN-S and AN-L extracts were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively, at 25, 50 and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. The results of western blotting showed that the AN-S extract at 100 ㎍/ml concentration decreased the TRP-1 protein expression rate by 46%. The results of Western blotting also showed that the AN-L extract at 100 ㎍/ml concentration decreased the MITF protein expression rate was by 54.6%. Consequently, in the case of MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase, the amount of mRNA expressed decreased as the concentration of the extracts increased. Our results suggested that A. nephrolepis MAX. extracts can be used as a functional cosmetic material by confirming that they can be used as a whitening material.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators and $GeO_2$ on the induction and proliferation of callus and the effect of $GeO_2$ and citric acid on the Ge content of callus from explants and plant, Angelica koreana Max. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The callus induction was most effective on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing 1. 0ppm 2, 4 - D with petiolule. The proliferation of callus was most effective at 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D on the medium, at 2. 5ppm $GeO_2$ on the medium containing 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D, and at $0.\;1{\sim}1mM$citric acid on the medium at pH6 containing 2. 0ppm 2, 4 - D and 2. 5ppm $GeO_2.$ The more $GeO_2$ in MS medium up to 20ppm, the more Ge content in callus. Ge content in callus was highest when the medium was supplemented with 0. 1mM citric acid and the pH of medium was low. The Ge content in plant was high in order of leaf > root > stem. Application $GeO_2$ to the soil increased Ge content in plant and application of 1mM citric acid with $GeO_2$ resulted in increasing Ge content highest in plant, but application more than l0mM citric acid resulted in Ge content decreased. Application of $GeO_2$ increased Ge content in callus and plant but had a tendency to decrease some mineral content, on the other hand application of $0.\;1{\sim}1mM$ citric acid with $GeO_2$ had a tendency to increase mineral content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1992

Studies were conducted to determine the combined effect of uniconazole [(E) -1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-demethyl 2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and silver thiosulfate $[Ag {(S_2O_3)}^3\;_2-]$ (STS) on reduction of ozone injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Plants were given a 50ml soil drench of uniconazole at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/pot at the stage of emerging 4th leaf. Two days prior to ozone fumigation, STS solution contained 0.05% Tween-20 was also sprayed at concentrations of 0, 0.3 and 0.6 mM. Uniconazole at 0.01 mg/pot and STS at 0.6 mM were effective in providing protection against ozone exposure(20h at 0.2ppm) without severe retardation of plant height and chemical phytotoxicity, respectively. Combined treatment with uniconazole, STS significantly reduced ozone injury at the lower concentration than a single treatment with uniconazole or STS. Uniconazole treatment reduced plant height, stem elongation and transpiration rate on a whole plant level and increased chlorophyll concentration. STS did not give any effect on plant growth and chlorophyll content but increased transpiration rate in non-ozone-fumigated plants. Ethylene production in the leaves of ozone-fumigated plants was decreased by uniconazole and STS pretreatment, but there was no protective effect on epinasty of leaves in uniconazole-treated plants. STS increased ethylene production in non-ozone-fumigated plants, but it significantly reduced the degree of epinasty and defoliation of cotyledons when plants were exposed to ozone. Uniconazole slightly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. But STS showed little or no effects on such free radical scavengers. Day of flowering after seeding was shortened and percentages of fruit set were increased by uniconazole treatment. STS was highly effective on protecting reduction of fruit set resulting from ozone fumigation. These results suggest that combined use of uniconazole and STS should provide miximum protection against ozone injury without growth retardation resulting in yield loss.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry using membrane filter on growth of tomato in nutriculture. Pig slurry was filtered by ultra filtration and concentrated by reverse osmosis process. Filtration of pig slurry was necessary to prevent the hose clogging in nutriculture. The concentrated pig slurry (CS) and nutrient solution (NS) were mixed by six different mixing ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40%, 80: 20 and 100%:0% based on nitrogen content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of tomato. The concentration of nutrient solution was adjusted a range of $1.6{\sim}2.0mS/cm$ in EC. The plant height of tomato treated with CS 20+NS 80% was similar with NS 100% control plot. Plant height was highest in the plot of CS 20+NS 80%. The treatment of 100% concentrated pig slurry was lowest in the gowth characteristics of tomato. Number of cluster was very lower in 100% concentrated pig slurry compared with plot of chemical nutrient solution. In the beginning of growth stage, SPAD reading value was reduced in plot treated with CS 100%, but CS 20+NS 80% plot was higher compared to 100% concentrated pig slurry. SPAD value of tomato leaves was decreased as the amount of CS was increased. The SPAD value also in treatment of concentrated pig slurry was lower in the middle growth stage compared to control plot. The dry weight of stem and leaf were 107.4, 104.2g in plot of NS 100% and CS 20%+NS 80%, respectively. The fruit number and weight were decreased at high application plots of concentrated pig slurry, The fruit setting of tomato showed lowest in the plot treated with 100% concentrated pig slurry, and the growth of tomato severely decreased after application of 100% CS treatment. In conclusion, the growth characteristics such as plant height and fruit weight of tomato were not significantly different between the plots treated with mixture of 20% CS +80%NS and 100% nutrient solution treatment. In conclusion, the mixture solution of 20% of concentrated pig slurry and 80% of nutrient solution could be used as a nutrition solution of tomato nuticulture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 2012

To obtain the basic information for agricultural utilization of germanium (Ge), the growth characteristics and Ge absorption in rice plant were investigated under different Ge concentrations by foliar spray application. The Ge concentrations were treated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot (1 5000$^{-1}$ a), respectively. The Ge absorption rate in rice by foliar spray application with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot was higher in the order of leaf (5.75%) > stem (4.52%) > root (<0.01%). By foliar spray application, the Ge content in rice was higher in the order of $80mg\;L^{-1}$ > $40mg\;L^{-1}$ > $20mg\;L^{-1}$ > $10mg\;L^{-1}$. When rice was treated with $80mg\;L^{-1}$ of Ge, the Ge content in rice grain was higher in the order of rice bran ($0.21mg\;pot^{-1}$) $\gg$ brown rice ($0.04mg\;pot^{-1}$) ${\geq}$ polished rice ($0.03mg\;pot^{-1}$). By foliar spray application, the Ge uptake in rice bran was higher than that in other parts. Therefore, optimum Ge concentration by foliar spray application was $80mg\;L^{-1}$ in pot based on the results from the Ge treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2005

The use of blankets to preserve heat in oriental melon cultivation is a common practise without artificial heating and warming systems. Efficiency of blanket decreased with annually usage. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of double layer nonwoven fabrics on heat conservation, plant growth, fruit quality and yield of oriental melon in greenhouse. The results were compared among the non-woven fabrics of 9+3, 6+6, 6+3 and 12 ounce from transplanting to April 20, 2001, 2002. Night temperature within tunnel was high at 9+3, 6+6, 6+3 and 12 ounce in order. In plant growth, stem length, leaf numbers and exudate, under double layer nonwoven fabrics were better than single layer blanket of 12 ounce especially, 9+3 double layer blanket was the best. Fruit weight, flesh thickness, soluble solid and marketable yield rate remained same in all treatments. Fermented fruit rate was the highest in 12 ounce as $32.9\%,\;19.6\%\;under\;9+3,\;17.1\%\;under\;6+6,\;16.6\%$ under 6+3 double layer nonwoven fabric, respectively. Compared to 2,260kg yield per 10a of 12 ounce single layer nonwoven fabrics, $7\%$ was increased under 9+3 but $3\%\;and\;13\%$ were decreased under 6+6 and 6+3 double layer nonwoven fabrics, respectively. Compared to income, 4,499-thousand-won per 10a, of 12 ounce single layer blanket, $13\%\;and\;3$ were increased under 9+3 and 6+6 double layer nonwoven fabrics, respectively. Whereas, $10\%$ decreased under 6+3 double layer nonwoven fabrics. From this results it is evident that 9+3 double layer nonwoven fabrics was the best for thermokeeping, fruit quality, and was most economic under non heating system.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2007

One-node stem pieces ca. 1 cm in length containing a axillary bud and a fully expanded leaf were obtained from it in vitro plants of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Leaves were removed and the nodes were cultured on the MS medium to investigate the effects of temperature, day length, sucrose, and CCC in microtuber formation and development. The fresh weight of microtubers after 80 days increased significantly at 8% sucrose and $20^{\circ}C$ compared with $28^{\circ}C$. The tuberization and development were reduced at $28^{\circ}C$ except short-day treatment of 8 hours at 8% sucrose. The fresh weight and diameter were increased on the culture medium added CCC 500 mg/L. The potato tuberization was promoted under short daylength, and it showed great effect by treatment with the CCC. Though the tuberization was promoted at low temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ in a histologic change of an axillary bud part cell of a potato, the cells were able to observe the swelling growth. Swelling growth of tissue was stimulated in the darkness and was more remarkable by addition of CCC. In particular, in the visual ratio of cell division for each position in the tissue, the cortex part showed larger ratio of cell expansion than that of the pith part. The effect of CCC was identified at 8% sucrose in the darkness. The effect of CCC was not showed in sucrose 3% under long daylength of 16 hours. As a result, the fact of a substance with AGPase important for starch composition was certified by the result with the inclose of AGPase activity on high concentration of sucrose, CCC, and dark treatment by which tuber formation and development are promoted.