Effects of Concentrated Pig Slurry Using Membrane Filter on the Growth and Yield of Tomato in Nutriculture

막분리 돈분뇨 농축액비를 이용한 양액재배가 토마토의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry using membrane filter on growth of tomato in nutriculture. Pig slurry was filtered by ultra filtration and concentrated by reverse osmosis process. Filtration of pig slurry was necessary to prevent the hose clogging in nutriculture. The concentrated pig slurry (CS) and nutrient solution (NS) were mixed by six different mixing ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40%, 80: 20 and 100%:0% based on nitrogen content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of tomato. The concentration of nutrient solution was adjusted a range of $1.6{\sim}2.0mS/cm$ in EC. The plant height of tomato treated with CS 20+NS 80% was similar with NS 100% control plot. Plant height was highest in the plot of CS 20+NS 80%. The treatment of 100% concentrated pig slurry was lowest in the gowth characteristics of tomato. Number of cluster was very lower in 100% concentrated pig slurry compared with plot of chemical nutrient solution. In the beginning of growth stage, SPAD reading value was reduced in plot treated with CS 100%, but CS 20+NS 80% plot was higher compared to 100% concentrated pig slurry. SPAD value of tomato leaves was decreased as the amount of CS was increased. The SPAD value also in treatment of concentrated pig slurry was lower in the middle growth stage compared to control plot. The dry weight of stem and leaf were 107.4, 104.2g in plot of NS 100% and CS 20%+NS 80%, respectively. The fruit number and weight were decreased at high application plots of concentrated pig slurry, The fruit setting of tomato showed lowest in the plot treated with 100% concentrated pig slurry, and the growth of tomato severely decreased after application of 100% CS treatment. In conclusion, the growth characteristics such as plant height and fruit weight of tomato were not significantly different between the plots treated with mixture of 20% CS +80%NS and 100% nutrient solution treatment. In conclusion, the mixture solution of 20% of concentrated pig slurry and 80% of nutrient solution could be used as a nutrition solution of tomato nuticulture.

본 연구는 양돈농가의 막분리 처리과정에서 U/F막을 통과하고 R/O 처리에서 역류되어 나오는 돈슬러리 농축액비를 제조한 후 농축액비와 양액의 혼합처리가 토마토 생육에 미치는 영향를 검토하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 연구는 하우스 토마토의 양액재배에서 질소함량을 기준으로 농축액비와 양액의 혼합하는 처리구를 두었다. 처리구는 농축액비 단독처리구(CS 100%), 농축액비 80%+양액 20% 혼합처리구(CS 80%+NS 20%), 농축액비 60%+양액 40% 혼합처리구(CS 60%+NS 40%), 농축액비 40%+양액 60% 혼합처리구(CS 40%+NS 60%), 농축액비 20%+양액 80% 혼합처리구(CS 20%+NS 80%), 양액 100% 단독처리구(NS 100%) 등 6개 처리구를 두었다. 농축액비와 양액혼합처리 후 전기전도도와 pH를 조정하여 토마토의 양액재배를 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 농축액비는 UF/RO 막 분리 공정을 통하여 SS(suspended solid)의 수치가 15.2로 하우스 양액 재배시 막힘 문제가 없었다. 가축분뇨 농축액비는 질소 및 다양한 식물양분은 함유하여 하우스 추비용 액비로 적합하였으나 질소와 칼륨 함량은 높으나 인산 함량은 낮고 무기태질소 중 $NH_4$ 함량은 높으나 $NO_3$ 함량은 낮은 이화학적 성상을 나타내었다. 2. 막처리 농축액비는 칼리 함량이 상대적으로 높고 질소, 인산 함량이 낮아 농축액비 100% 처리구는 양분의 불균형을 초래하여 양액재배에서 토마토의 지상부의 생육이 지연되고 과중이 감소되었다. 그러나 농축액비 20%+양액 80% 혼합시용구는 대조구인 표준양액과 대등한 토마토 과실 수량를 나타내었다. 따라서 막분리 농축액비 20%에 양액 비료성분을 80% 첨가하여 혼합용액을 조제하면 토마토 양액재배로 활용이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.