• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1409-1423
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• 2018

Compared with classical linear controllers, a nonlinear controller can result in better control performance for the nonlinear uncertainties of continuously variable transmission (CVT) systems that are driven by a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). Improved control performance can be seen in the nonlinear uncertainties behavior of CVT systems by using the proposed mingled revised recurrent Hermite polynomial neural network (MRRHPNN) control with mend ant colony optimization (ACO). The MRRHPNN control with mend ACO can carry out the overlooker control system, reformed recurrent Hermite polynomial neural network (RRHPNN) control with an adaptive law, and reimbursed control with an appraised law. Additionally, in accordance with the Lyapunov stability theorem, the adaptive law in the RRHPNN and the appraised law of the reimbursed control are established. Furthermore, to help improve convergence and to obtain better learning performance, the mend ACO is utilized for adjusting the two varied learning rates of the two parameters in the RRHPNN. Finally, comparative examples are illustrated by experimental results to confirm that the proposed control system can achieve better control performance.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.30
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• pp.27-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify key obstacles to the adoption of electronic bill of lading and to suggest an effective way to promote the utilization of electronic bill of lading in international trade field. This study finds that all the respondants have not used 'true' electronic bill of lading that is issued and distributed electronically, and most of them agreed the needs of e-B/L adoption, but their intentions to adopt e-B/L remain very low in the present situation. Five obstacles to the adoption of e-B/L were derived from an explanatory factor analysis: 'integration' factor, 'law institution' factor, 'usability' factor, 'economic efficiency' factor, and 'security' factor. Solutions to promote the utilization of e-B/L in international trade field are as follows; Firstly, to endow e-B/L with the legal force through amending relevant laws including the commercial law. Secondly, to conclude the relevant international agreement, and to carry out joint projects between nations are needed. Thirdly, to conduct publicity campaigns is required to increase the understanding of the concepts and benefits of e-B/L to all concerned parties. Fourthly, stable and reliable system must be constructed with high level security. Fifthly, to readjust the service fee of e-B/L system to a realistic level is to be needed in order for user companies to use e-B/L service.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.39-70
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• 2004

On the above, character of Incoterms and CISG, applicability of Incoterms to the principles of interpretation of CISG for contracts terms, and to the regulations of delivery and payment of price in connection with applicability of Incoterms to CISG are discussed. Conclusions are as follows : Although both rules is regulations which have to understand in connection with int'l trades of goods but CISG is a comprehensive substantive law in connection with a whole dealing course. On the other hand Incoterms are detailed substantive law of performance for two important sphere, that is to say, delivery and payment in the field of performance of CISG. According to both rules, letter credit is realizing processes of detailed performance for delivery and payment. As professor of Honnold's opinion, the relationship between Incoterms and CISG is peculiar and complementary. Therefore instead of considering the both from a point of pure legal views which both rules raise many problems that still a wait well consolidated and acknowledged answers, we have th consider the both with L/C system that still constitute a main payment system. Particularly ICC and Uncitral know that they are not only directly and indirectly involved in regulating process of the both sets but also can apply Incoterms to CISG on connection with the use of L/C.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.339-361
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• 2009

Librarian certification and creditable library education in Korea are defined by law(s). The law(s) has continuously been amended or reformed to meet the changes in society as well as library surroundings to date. This research investigates and analyses the evolving traces of librarian certification and creditable library education law(s), and summaries them as following: first, the trend in the changes is reviewed, second, whether the conditions to grant librarian certificates reflected on the laws have influenced the quality or professional capability of the librarians is probed, finally, problems of current librarian certification and creditable library education are elicited, and desirable future directions are suggested.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.91-112
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• 2018

Mediation is one of several alternatives to litigation or arbitration. It is the most informal of the alternatives and the only one that gives the parties control over the outcome. The mediator in mediation is there to help the parties persuade each other that it is in their best interests to settle. As several advantages of mediation, it is considered as the fastest way to resolve a dispute because procedures associated with litigation are not imported into the process. In mediation, the client's resources are focused on resolving the dispute as opposed to building armaments of evidence to buttress legal and factual positions. The AAA commercial mediation rules and operations in the USA are very successful owing to professional training for mediators and simple procedures for mediation to the public. Comparison with USA mediation, KCAB mediation system has several weak points. KCAB mainly deals with administrative matters related to Foreign Trade Law. Therefore, it is necessary for KCAB to come up with more improved international commercial mediation. For example, mediation should be promoted to the public as who easily rely on litigation or arbitration. Second, Setting a rule for easy access to mediation is needed by bench marking AAA's mediation guidelines and operations. Third, professional mediators should be developed by establishing relevant ADR course in law schools. This article investigated some differences of mediation system between KCAB in Korea and AAA in USA, and present some suggestions in order to promote International commercial mediation in KCAB.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2018

In order to establish mainstreaming of climate change adaptation in policy, plan, program or project, we set up three kinds of implementation methods. The first is preparation of new law(tentatively called "Act on Climate Change Response") and independent implementation, the second is preparation of new law and two kinds of implementation in existing Environmental Impact Assessment system, and the third is integrated assessment in Environmental Impact Assessment system without new legal base. And we analyzed merits and demerits of suggested schemes, and specific contents of each method. Furthermore, we suggested overview of contents of new law and revised Environmental Impact Assessment law and related regulations.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.85-117
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• 2018

This paper discusses the development of labor law in Indonesia after the 1998 reformasi. The end of the authoritarian regime and the subsequent introduction of democratic institutions in the country have opened up new spaces to restructure labor relations. The government promulgated a set of new labor laws that has brought tremendous changes to the employment system and the system of labor disputes settlement. In the face of the challenges these changes have created, labor unions are using alternative means to defend their members' interests. This paper shows how labor law reform has set a new social contract between the government, employer associations, and the labor movement.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.413-420
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• 2022

The review of known methods and decision support systems regarding the possibility of using the reproductive technologies showed that currently there are no methods and decision support systems regarding the possibility of using reproductive technologies taking into account civil law. Although the analyzed methods and systems have great potential for use in different contexts, these methods and systems do not take into account the civil law requirements of any country. The paper has developed a decision support system regarding the possibility of using the reproductive technologies taking into account civil law, which automatically and free of charge determines the possibility/impossibility of surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization. If it is determined that surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization is impossible, the sufficiency of the information in the analyzed contract is evaluated, and the reasons for the impossibility of surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization are presented to the user.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the Act is to comprehensively consider the legislative notice of the Enforcement Decree of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act for each important issue in terms of system, content, and execution. Methods: We examine the legislative notice of the Enforcement Decree of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act in-depth from the perspective of the effectiveness of disaster prevention, consistency of the legal system, and harmony with legal principles. Results: The proposed Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Punishment of Serious Accidents hardly resolves the uncertainties of the law, and there are many aspects that are unclear in the enforcement ordinance itself and that do not comply with constitutional principles. As a result, it is judged that it is difficult to for it to serve as an accident prevention standard due to its low predictability and that it will be difficult to achieve effectiveness in accident prevention. Conclusions: Ultimately, the law itself should be extensively reorganized in order to ensure universal and sufficient effectiveness, including the abolition of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act. In the short term, even the Enforcement Decree of the Act should be reorganized and supplemented in accordance with the law and safety principles.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.630-642
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a direct model reference adaptive fuzzy control (MRAFC) for MIMO nonlinear systems whose structure is represented by the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. The adaptive law of the MRAFC estimates the approximation error of the fuzzy logic system so that it provides asymptotic tracking of the reference signal for the systems with uncertain or slowly time-varying parameters. The developed control law and adaptive law guarantee the boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system. In addition, the plant state tracks the state of the reference model asymptotically with time for any bounded reference input signal. To verify the validity and effectiveness of the MRAFC scheme, the suggested analysis and design techniques are applied to the tracking control of robot manipulator and simulation studies are carried out. In the control design, the MRAFC is combined with feedforward PD control to make the actual joint trajectories of the robot manipulator with system uncertainties track the desired reference joint position trajectories asymptotically stably.