• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.99-113
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• 1996

Taurine, a ${\beta}$-amino acid, plays an important role as a neuromodulator and is necessary for the normal development of the brain. Since de novo synthesis of taurine in the brain is minimal and in vivo studies suggest that taurine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is likely to play a role in taurine transport between the central nervous system and the systemic circulation. Therefore, we examined in vivo elimination of taurine from the CSF in the rat to characterize in vivo kinetics of elimination for taurine from the CSF is consistent with the in vitro study. Using a stereotaxic device, cannulaes were placed into the lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna of the rat. Radio-labelled taurine and inulin (a marker of CSF flow) were injected into the lateral ventricle, and the concentrations of the labelled compounds in the CSF were monitored for up to 3 hrs in the cisterna magna. The apparent clearance of taurine from CSF was greater than the estimated CSF flow (p<0.005), indicating that there is a clearance process in addition to the CSF flow. Taurine distribution into the choroid plexus was at least 10 fold higher than that found in other brain areas (e.g., cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex). When unlabelled taurine was co-administered with radio-labelled taurine, the apparent clearance of the labeled taurine was reduced (p<0.01), suggesting a saturable disposition of taurine from CSF. Distribution of taurine into the choroid plexus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex was similarly diminished, indicating that the saturable uptake of taurine into these tissues is responsible for the non-linear disposition. A pharmacokinetic model involving first order elimination and saturable distribution described these data adequately. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant estimated from in vivo elimination study is similar to that obtained in the in vitro uptake experiment Collectively, our results demonstrate that taurine is transported in the choroid plexus via a taurine is cleared from the CSF via a saturable process. This process may be functionally relevant to taurine homeostasis in the brain.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is to present a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination required in laboratory process and see if the value can be used for actual laboratory process. Methods: In order to find out a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination, this study made a study model of normal occlusion of 21 females in twenties. The clinical crown angulation and inclination of both six-maxillary and six-mandibular anterior teeth are measured by Set-up Model Checker. From the measured value above, the mean and standard deviation of the twelve teeth are obtained, and then the mean of the teeth between right and left side is calculated. Results: Each clinical crown angulation of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $1.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, $3.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, and $5.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.6^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, $1.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, and $4.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$. Each clinical crown inclination of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $6.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, $4.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.9^{\circ}$, and $-6.2^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.5^{\circ}$, $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, and $-7.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$. Conclusion: As the result, the mean value for clinical crown angulation and inclination can be referred to actual laboratory process. However, the mean value is different from those of the precedent study and an unsatisfied one for adopting the standard value.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

Many LCD manufacturers continue to develop the technologies of LCD manufacturing processes for the reduction of production cost, power consumption and high-resolution. The LTPS (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon) crystallization technology is important for rearranging the internal structure of liquid crystal grain by adding certain energy to amorphous silicon and turning it into poly-silicon in order to manufacture LCD with better performance. We consider 14 existing technologies of LTPS crystallization in the LCD manufacturing and present an intelligent analysis methodology using patent map and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis for determining an optimal LTPS crystallization technology. By using patent map analysis, we easily understand the development process and mega-trend of LTPS crystallization technologies and their relationship. By using AHP analysis, we evaluate 14 LTPS technologies. Through the use of proposed methodology, we determine the Continuous Wave Laser Lateral Crystallization technology as an optimal one.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2002

The silylated photoresist etch process was tested by enhanced-ICP. The comparison of the two process results of micro pattern etching with $0.35\mu\textrm{m}$ CD by E-ICP and ICP reveals that I-ICP has bettor quality than ICP. The etch rate and the RIE lag effect was improved in E-ICP. Especially, the problem of the lateral etch was improved in E-ICP.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.285-289
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• 1996

The styloid process is normally a small, slender, pointed, downward and forward projection of the temporal bone. It is developed from the ossification of the Reichert's cartilage of the second branchial arch. In the adult, It is about 2.5cm in length and lies between the internal and external carotid arteries and lateral to the tonsillar fossa. Elongation of the styloid process , ossification of the stylohyoid or slylomandibular ligament causes recurrent nonspecific throat discomfort, foreign-body sensation, dysphagia, referred otalgia or facial pain. Symptoms are provoked by swallowing, turning head, carotid compression, and posttonsillectomy. Recently, the authors have experienced two cases of Eagle's syndrome. So we report them with review of literature.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2005

For creation of low temperature polycrystallinesilicon (LTPS) the line beam excimer laser annealing (ELA) is a well known and established technique in mass production. With introduction of Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) some aspects such as crystalline quality, throughput and flexibility regarding the substrate size could be improved, but for OLED manufacturing still further process development is necessary. This paper discusses line beam ELA and SLS techniques that might enable process engineers to make polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) films with a high degree of uniformity and quality as required for system on glass (SOG) and active matrix organic light emitting displays (AMOLED). Equipment requirements are discussed and compared to previous standards. SEM images of process examples are shown in order to demonstrate the viability.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.245-247
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• 2003

We have previously shown that single-crystal Si regions on glass substrates can be obtained by crystallizing as-deposited a-Si films using a specific version of the SLS process, referred to as dot-SLS Such single-crystal islands can, for instance, be used for manufacturing of high-performance TFTs that are expected to become increasingly more relevant in the future. In this paper, we demonstrate that the dot-SLS process can be implemented using a continuous-scan SLS scheme that enables the attainment of high crystallization rates that are desired for industrial applications. We will furthermore report on recent experimental findings regarding the nature of the defects that can be created during the process.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

Due to the heat confinement in the shallow region of the target for a short time scale, pulsed laser annealing has received an increasing interest for the fabrication of poly-Si thin film transistors(TFTs) on glass as a low cost substrate in the flat panel displays. The formation and growth mechanisms of poly silicon(poly-Si) grains in thin films are investigated using an excimer laser crystallization system. To understand the crystallization mechanism, the grain formations are observed by FESEM photography. The optical reflectance and transmittance during the crystallization process are measured using HeNe laser optics. A two-step ELC(Excimer Laser Crystallization) process is applied to enhance the grain formation uniformity.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.171-177
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• 1995

Fracture mechanics does work for concrete, provided that one uses a proper, nonlinear form of fracture mechanics in which a finite nonlinear zone at fracture front is being considered. The fracture process zone is a region ahead of a traction-free crack, and the development of model of fracture process zone is most important to describe fracture phenomena in concrete. This paper is about fracture behavior of concrete cylinder under lateral pressure. Concrete cylinders were made of high strength normal connote, steel fiber reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced polymer-impregnated concrete and concrete and the fracture behavior such as cracking propagation and ultimate load are observed. The fracture process zone is modelled by a Dugdale-Barenblatt type model with linear tension-softening curve and are implemented to the boundary element technique for the fracture analyses of the cylinders. The experimental results are compared with analysis results and tension-softening curves for the steel fiber reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced polymer-impregnated concrete are obtained by back analyses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.119-122
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• 1983

Paravertebral anesthesia for operation of abdominal wall in Korean cattle were effectively accomplished with the following technique. Any problems in surgical procedure were not observed under the block of ventral branches of the last thoracic nerve and the first and second lumbar nerves with the administration of preanesthetic. The site of injection for blocking of ventral branches of the thirteenth thoracic nerve were approximately 5cm lateral to the midline from the posterior edge of spinous process of the 13th thoracic vertebra and about 10ml of local anesthetic was injected immediately anterior to the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra through thin site. The block of ventral branches of the first and second lumbar nerves were obtained by injecting 10ml of local anesthetic immediately below the posterior edge of transverse process of the 2nd and 4th lumbar vertebra, respectively.