• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2008

The effects of paper properties such as density, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate on the thermal performance of plate-type enthalpy exchanger were experimentally investigated. Papers having different properties were made from the same pulp by calendering or refining. Enthalpy exchanger samples were made from the papers, and were tested according to the standard test procedure (KS B 6879). Effective efficiencies were obtained, which accounted for the air leakage between supply and exhaust streams. Results showed that paper density affected the sensible heat transfer of the samples. Sensible heat transfer increased with density of the paper. It was also shown that effective efficiency of latent heat transfer was approximately the same independent of the samples, which suggests that papers made of the same pulp show similar water vapor transmission characteristics independent of the degree of calendering or refining. Best performance was obtained for the sample having highest paper density and moderate water vapor transmission ratio.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

In general, the protection method of Shell and Tube Type heat exchanger for a vessel has been applied as a sacrificial anode, which is attached at the inner side of the shell. However, this is an insufficient protection method for tube. Therefore, a more suitable method, such as the impressed current cathodic protection for tube protection, is required. Al-brass is the raw material of tubes for heat exchanger of a vessel where seawater is used for cooling the water. It has a high level of heat conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and a high level of corrosion resistance, due to a cuprous oxide (Cu$_2$O) layer against th seawater. However, in actuality, it has been reported that Al-brass tubes for heat exchanger of a vessel can produce local corrosion, such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This paper studied the effect of impressed potential on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-brass for impressed current cathodic protection in 3.5% NaCl +0.1% NH$_4$OH solution, under flow by a constant displacement tester. Based on the test results, the latent time of SCC, stress corrosion crack propagation, and the dezincification phase of Al-brass are investigated.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

Hot air heater with light oil burner is the most common heater for greenhouse heating in the winter season in Korea. However, since the thermal efficiency of the heater is about 80∼85%, considerable unused heat amount in the form of exhaust gas heat discharges to atmosphere. In order to capture this exhaust heat a heat recovery system for plant bed heating in the greenhouse was built and tested in the hot air heating system of greenhouse. The heat recovery system is made for plant bed or soil heating in the greenhouse. The system consisted of a heat exchanger made of copper pipes, ${\Phi}12.7{\times}0.7t$ located in the rectangular column of $330{\times}330{\times}900mm$, a water circulation pump, circulation plastic pipe and a water tank. The total heat exchanger area is 1.5$m^2$, calculated considering the heat exchange amount between flue gas and water circulated in the copper pipes. The system was attached to the exhaust gas path. The heat recovery system was designed as to even recapture the latent heat of flue gas when exposing to low temperature water in the heat exchanger. According to the performance test it could recover 45,200 to 51,000kJ/hr depending on the water circulation rates of 330 to $690\ell$/hr from the waste heat discharged. The exhaust gas temperature left the heat exchanger dropped to $100^{\circ}C$ from $270^{\circ}C$ by the heat exchange between the water and the flue gas, while water gained the difference and temperature increased to $38^{\circ}C$ from $21^{\circ}C$ at the water flow rate of $690\ell$/hr. By the feasibility test conducted in the greenhouse, the system did not encounter any difficulty in operations. And, the system could recover 220,235kJ of exhaust gas heat in a day, which is equivalent of 34% of the fuel consumption by the water boiler for plant bed heating of 0.2ha in the greenhouse.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2003

The effect of temperature on stress corrosion cracking o f Al-brass used in vessel heat exchanger tube was studied in 3.5% NaCI + 0.1% $NH_4OH$ solution. The SCC test using a CDT(constant displacement test) and the specimens using a SEN(single edge notched) specimens. For setting the environment similar to working environment of a heat exchanger, the specimens was immersed in solution and solution flow onto the specimens were performed. The results are as follows : The latent time of stress corrosion crack occurrence gets shorter, as the temperature gets higher. Dezincification phase showed around the crack occupy wider range, as the temperature gets higher. Zn composition falls under 4% at the dezincifiction area.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

Cooling towers are widely used not only for cooling products and equipment in manufacturing process but HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system. As a cooling tower is the terminal apparatus which discharges heat from industrial process, the efficiency of heat exchange in the cooling tower greatly affects to the overall performance of a thermal system. In this paper, we constituted a new water cooling system by using a Latent heat of evaporation in an enclosed tank, and this system is consisted of an enclosed vacuum tank and water driven ejector system. Several experimental cases were carried out for improvement methods of high vacuum pressure and water cooling characteristics. The ejector performance was tested in case of water temperature variations that flows into the ejector. Based on the vacuum pressure by water driven ejector, the water cooling characteristics were investigated for the vaporized air condensing effects.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-89
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• 1997

동적형(Dynamic type) 빙축열시스템의 빙축열조에서 단열조건과 비단열조건인 경우 각각 얼음충진율(Ice Packing Factor), 분산유체의 온도 및 유량의 변화에 따른 실험을 수행하였다. 실험시간이 경과함에 따라 빙축열조의 수직방향으로 온도성층화가 나타났으며 분산유체의 유입온도가 높고 유입유량이 많을수록 상부영역에서 온도분포는 크게 변화하였고 온도성층화에 도달하는 시간도 단축되었다. 또한 얼음충진율이 작은 경우가 온도성층화를 이루는 시간이 짧았고 상하부 온도차가 급격히 커진 것 알 수 있었다. 그리고 단열의 경우가 비단열의 경우보다 모든 조건하에서 조금 높은 온도분포를 나타내었으며 온도성층화에 소요되는 시간도 조금 단축되었다. 빙축열조내의 수직방향의 평균온도 상승은 얼음충진율이 낮고 유량이 많을수록 커졌으며 총방열에너지에 대한 잠열에너지의 비($E_{\lambda}/E_[tot}$)는 약 80%정도로 나타났다. 또한 유입온도가 높고 유량이 많을수록 잠열에너지의 방출이 빨리 나타났다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.749-754
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• 2006

This study performed of a water cooling system by using a steam ejector and jet condenser to drop the temperature of the water in aquafarm by about $5^{\circ}C$ from $25^{\circ}C$ or higher in this research, to replace the present water cooling system, Ive focused on a water cooling system operated by latent heat of evaporation, thus this system needs a vacuum pressure to evaporate the water in enclosed tank. The water cooling effects are dependent on the vacuum pressure in the enclosed tank, and the cooling water is generated by evaporation. As the experimental results, the absolute vacuum pressure obtained was about $5{\sim}8mmHg$ using a steam driven ejector with jet condenser in experiments. The obtained results are respectively ${\Delta}T=7^{\circ}C$, ${\Delta}T=5^{\circ}C$ and ${\Delta}T=5.5^{\circ}C$ at heat exchanger flow rate 4L/M. The obtained results are respectively ${\Delta}T=5.5^{\circ}C$, ${\Delta}T=5.5^{\circ}C$ and ${\Delta}T=5.5^{\circ}C$ at heat exchanger flow rate 4.5L/M.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2001

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the heat trensfer characteristic of micro pipe (MHP) array with 38 triangular microgrooves. A heat pipe is an effective heat exchanger operating without external power. The heat pipe transfers heat by means of the latent heat of vaporization and two-phase fluid flow driven by the capillary force. The overall size of the MHP array can be put undermeath a microelectonic die and integrated into the electrronic package of a microelectronin device to dissipate the heat from the die. The MHP array is fabricated by micromachining with a silicon wafer and a glass substrate. The MHP was filled with water and sealed. The experimental results show the temperature decrease of 12.1$^{\circ}C$ at the evaporator section for the input power of 5.9 W and the improvement of 28% in the heat transfer rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2010

전열교환 엘리먼트는 열회수형 환기유닛의 핵심부품으로, 외기와 실내공기의 열 및 수분교환이 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 전열교환 엘리먼트에 대하여 외기의 온 습도 변화가 전열교환 엘리먼트의 성능에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 전열교환 엘리먼트를 통과 하는 공기 유량, 입 출구의 건 습구 온도를 정밀하게 측정할 수 있는 실험장치를 특별히 제작하였고, 항온항습실내에서 외기의 상대습도 또는 절대습도를 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과는 현열전달 유용도과 잠열전달 유용도으로 평가되는데 잠열 전달 유용도는 외기의 상대습도의 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 절대습도의 변화에는 거의 무관하게 냐타났다. 한편 현열 교환 유용도는 외기의 온도 및 습도 변화에 무관하게 일정하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2003

The heat and mass transfer on two kinds of tube surfaces (bare stainless steel tube and Teflon coated tube) in steam-air mixture flow are experimentally studied to obtain design data for the heat exchanger of the latent heat recovery from flue gas. In the test section, 3-tubes are horizontally installed, and steam-air mixture is vertically flowed from the top to the bottom. The pitch between tubes is 67mm, the out-diameter of tube is 25.4mm, and the thickness is 1.2mm ; blockage factor (cross sectional tube area over the cross sectional area of the test section) is about 0.38. All of sensors and measurement systems (RTD, pressure sensor, flow-meter, relative humidity sensor, etc.) are calibrated with certificated standard sensors and the uncertainty for the heat transfer measurement is surveyed to have the uncertainty within 7%. As experimental results, overall heat transfer coefficient of the Teflon (FEP) coated tube is degraded about 20% compared to bare stainless tube. The degradation of overall heat transfer coefficient of Teflon coated tube comes from the additional heat transfer resistance due to Teflon coating. Its magnitude of heat transfer resistance is comparable to the in-tube heat transfer resistance. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers on Teflon (FEP) coated surface and bare stainless steel surface are discussed in detail with the contact angles of the condensate.