• World Technopolis Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2014

The paper deals with the emergence of creative industries in Germany in the last decade and points out the recent development of creative industries at examples from different sub-segments. Recent national and regional policies are reflected and the importance of creative industries in relation to other economic branches will be discussed. Key factors for the development of creative industries are highlighted based on a literature review and a compilation of several empirical research studies. The paper points out the role of Science & Technology Parks for the development and further development of creative industries, based on German experiences. Finally, the conclusion deals with some ideas to facilitate the impact of Science and Technology Parks on creative industries in Germany.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.52-55
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• 2002

The development of environment-friendly Energy Resources (New Renewable Energy Resources) is one of the global topics these days, considering CO2 Reduction Agreement by Kyoto Protect and the limit of Conventional Energy Resources in near future. Among the New Renewable Energy, Wind Energy is the most feasible Renewable Energy in view of economical and technical aspect at this moment. Last 10 years the Wind Energy Development was really dramatical in Europe. especially in Germany, Denmark and Spain. In this circumstance World Wind Energy Conference was held in Berlin Germany, in order to review the present status and future development of the Wind Energy. This report is a brief report of the Conference .

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2001

In the last couple of years service management has gained more and more momentum in the research community. Nowadays, as complexity of IT-services is increasing, these services are usually composed of interdependent, layered services hosted by various providers. Therefore, a strong cooperation of providers involved in service provisioning is needed, especially regarding their management processes and systems. One important step is to establish a common understanding about service-related terms in order to be able to specify service functionality and the resulting management tasks. Additionally, means to analyze and identify the necessary actors and the corresponding inter- and intra-organizational relationships are needed. This paper presents an extended version of the MNM service model which provides a generic model defining commonly needed service-related terms, concepts and structuring rules in a general and unambiguous way. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the MNM service model by modeling a riser help desk service based on a concrete scenario. The experience gained from modeling is used to discuss the benefits of service modeling in general.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 2003

This paper compares the environmental economic performance of the South Korean and the German economy during the last decade. The analysis is based on comparable data from the Environmental Economic Accounts (EEA). The EEA is a satellite account to the National Accounts which enhances the conventional economic accounts by a description of the interactions between the economy and the environment. The data from the EEA and the national accounts are fully compatible. In absolute terms the environmental pressures caused by economic activities were with regards to the environmental factors used for the analysis generally lower in South Korea than in Germany. If the use of environmental factors is related to each country's gross domestic product (environmental productivities) a lower level of environmental productivity can be observed for most of the environmental factors in South Korea compared to Germany. For example in 1999 energy and $CO_2$ productivity were about two fifths of the German level. This corresponds to the relation regarding labour productivity (Gross domestic product per employment).

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This paper is to examine the trends and structures of unemployment as well as its spatial patterns in Germany. Germany once achieved a well-developed employment system and full employment. Since 1970, however, unemployment has been one of the major issues in Germany. During the last three decades the unemployment rate has risen to unprecedented levels and stayed high. After the German unification, especially, labor market is characterized by the mass unemployment and the structural selective process of unemployment to be imposed on German workers. And regarding to the spatial patterns of massive unemployment, this study shows critical disparities between South and North Germany being overlapped with new disparities between East and West Germany. We can explain the regional differentiation of unemployment on the base of typical mismatch of labour market allocation. It is also shown that massive unemployment is related not only to policy shifts in labor market but also to structural transformation after the unification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2011

In this study, the change of critical elements of the design evaluation was investigated during two decades at the architectural competition which was held nationwide in Germany. Specifically, the periods of investigation span both from July 1989 to June 1990 and from July 2009 to June 2010. The results of the analysis show that the cost of construction, the maintenance cost, the design of facade and the energy conservation are being magnified for the new important elements. The images of buildings and the economic aspects are meant to be high. The frequency of the critical elements for interior spaces is approximately two times more important than those for the forms and outdoor spaces. Overall, many juries of the architectural competition in Germany were interested in the elements for interior spaces. The field of function accounts for roughly the half of four basic architectural fields such as function, others, aesthetic and construction fields. The critical elements are required persistently such as context, Circulation, organization of space, form, landscape and outdoor space design, arrangement of building, cost of construction, function, design of facade, location of main entrance. These items are regarded as the most important elements of the design evaluation at the competition. Knowing the change of critical elements of the design evaluation, we can understand the trend of architecture in Germany. The results of this study can be applied in Korea to develop the critical elements of design.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-126
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• 2002

We, Korean, still remember the moment that we got so excited due to the expectation of unification between North and South Korea which turned to be failure when Kim, Il-Sung passed away in 1994. However, the recent close relationship between two Koreas has shown the remarkable improvement, and North Korea seems to be ready to expose itself to the western capitalism. The special economy zone in Sinewuiju is one of the examples showing the gradual change in N. Korea. This political change has made possible the cultural exchanges between two countries, which is similar to the process of German unification. It is absolutely necessary to learn from the previous experience happened during the German unification. We, then, need to realize how the Germany managed the problems aroused by unification Especially, the matter in integrating two different public library systems in East and West Germany is treated as a major concern through the paper. The method Germany applied on integrating two different systems was to dissolve the one in East and let it be absorbed by the one in West even the public library system in East German was known as a well-organized network. Therefore, this paper shows the process of the development of East German public library and harmonization of two different public library systems.

• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Social housing has a long history in Germany from the first still existing social housing ever, the "Fuggerei" in Augsburg (founded in 1521), over the last 100 years from the end of World War I to today's situation where the need in social housing has increased while the number of housing projects and the number of existing apartments in this program has decreased or ended. Socio-economic changes like demographic evolution, more single households, greater working abilities in bigger cities and an unforeseen highly increased number of migrants within Europe mostly but also from other countries led to the need of affordable housing for a growing number of people who are not able to care for their housing needs in their own responsibility. This is especially true for bigger cities, where the offer of affordable housing is nearly non-existing any more. The family Fugger, a trade and banking dynasty at their time, established a very modern housing concept, providing good and healthy living space for their workers. In 2018 now some trade companies, discounters (ALDI, LIDL, Norma) and IKEA announce to combine their interest in sales in the inner cities with the municipal interest of redensification of existing housing areas and conversion to ecological urban reconstructuring.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.17-27
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• 2019

This paper introduces the 5G spectrum auction in Germany that occurred last summer and ended overheatedly after an extraordinarily long period. We describe the context of the latest German spectrum auction and trace the participants' bidding behavior. This case details the trend of the 5G spectrum auction and the factors that affect the spectrum auction as follows: First, it is determined that investment obligations that force network installations can be a financial burden to mobile network operators (MNOs) and require a careful approach. Second, excess demands can cause auction overheating and the spectrum supply volume needs to be determined by a proper demand forecast and investment incentive. Third, 'Set-Aside' for local usage aids in developing the vertical industry; however it limits the spectrum supply for mobiles and leads to higher bidding prices. Fourth, a modified adoption of a typical spectrum auction can alleviate MNO's financial burdens to secure the broadband spectrum. Finally, competition to secure the necessary bandwidth in the situation of limited spectrum supply may delay the process of the spectrum auction, causing it overheated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.699-707
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• 2016

The purpose of this study, including the Korea stock market and neighboring countries markets is seeing a look at the correlation and synchronization phenomenon. For this purpose, which is expected to have an impact on Korea's stock market, selection the United States and China, Japan, Germany on behalf of the European analyzed the data of the last 151 months. Any analysis, Korea market appeared to show a high correlation with the synchronization phenomenon in Germany and the United States. However Korea and Japan exhibited a low correlation. While the US market showed a very high correlation with Germany but showed a low correlation with China. China has been judged by the proprietary market due to a low correlation with the United States and Japan. The Japanese market has been more affected in Germany and the United States than Asian markets. German market is analyzed to influence the US market under the influence of the Asian market.