• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.25-46
• /
• 2014

Since organized living cooperative associations sold their environment-friendly agricultural products directly to independent consumers in the past, the general distribution channels such as wholesalers had difficulty in handling these products. However, the ratio of distribution via wholesale channel has been gradually increased as consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products has expanded. This study is to address vitalization of wholesale distribution for environment-friendly agricultural products by gathering previous statistical data and analysis. In addition, statistical analysis are conducted by utilizing surveys on forwarders, consumers for environment-friendly agricultural products. As a result, the products producers ship are distributed through dealers at producers sites, producers cooperatives, or food process companies, food companies, internet shopping malls, large-scale distribution companies, consumer groups such as living cooperative associations, direct outlets at consumers sites, or exports. Among the channels, the large-scale distribution companies and franchised special shops account for 47%, the general supermarkets 15.7%, and living cooperative associations 14.6% respectively. By utilizing the research results on producers and consumers, and the distribution weight by channels for environment-friendly agricultural products, the distribution channels for living cooperative associations, wholesale markets, and large scale distribution companies are compared and evaluated. As a result, the level of producers' and consumers' satisfaction for them is the lowest since the low selling price for producers and high distribution margins.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2013

Purpose - The competitiveness of small- and medium-sized distribution companies has weakened with the entry of large distribution companies and Super Super Markets (SSMs). These companies have nationwide distribution networks and capital to take over street markets, thereby threatening the very survival of small merchants. In order to help these small- and medium-sized merchants, the government has recently reinforced distribution regulations for large distribution companies. Research design, data, methodology - The purpose of this study is to review domestic and foreign distribution regulations and to provide direction for establishing domestic distribution policies in the future. Results - The government must fully reassess its assistance policy for small and medium distribution companies to enable them to engage in differentiated competition with large retailers, based on their own strengths. This will allow all interested parties to coexist. Conclusions - Government assistance policies for small and medium distributors such as traditional markets must be reorganized. The objective is to ultimately protect small and medium distributors and allow them to coexist on their own strengths, rather than have regulations for large retail stores.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2020

As the COVID-19 outbreak has prolonged, social distancing movements are encouraged and non-face-to-face lifestyle trends are spreading. As a result, it is necessary for general restaurants and small marts to provide delivery services like large-scale distribution companies. Large distribution companies have also suffered significant economic losses from COVID-19 because epidemiological investigations were conducted after the distribution center was closed due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in several large domestic distribution companies. In this thesis, in order to examine whether COVID-19 actually affects distribution companies, we attempt to understand the relationship between the number of confirmed cases per month and the sales share and growth rate by categories of distribution companies.

• Plant Journal
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2010

Necessity to install control towers has been studied to acquire overseas energy resources and to secure funds. At present, domestic energy companies do business independently. Institutions which support plant EPC companies as partners of package deal are separated. This causes the low records at package deal for overseas resources acquisition. Except UK and USA, nations which have major companies developed overseas energy resources early by promoting a large national company. Consequently, they currently have good records. This study suggests the necessities to install integrated control tower for overseas energy resources acquisition and securing funds and the following are the ways ; 1) promote a large national company by consolidation of separate energy companies, 2) install plant EPC promotion department which support private plant EPC companies, 3) make a integrated control tower in high level government office to connect between a large national company and plant EPC promotion department.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2002

In order to prepare effective safety management program, the evaluation of safety management level must be implemented. But research efforts on the safety management in Korea are limited to evaluate large construction companies. This study is initiated with the purpose of understanding safety management system in medium- and small-sized construction companies. The study performed questionnaire survey with 54 large companies, 46 medium- and small-sized ones. Employing 'Management Safety Health Index' of Maekyung Economic Institute, 34 questionnaire items were chosen by 9 associated experts. Based on the questionnaire survey, analyses were performed to compare safety management level between large companies as well as medium- and small-sized ones.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.142-153
• /
• 2007

This paper represents understanding about social responsibility of companies and a survey analysis for factors affecting in outcomes of win-win cooperation between Large Companies and Small-Medium Companies in establishing of supply chain management. For this study, seventeen questionnaires derived from past literature are surveyed and factor analysis are conducted. As the result, five factors are revealed and four factors among them affect effectively on the win-win cooperation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.216-228
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influences of contract foodservice managers' personal characteristics, foodservice characteristics and organizational characteristics on job satisfaction, including interpersonal relationships, self-actualization and promotion opportunity categories. A survey was administered to four hundred contract foodservice managers of five large companies and five small/medium companies in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The final response rate was 66%(N=265), and the data were analyzed using SPSS Windows(ver. 12.0). The respondents were 76.1% female, average age 28.8 years, and 73.0% were regular workers. Contract foodservices have profit and loss contracts(69.1%), single menu types(59.6%) and buffet serving styles(37.7%). There are significant differences of job satisfaction by some personal characteristic variables(gender, martial status, age, education, position, work hours, period of working for the present company, and payroll per year) and foodservice characteristic variables(type of contract and charge of food costs). In three job satisfaction categories, foodservice managers reported the highest interpersonal relationship satisfaction, following self-actualization satisfaction and promotion opportunity satisfaction in both large companies and small/medium companies. However, foodservice managers of large companies tended to be more satisfied regarding their promotion opportunities than foodservice managers of small/medium companies(p<0.05). Work hours, number of meals served/day, male, workload, communication with the clients, relationship with co-workers, obvious role and autonomy were significant factors to increase the job satisfaction in contract foodservices of large companies. On the other hand, relationships with co-workers and males were significant factors to increase the job satisfaction in contract foodservices of small/medium companies. This research suggests that contract foodservice companies need to understand the characteristics of their managers, foodservices and organizations to enhance the job satisfaction of foodservice managers and to develop specified human resource management strategies that can be applied to each company scale.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.905-913
• /
• 2020

Internationalization of multinational companies in the globalized context is a popular topic in the academic world and it is also a strong concern of CEO/managers. However, this topic has not been well discussed in the academic community in Vietnam that can be contextualized in the typical transition economy. This paper is designed to explore critical success factors (CSF) of internationalization of large Vietnamese companies that have contributed major revenue from the international market. Through interviews with CEO/managers of successful companies geared toward world markets, the CSFs of internationalization have been identified and categorized into groups in which each CSF has interaction with each other, and together have combined impacts on the success of internationalization. The research results provide a conceptual framework to analyze factors affecting internationalization of large Vietnamese companies. Thank to this conceptual framework, further exploratory and/or confirmatory research can be developed to locate more success factors of internationalization. In addition, some particularly critical factors of internationalization success of Vietnamese companies are found to be useful to both CEO/managers and policymakers. CEO/managers can benefit from the research results by concentrate their limited efforts/resources in managing these CSFs, and policymaker may design CSF-based policies to boost the internationalization of domestic companies.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2020

Objectives: To provide guidance for agency planning by identifying barriers faced by Korean pharmaceutical companies in global regulatory affairs. Methods: A questionnaire survey on global regulatory affairs was administered by email to personnel at Korean pharmaceutical companies. From a total of 60, 28 responses were collected. Respondents' companies were classified as small-sized or large-sized, based on whether their annual sales amounted to KRW 100 billion. Results: Small-sized companies were experiencing greater difficulties in receiving drug approvals from advanced countries, particularly during the Investigational New Drug (IND) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) processes. Conclusions: Support measures to specifically help small-sized companies enter more advanced markets and further improved global regulatory guidelines that can meet large-sized companies' expectations are needed. Moreover, domestic and global regulatory standards should be harmonized to benefit both groups.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.249-263
• /
• 2012

Recently the open innovation is considered as one of the important issues for the survival strategy of a company in the industry. There have been several researches and practices on this topic. However, previous researches are mainly focused on the study of successful cases and some statistical analyses on the relationship between the open innovation and its performance. There are rare researches on the hindrance factors in the practical level. This paper tries to find some hinderance factors for the open innovation in Korean large-scale companies based on the WFGM(Want-Find-Get-Manage) model proposed by Gene Slowinski(2006). Especially this research focused on each processes of open innovation by in-depth interviews for two representative large companies in Korea. From the result of this research we come to know that the critical hindrance factor in the WANT step is the uncertain definition of the necessary technologies for the company. Issues on establishing and maintaining the innovation network are in the FIND step. Technology evaluation, technology introduction channel and technology copying issues are in the GET step. Communication issues, technology feasibility and lack of competition are in the MANAGE step. This paper finds some hindrance factors in each process step of open innovation, which gives some implications for the companies that want to adopt open innovation.