• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2018

This study retrospectively assessed whether time-lapse data relating to developmental timing and morphology were associated with clinical outcomes, with the eventual goal of using morphokinetic variables to select embryos prospectively for cryopreservation. In this study, we examined the clinical outcomes of single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles that were cultured in a time-lapse incubation system. The morphokinetic variables included uneven pronuclei, an uneven blastomere, multinucleation, and direct, rapid, and irregular division. A total of 164 single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles were analyzed (102 cycles of regularly developed blastocysts and 62 cycles of blastocysts with morphokinetic variables). No significant differences in the age of females or the standard blastocyst morphology were found between these two groups. The regularly developed blastocysts showed significantly higher implantation and clinical pregnancy rates than the blastocysts exhibiting morphokinetic variables (30.4% vs. 9.7% and 37.3% vs. 14.5%, respectively; p< 0.01). The blastocysts that exhibited morphokinetic variables showed different mean development times compared with the regularly developed blastocysts. Although morphokinetic variables are known to have fatal impacts on embryonic development, a considerable number of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. Morphokinetic variables had negative effects on the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles. These findings suggest that blastocysts cultured in a time-lapse incubation system should be considered for selective cryopreservation according to morphokinetic variables.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of desensitizing agents applied on hypersensitive root surface following periodontal treatment. This study included 21 subjects(168 vital teeth). To evaluate dentin sensitivity, three clinical tests(tactile, air stream, cold water) were tried and three different densensitizing agents(MS coat, Elmex gel. Superseal) were individually applied. After application, reassessment was done at 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of dentin sensitivity was measured highly in the sequence of cold water, air stream and tactile and significantly decreased in all four groups with lapse of time(p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between all four groups in the tactile test with lapse of time. 3. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the air stream test with lapse of time. however, one minute later, it was measured highly in the sequence of Superseal, MS coat and Elmex 4. There was no significant difference between three experimental groups in the cold water test with lapse of time. As a result of this study, all of three agents were significantly effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity and these agents could be positively employed to patients complaining of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal treatment.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2009

전기비저항 토모그래피법은 터널 주변의 물성분포나 그 변화를 탐지하는데 매우 효과적인 물리탐사 방법이다. 따라서 전기비저항 토모그래피 영상은 터널의 효과적인 유지관리를 위한 중요한 정보를 제공해 준다. 그러나 공기로 채워진 터널은 토모그래피 자료를 심하게 왜곡시키며, 이러한 현상은 송, 수신점이 터널에 근접할수록 심화된다. 또한 이러한 왜곡은 결과적으로 토모그래피 모니터링 자료의 해석에 오류를 가져오게 된다. 이런 문제점의 해결을 위하여 터널을 포함한 모델링 및 시간경과 역산법을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 사용하여 터널을 고려한 역산법이 기존의 역산법에 비하여 월등히 정밀한 영상을 제공함을 확인하였다. 또한 모니터링 자료에 시간경과 역산을 사용하여 보다 효과적으로 터널주변의 시간에 따른 전기비저항 변화대를 파악할 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1639-1641
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• 1999

This paper deals with the seasonal variation of soil resistivity and the special characteristic for ground rods by lapse of time. The ground resistance was changed by humidity, temperature of earth and earth resistance. In this experiment, we studied the resistivity during the period from June 1995 to May 1996 by the soil and the corrosion of the ground rods. As a result, the soil resistivity during the period are appeared minimum in summer and maximum in winter. The loss in weight of Fe rod appeared higher than Cu, Al, Cu-Zn, and St. In the lapse of time, Fe rod was reduced 1.2 % later two years and 1.95 % later three years in weight. Cu rod was defected oxygens of 14.7 % later two years and 30.3 % later three years by EDX.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2013

최근 한반도의 Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)법에 의한 다중지연시간창(Multiple Lapse Time Window; MLTW)법 해석에서 속도구조보다 진원 깊이의 영향이 훨씬 더 크다는 것이 보고되어, 깊이가 약 10 km에 해당되는 지진 41개와 79 지점의 관측점을 잇는 경로가 330개에 이르는 자료에 대하여 DSMC법을 이용, 이전에 연구된 5가지 속도구조를 재검증하였다. 그 결과, 표층 진원을 가정한 해석적 모델보다 10 km 진원의 DSMC법 적용 균일모델의 잔차가 크게 개선된 반면, 속도구조 모델 간의 잔차값 차이는 비교적 작음을 확인하였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.221-236
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• 1995

In order to investigate the anticonvulsive effect of Jinkyungondamtang, the experiment were performed in mice. After solid exract of Jinkyungondamtang was orally administered to mice, four types of convulsion were induced in mice by electric shock, strychnine, picrotoxin, and caffeine. Each of the time to elicit the convulsion and to die was observed. Results were as follows: 1. In the case of convulsion induced by electric shock, the lapse of the time to elicit convulsion and the time to die were delayed by oral administration of Jinkyungondam-tang(P<0.05, P<0.025). 2. The solid extracts of Jinkyungondamtang were revealed rem- arkable effect in delaying the time to die induced by stry-chnine (P<0.05). 3. By oral administration of Jinkyungondamtang, the lapse of the time to elicit convulsion and to die were delayed significantly to elicit convulsion inducing by picrotoxin (P<0.05, P<0.05). 4. Considerable prolongation of the lapse of the time to elicit the convulsion was observed in convulsion induced caffeine due to the anticonvulsive effects of Jinkyungondamtang (P<0.05).

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

This studies was carried out to estimate the influence of mowing height, time lapse, rolling, and dew removal on green speed of putting green in Lake Side C. C. on 29, 30 Jun. 1998. The results were as follows. As mowing height increased, green speed tended to be decreased. After mowing, green speed tended to be decreased over the time, and appeared to be decrease significantly on the next day[Y=3.206-0.127.X1-1.41$\times$10-2.X4(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X4=time lapse)]. This suggests that the frequency of mowing must be increased to maintain the green speed. But, frequent mowing cause the turfgrass of putting green to be stressed. Rolling tended to increase green speed[Y=3.555-0.202.X1+0.111.X2(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X2=rolling)]. Thus, rollers is thought to be an tool used to increase green speed and rolling is expected to be able to decrease turfgrass stress while maintaining the performance level of the putting green. Dew removal appeared to increase green speed significantly[Y=2.499-0.125.X1+0.366.X3(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X3=dew removal)]. Thus, dew removal is expected to maintain the green speed in the morning.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2000

This study was carried out to survey trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP) levels in drinking underground water and to examine its characteristics in Kunsan area. In drinking underground water, THMFP increased with the lapse of reaction time and 96hr-THMFP was the highest of THMFPs examined. In many cases, 24hr-THMFP, 48hr-THMFP and 96hr-THMFP reflected 2hr-THMFP level due to the largest composition ratio of CHCl$_3$ decreased with the lapse of reaction of CHCl$_3$ among THM individuals. CHCl$_3$ was mostly formed within early 2hour of reaction time, but CHClBr$_2$ and CHBr$_3$ continued their formation until 48 hour. Accordingly, the composition ratio of CHCl$_3$ decreased with the lapse of reaction time while that of total Br derivatives increased. 96hr-THMFPs of drinking underground water in Kunsan area ranged from N.D.(not detected)~98.80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ and, in general, those of western section of Kunsan area, closer to the coast, showed the higher tendency. But, from their large range of variance, it could be considered that THMFPs differ individually even in the same section depending on such factors as the difference of water stream, circumstances of management and so on. All the parameters for water quality examined(pH, KMnO$_4$ consumption;UV$_{254}$ , TOC. Cl$^{[-10]}$ ) showed very week corelation with 96h-THMFP.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1991

We measured change of peripheral skin temperature and mean skin temperature when the upper arm and thigh are pressured in order to know the effect of skin pressure applied by clothing on blood circulation. After release from pressure, we observed also recovery condition. At the same time, we examined relation between pressure and a feeling of thightness. Three physiques of healthy females, namely slender, standard and plump, served as subjects. We used continuous restraint method with skin pressure applied by experimental fabric for 10 min. As a result of this experiment, we obtained following findings. 1. The significant difference was marked at the pressure, measuring time and physique with change of skin temperature under upper arm restraint. The peripheral and mean skin temperature decreased with the lapse of restraint time. A remarkable tendency observed according to the increase of restraint pressure. Recovery condition after release from pressure not yet recovered to original state, for all after a lapse of 10 min. 2. The significant difference was marked at the pressure, measuring time and physique with change of skin temperature under thigh restraint, especially different physique was remarkable among them. The peripheral skin temperature decreased or decreased. Recovery condition after release from pressure was the same upper arm. 3. Main factor affecting the evaluation of a feeling of tightness was restraint pressure. The value of pressure sensation made remarkable declined after a lapse of 10 min restraint time. Individual differences, however, were shown in pressure sensation.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

Since the terrain of Korea is complex, micro- as well as meso-climate variability is extreme by locations in Korea. In particular, air temperature of agricultural fields is influenced by topographic features of the surroundings making accurate interpolation of regional meteorological data from point-measured data. This study was carried out to compare spatial interpolation methods to estimate air temperature in agricultural fields surrounded by rugged terrains in South Korea. Four spatial interpolation methods including Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Spline, Ordinary Kriging (with the temperature lapse rate) and Cokriging were tested to estimate monthly air temperature of unobserved stations. Monthly measured data sets (minimum and maximum air temperature) from 588 automatic weather system(AWS) locations in South Korea were used to generate the gridded air temperature surface. As the result, temperature lapse rate improved accuracy of all of interpolation methods, especially, spline showed the lowest RMSE of spatial interpolation methods in both maximum and minimum air temperature estimation.