• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to develop a new method for evaluation of stream naturalness in order to appraise and prescribe for streams effectively in the process of ecological restoration of stream corridors. The results are as follows : 1) For this purpose six factors were selected on considering the spatial axes of stream corridor variation and total 20 descriptors about the physical structure were selected. 2) The calculation of S.N.I. for each segment was consisted of three steps, such as calculation of S.N.I.s of the individual descriptors, averaging all the descriptors's for each factor, and finally averaging the factors's for the Total S.N.I. 3) The evaluation unit was decided to be 100m size. The score system ranging 1~5 was adopted. Weighting parameters of factors were unified with each other. 4) A GIS model was adopted for classification, calculation, querying, analysing, and presenting S.N.I. information. And the format of S.N.I. maps including statistical graphs and other spatial watershed information was designed for the GIS odel. The naturalness of stream corridor was was investigated by the naturalness of habitat, and assessed by the descriptors focused on physical structure, therefore the S.N.I. can manifest prescriptions for restoration of the stream corridor. On the other hand because some evaluation factors such as water quality, water volume, fauna, flora, functions of stream exosystem has been excluded, S.N.I. could have some limits on representing the full aspects of stream naturalness. This evaluation method is hypothetical one, so it would be investigated through iterative applicatons.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.51-64
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• 1993

Meeting the rapidly increasing demand for natural outdoor recreation, Korea Forestry Administration established 26 places of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones. By 2000 year, 100 zones were planned to cover the entire country. But there was no accurate information about demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. Therefore, this study was carried out to forecast the quantitive demand of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$. To forecast the 'demand of 2001 year, forecasting unit was determined to $\ulcorner$Visitor. Day$\lrcorner$, and three quantifing methods were applied. The results of demand by each forecating method were as follows: 1) Questionnaire survey method for willingness to participate was 16,651,000(visitor. day). 2) application of similiar situation threshold method was 14,540,000(visitor. day). 3) Demand partition method by secondary data was 10,775,000(visitor, day). Comprised of these results. The scope estimate of $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ demand was proposed as 8,110,000(Minimum) - 27,088,000(Miximum). The point estimate of demand which were proposed as strategic guidelines was 16,651,000(visitor. day). These results implied that recently announced 111 predetermined $\ulcorner$Natural Recreation Forest$\lrcorner$ zones supposed to be overcrowded meeting the forcasted demand level of 2001 year.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2004

To manage rainwater environmentally friendly, it is necessary to let the rainwater be infiltrated naturally and make reservoirs to detain it in the chosen spot. Not only should it be prepared to handle the city flood, but also it be a necessary alternative for establishing the ecological water circular system in cities. Therefore, considering the present rainwater. management system, this study analysed the status of products which can be interchanged from existent systems to rainwater infiltrating systems. In this study, the infiltrating equipment that is applicable to the Korean drainage system was developed. The case was studied out to investigate the effects of infiltrating and the detaining ability of the developed product. The case site, block 6 of Sang-am residence, was selected and analyzed. The amount of infiltration and detention per unit of the introduced facilities, i.e., infiltrating pipes and tanks were calculated. In this research, the amount of each infiltrating tank was revealed to be 1.353 m/hr and the amount of detention as 0.299 m/hr. And the amount of each infiltrating pipe was found to be 0.541 m/hr and the amount of detention was 0.118 m/hr. To examine the effects of the system, the total amount of the outlet before and after installing was compared and calculated. In doing this, a basis for deciding the arrangement and number of tanks and pipes of the infiltrating system was made.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

In this study, quantitative models were applied to case parks to estimate the carbon reduction by trees, which was compared and analyzed at the tree and park levels. At the tree level, quantitative models of carbon storage and uptake differed by up to 7.9 times, even for the same species and size. At the park level, the carbon reduction from quantitative models varied by up to 3.7 times for the same park. In other words, carbon reduction by quantitative models exhibited considerable variation at the tree and park levels. These differences are likely due to the use of different growth environment coefficients and annual diameter at breast height growth rates and the overestimation of carbon reduction due to the substitution of the same genus and group model for each tree species. Extending the annual carbon uptake per unit area of the case park to the total park area of Chuncheon a carbon uptake ranging from a minimum of 370.4 t/yr and a maximum of 929.3 t/yr, and the difference can reach up to 558.9 t/yr. This is equivalent to the carbon emissions from the annual household electricity consumption of approximately 2,430 people. These results suggest that the indiscriminate application of quantitative models to estimate carbon reduction in urban trees can lead to significant errors and deviations in estimating carbon storage and uptake in urban greenspaces. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for estimating carbon reduction in urban greening research, projects, and policies.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-480
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• 2019

Standard estimates are the numerical data of a unit quantity required for construction work such as the amount of materials, manpower, and the use of equipment required and are also a basis to calculate construction costs. Unfortunately, standard estimates for construction have also been used for garden construction these days as no standard estimates for garden construction have been developed or documented until now. As a result, many problems have arisen at garden construction sites since landscape construction and garden construction differ in terms of scope, size, design and construction methods. The purpose of this study was to develop standard estimates for garden construction for proper calculation of the cost of garden construction and to ensure gardens are created following appropriate construction processes. In order to develop standard estimates for garden construction, a preliminary survey was conducted on experts to understand current issues at first. After that, a questionnaire survey was done to examine problems of construction processes and ways of improvement, and on-site inspections were conducted utilizing CCTVs at construction sites to identify the actual amount of manpower required on site. Based on the results of the surveys and on-site inspections, a draft version of standard estimates for 5 types of planting work for garden construction was developed. Developing standard estimates for garden construction will serve as a stepping stone for the transparent and proper compensation for garden construction work, which will not only contribute to addressing issues between consumers and construction companies, but also to the stabilization of market economy and job creation.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

본 연구는 근대경관이 병존하는 창경궁을 대상으로 조경 복원정비 양상의 타당성을 해석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전담관리 조직에 따른 조경 복원정비 태도 변화를 이해하였다. 1908년 어원사무국의 황실재산 국유화와 환경미화, 1961년 문화재관리국 출범과 1963년 사적 지정에 따른 문화재 보존, 1983년 창경궁사무소의 복원 후속처리로서 환경정화, 1999년 문화재청 승격과 2019년 궁능유적본부 발족 이후 전문적 조경관리와 관람환경 제공이 포함된다. 둘째, 해방 이후 '창경원 환경정화기(1954~1977)'에는 유원지 시설의 기능 복구, 벚꽃놀이를 위한 시설 설치, 국립동물원 도약을 위한 환경정화가 이루어졌다. '창경궁 중건기(1983~1986)'에는 도시공원 기능을 포함한 복원정비 공사, 완충기능의 유보녹지 설정, 외부공간의 전통적 재조성, 산림지역 통합 정비가 진행되었다. '전통조경공간 보완기(1987~2009)'는 소나무로 획일화된 녹지 경관조성, 화계 중심의 다양한 식생 경관이 도입되었고, '관람환경 개선·정비기(2010~2022)'는 활용을 전제로 한 기본계획 수립되었으나 단위 공간에 집중된 소극적 정비가 고수되고 있다. 셋째, 조경 복원정비의 타당성과 관련하여 문화재 보존원칙의 '고유성' 측면에서 권역별 궁제의 회복이 전각이 밀집한 구역에서 40여 년간 확장되지 않음을 파악하였다. 또한, 다층위의 역사를 존중하는 여부로서 '시대성'은 두 차례 창경궁의 복원기준연대를 설정하는 과정에서 고려되지 않았다. 조선과 근대의 원상이 병존하는 후원 권역의 대온실 일원은 자수화단, 춘당지가 하나의 영역으로서 '완전성'을 만족시키지 못하였다. 문화재 공간의 활용 실태로 파악한 '효용성'은 내·외전 권역과 다른 프로그램들로 집중된 대온실과 춘당지의 장소성 확립을 시사한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2018

Mt. Bongeui is a neighborhood park of 66.4 ha as a major natural landscape resource located in the center of Chuncheon City. This study quantified the reduction of carbon, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{2.5}$, and the production of $O_2$ to explore the role for Mt. Bongeui to contribute to annual atmospheric purification. The main forest types and age classes of the study site included age-class III broadleaved forest at 35.8%, age-class VI coniferous forest at 17.2%, and age-class IV broadleaved forest at 15.7%. The annual atmospheric purification effect per unit area was as follows: 7.6 t carbon/ha/yr, 16.6 kg $SO_2/ha/yr$, 40.4 kg $NO_2/ha/yr$, 41.5 kg $O_3/ha/yr$, 53.7 kg $PM_{2.5}/ha/yr$, and 20.2 t $O_2/ha/yr$. The economic value of these effects was equivalent to about 12.9 million KRW/ha/yr. The study site annually offset carbon emissions of about 300 citizens, $SO_2$ emissions of 220 citizens, and $NO_2$ emissions of 92 citizens in Chuncheon. It also played an important role in annually producing 1.5% of the amount of $O_2$ necessary for the respiration of Chuncheon's total population. This study pioneers in comprehensively quantifying the atmospheric purification effect and could be useful in guiding the planning and management to improve the effect.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop strategies to re-establish the Park Nature Conservation Area in Bukhansan National Park, reflecting landscape ecological value by using the zonation program Marxan with Zones. Planning unit was set by watershed, and the basic data were mapped, considering topographical and ecological values. Mapped indicators were analyzed with the application framework of Marxan with Zones by indexing some indicators. The zones divided into Park Nature Conservation Area (Zone A), Park Nature Environment Area I(Zone B) which is reflected on the concept of Potential Park Nature Conservation Area and Park Nature Environment Area II(Zone C). The best solution for each of the scenarios was fixed through the sensitiveness analysis. From these, the final solution was selected considering five criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlapped analysis with recent zonation. According to the results, the number of watersheds was 77, with an average area of $1,007,481m^2$. In terms of basic mapping and indexation, the slope index and number of landscape resources for topographical property were average 0.22 and 38 places, respectively. Biotope index was average 0.69 and legally protected species was 14 species, reflecting ecological values. As the social and economic indicators, trail index was average 0.04, and the number of tour and management facilities was 43 places. Through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution for scenario 1 which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of Park Nature Conservation Area and grouping was excellent. As the result of overlapped analysis, suggested zonation of the Park Nature Conservation was better than the recent zonation in the area raito (28.3%), biotope grade I(15.4%) and the distribution points (10 places) of legally protected species with verification of proper distribution of conservation features according to the zone.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) causes severe losses to various legume species and a number of non-legume species, particularly freesia plants. In a survey of virus diseases in Gyeonggi province, Korea, BYMV isolates were identified from many cultivated freesia species. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a BYMV freesia isolate (BYMV-Fr; accession number FJ492961). BYMV-Fr genome consists of 9,545 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly (A) tail and encodes 3,057 amino acid (aa), with an AUG start and UAG stop codon, containing one open reading frame typical of a potyvirus polyprotein. The polyprotein of BYMV-Fr was divided to ten proteins and the cleavage sites of each protein were determined. The coat protein (CP) and polyprotein of BYMV-Fr were compared at the aa level with those of the previously reported 4 BYMV isolates. BYMV-Fr shared 90.1 to 97.1 and 91.0 to 92.5% at the CP and polyprotein homology. Interestingly, BYMV-Fr showed identities of a lower level at the nt level of 5' noncoding region (61.4 to 67.6%) and at the aa level of P1 (71.4 to 72.8%), comparing with four BYMV isolates. Based on the aa sequence diversity of CP and polyprotein, phylogenetic analysis with the four BYMV isolates showed two distinct groups and BYMV-Fr and most BYMV isolates were most closely related to the clover yellow vein virus among 52 potyviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of BYMV freesia strain.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 녹화를 위한 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 인공지반 녹화 시 고려해야 할 기술적 사항은 건물에 미치는 하중과 식물의 생육에 관한 것이다. 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 펄라이트와 자연토양이 혼합된 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 하중으로 인한 영향을 분석하였다. 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 하중은 인공지반이 포화되었을 때 최대가 되며, 강우강도가 인공지반의 침투능을 증가할 때 인공지반이 포화된다. 인공지반의 포화 여부를 판정하기 위하여 강우 강도는 도시배수시설물 설계에 이용되는 10년 빈도 10분 강우 강도를 이용하였고, 침투능은 정수위투수계수 측정법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 인공토 및 혼합토는 그 비율에 따라 투수계수가 변하며, 특히 다짐 정도에 따라 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났으나, 대부분의 경우 재현기간 10년의 10분 강우강도를 초과하지는 않았다. 따라서 인공지반의 포화단위중량을 구조물 설계의 설계하중으로 적용하여야 함을 알 수 있다.